1,939 research outputs found
A Survey on Wireless Sensor Network Security
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have recently attracted a lot of interest in
the research community due their wide range of applications. Due to distributed
nature of these networks and their deployment in remote areas, these networks
are vulnerable to numerous security threats that can adversely affect their
proper functioning. This problem is more critical if the network is deployed
for some mission-critical applications such as in a tactical battlefield.
Random failure of nodes is also very likely in real-life deployment scenarios.
Due to resource constraints in the sensor nodes, traditional security
mechanisms with large overhead of computation and communication are infeasible
in WSNs. Security in sensor networks is, therefore, a particularly challenging
task. This paper discusses the current state of the art in security mechanisms
for WSNs. Various types of attacks are discussed and their countermeasures
presented. A brief discussion on the future direction of research in WSN
security is also included.Comment: 24 pages, 4 figures, 2 table
The determinants of electronic voting adoption: Independent National Electoral Commission of Nigeria employees' perspective
The trend in the technological development has made the use of information technology and supporting devices mandatory in virtually all aspects of life. Yet the development of an Information system can be rejected by users due to several factors, that can be costly if left unsolved. This study investigates the determinant factors that can influence the successful adoption of electronic voting technology in the organisational context using the managerial and operational staff of the electoral commission for the data collection thorough a survey study. Based on previous
studies on adoption of technology, four key determinants factors or variables i.e.
Technological Readiness, Organisational Readiness, Environmental Factors, and Perceived Benefits were identified from theories of Diffusion of Innovations, Technology-Organisation-Environment framework, and Iacovou et al. (1995) model to develop a model of organisational adoption of electronic voting technology. Past studies in the area of technology adoption have equally identified other important factors that can influence adoption of technology such as user participation in system development and ICT training and Skills. The study extend the model with these two factors and tested for mediation and indirect effects in the model relationships using ICT training and Skills being a critical factors in the success of any information
technology adoption, especially in the developing countries such as Nigeria as shown
from previous studies. The proposed model consists of eleven hypothesized structural relationships-direct and indirect. A total of 500 questionnaires was distributed for this study between the two major categories, i.e. Managerial and operational staff. A Partial Least Structural Equation Modelling method of analysis was use to investigate the causal, mediating and moderating relationships between
the latent variables. The results showed that all the determinants factors positively influence the electronic voting technology adoption success. Based on the results obtained, a model of information technology adoption known as E-voting adoption is proposed. The theoretical and practical implications were finally discussed, while
necessary suggestions on future research were recommende
"Hey, Can You Add Captions?": The Critical Infrastructuring Practices of Neurodiverse People on TikTok
Accessibility efforts, how we can make the world usable and useful to as many
people as possible, have explicitly focused on how we can support and allow for
the autonomy and independence of people with disabilities, neurotypes, chronic
conditions, and older adults. Despite these efforts, not all technology is
designed or implemented to support everyone's needs. Recently, a
community-organized push by creators and general users of TikTok urged the
platform to add accessibility features, such as closed captioning to
user-generated content, allowing more people to use the platform with greater
ease. Our work focuses on an understudied population -- people with ADHD and
those who experience similar challenges -- exploring the creative practices
people from this community engage in, focusing on the kinds of accessibility
they create through their creative work. Through an interview study exploring
the experiences of creatives on TikTok, we find that creatives engage in
critical infrastructuring -- a process of bottom-up (re)design -- to make the
platform more accessible despite the challenges the platform presents to them
as creators. We present these critical infrastructuring practices through the
themes of: creating and augmenting video editing infrastructures and creating
and augmenting video captioning infrastructures. We reflect on the introduction
of a top-down infrastructure - the implementation of an auto-captioning feature
- shifts the critical infrastructure practices of content creators. Through
their infrastructuring, creatives revised sociotechnical capabilities of TikTok
to support their own needs as well as the broader needs of the TikTok
community. We discuss how the routine of infrastructuring accessibility is
actually best conceptualized as incidental care work. We further highlight how
accessibility is an evolving sociotechnical construct, and forward the concept
of contextual accessibility.Comment: To be published in: Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. CSCW '2
Low-Cost Air Quality Monitoring Tools: From Research to Practice (A Workshop Summary).
In May 2017, a two-day workshop was held in Los Angeles (California, U.S.A.) to gather practitioners who work with low-cost sensors used to make air quality measurements. The community of practice included individuals from academia, industry, non-profit groups, community-based organizations, and regulatory agencies. The group gathered to share knowledge developed from a variety of pilot projects in hopes of advancing the collective knowledge about how best to use low-cost air quality sensors. Panel discussion topics included: (1) best practices for deployment and calibration of low-cost sensor systems, (2) data standardization efforts and database design, (3) advances in sensor calibration, data management, and data analysis and visualization, and (4) lessons learned from research/community partnerships to encourage purposeful use of sensors and create change/action. Panel discussions summarized knowledge advances and project successes while also highlighting the questions, unresolved issues, and technological limitations that still remain within the low-cost air quality sensor arena
A Taxonomy of Data Grids for Distributed Data Sharing, Management and Processing
Data Grids have been adopted as the platform for scientific communities that
need to share, access, transport, process and manage large data collections
distributed worldwide. They combine high-end computing technologies with
high-performance networking and wide-area storage management techniques. In
this paper, we discuss the key concepts behind Data Grids and compare them with
other data sharing and distribution paradigms such as content delivery
networks, peer-to-peer networks and distributed databases. We then provide
comprehensive taxonomies that cover various aspects of architecture, data
transportation, data replication and resource allocation and scheduling.
Finally, we map the proposed taxonomy to various Data Grid systems not only to
validate the taxonomy but also to identify areas for future exploration.
Through this taxonomy, we aim to categorise existing systems to better
understand their goals and their methodology. This would help evaluate their
applicability for solving similar problems. This taxonomy also provides a "gap
analysis" of this area through which researchers can potentially identify new
issues for investigation. Finally, we hope that the proposed taxonomy and
mapping also helps to provide an easy way for new practitioners to understand
this complex area of research.Comment: 46 pages, 16 figures, Technical Repor
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