Tithe and agrarian output between the Tyne and Tees, 1350- 1450

The aim of this thesis is to establish a series of agrarian output indicators, based on tithe receipts, for the period 1350 to 1450 and to interpret this series in the light of current thinking on the medieval economy. Tithe receipts recorded in the accounts of Durham Priory were used for the series. After a broad discussion of the concept of tithe, covering Its origins, significance and historiography, the institution of tithe is examined at the parish and monastic levels. There follows a detailed discussion of the method used to convert the tithe receipts into indicators of agrarian output: this represents a development of methods used by French historians in the 1960s and 1970s. The final two chapters examine the significance of these indicators for our understanding of the economy of the late middle ages. Agrarian output in the parishes between the Tyne and Tees proves to have been comparable to developments on demesne land elsewhere in England. Some significant differences are also observed and discussed

The dynamics of urban festal culture in later medieval England.

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Learning systems: An ecological perspective on advanced academic literacy practices of multilingual writers

Recent work in composition\u27s leading journals has challenged the field\u27s exclusive focus on native English speakers and has called for a more international perspective on writing research and pedagogy. This dissertation, which grew from requests from multilingual graduate students in my own institution for more advanced academic writing support, extends this call to explore ways writing programs can better account for the needs of international graduate students, a growing population in US institutions. The role English has assumed as the lingua franca of international academic communication has made writing in English a critical skill for these students\u27 professional development. In many cases, even international students who return to their home countries after graduating must continue publishing in English if their work is to receive international recognition. This dissertation includes case studies of five international doctoral students in an interdisciplinary environmental studies program learning to write for their fields. To examine this process, I meld theories of situated learning (i.e., learning by doing ) with systems theory, a construct commonly used in natural resources management to study interrelationships between ecological, economic, and social factors in environmental phenomena. This ecological lens has allowed me to view more holistically the complex interrelationships between various factors on these students\u27 learning. Not only must these students write high-stakes academic documents in their second language and negotiate a variety of cultural differences between educational contexts in their home countries and in the US, but they must also piece together often implicit writing expertise distributed across a network of teachers and colleagues in the university and in their fields. Writing, for these students, is an intensely integrated process, requiring a more integrated model of university writing support than we generally provide. The goal of this study is to offer a more holistic perspective on advanced academic literacy learning and suggest ways of making more efficient use of departmental and university resources to meet these students\u27 needs

Aquinas and the realist dispute in science an Aristotelio-Thomistic contribution to current discussions in language, logic and science

Part I is entirely devoted to current issues in the philosophy of language, logic and science. The burden of the Introduction is to familiarise ourselves with the strengths and weaknesses of scientific realism and scientific anti-realism, and to show that a synthesis of realist and anti-realist tendencies is desirable. Chapters Two and Three deal with a challenge stemming from semantic anti-realists concerning the proper understanding of the nature of truth. The remainder of Part I is devoted to the problem of demarcation. In Chapter 6, which deals with Quine's thesis concerning the indeterminacy of radical translation, I offer a method of distinguishing areas of discourse capable of bearing a realist interpretation from those demanding treatment along anti-realistic lines. Part II beings our study of Aquinas' philosophy of science. Aquinas is presented as offering an intellectual system consistent with conclusions drawn in Part I. Moreover, his attempt to make theology a science on the Aristotelian model is seen to be analogous to our attempt to reconcile realist and anti-realist tendencies in the realist dispute in science

The Use of Virtual Instruments by Australian Screen Composers

Recent technological advancements, strong competition and targeted marketing strategies by virtual instrument merchants have established virtual instruments and digital instrument samples as essential components of a professional screen composer's toolset. The democratisation of these powerful tools has led to broad accessibility to virtual instruments and the digital sequencing software required to run them. Virtual instruments are portable, powerful, and affordable––they are no longer the exclusive domain of expensive recording studios. This thesis aims to quantify and qualify the parameters surrounding screen music composition in this digital age and introduce to the literature new empirical data together with the experiences of working screen music professionals. This is achieved by following a mixed methods sequential exploratory methodology starting with a survey of Australian screen composers (n=102) where they are asked to answer questions with a recent cue in mind. Informed by the results of the survey, semistructured interviews were conducted and recorded with working Australian screen composers (n=22). When combined the meta-inferences confirm that virtual instruments are vital for Australian screen composers to do their job, especially now that their tools are democratised. Screen composers are able to swiftly create cues that are finished products and not demos for their director and film-team. These changes have also shaped a new paradigm of film and television directors to expect final and completed versions of cues from Australian screen composers and not working drafts

Intuitionism and logical revision.

The topic of this thesis is logical revision: should we revise the canons of classical reasoning in favour of a weaker logic, such as intuitionistic logic? In the first part of the thesis, I consider two metaphysical arguments against the classical Law of Excluded Middle-arguments whose main premise is the metaphysical claim that truth is knowable. I argue that the first argument, the Basic Revisionary Argument, validates a parallel argument for a conclusion that is unwelcome to classicists and intuitionists alike: that the dual of the Law of Excluded Middle, the Law of Non-Contradiction, is either unknown, or both known and not known to be true. As for the second argument, the Paradox of Knowability, I offer new reasons for thinking that adopting intuitionistic logic does not go to the heart of the matter. In the second part of the thesis, I motivate an inferentialist framework for assessing competing logics-one on which the meaning of the logical vocabulary is determined by the rules for its correct use. I defend the inferentialist account of understanding from the contention that it is inadequate in principle, and I offer reasons for thinking that the inferentialist approach to logic can help model theorists and proof-theorists alike justify their logical choices. I then scrutinize the main meaning-theoretic principles on which the inferentialist approach to logic rests: the requirements of harmony and separability. I show that these principles are motivated by the assumption that inference rules are complete, and that the kind of completeness that is necessary for imposing separability is strictly stronger than the completeness needed for requiring harmony. This allows me to reconcile the inferentialist assumption that inference rules are complete with the inherent incompleteness of higher-order logics-an apparent tension that has sometimes been thought to undermine the entire inferentialist project. I finally turn to the question whether the inferentialist framework is inhospitable in principle to classical logical principles. I compare three different regimentations of classical logic: two old, the multiple-conclusions and the bilateralist ones, and one new. Each of them satisfies the requirements of harmony and separability, but each of them also invokes structural principles that are not accepted by the intuitionist logician. I offer reasons for dismissing multiple-conclusions and bilateralist formalizations of logic, and I argue that we can nevertheless be in harmony with classical logic, if we are prepared to adopt classical rules for disjunction, and if we are willing to treat absurdity as a logical punctuation sign

The expert patient: an exploration of self-management in long term conditions

Chronic disease is the major challenge facing global health care. In tandem there has been the emergence of active and informed patients in western society, with the contemporary patient increasingly involved in decisions about their treatment and care. However, while it is acknowledged that the vast majority of chronic disease management is via self-care and effective self-management has a potentially significant effect on reducing resource demand, there has been comparatively little research on the concept of the expert self-managing patient within chronic disease. The aims of this study were therefore to: " Investigate how patient expertise is viewed, interpreted, defined and experienced by patients and clinicians. " Understand how patient expertise is promoted and enabled through the self-management process. " Discover how patient expertise is enhanced or impeded by other mechanisms. Adopting a grounded theory approach underpinned by critical realism, the study commenced with three focus groups with patients and seven focus groups conducted with nurses and physiotherapists. Using the emergent themes as a starting point for constant comparative analysis, concurrent data collection via semi-structured interviews and observation was conducted. This included interviews with twenty two patients, twelve clinicians including doctors, nurses and physiotherapists and two Expert Patients Programme lay tutors. Observation was undertaken with ten consultant and nurse-led clinics, a six week Expert Patients Programme and an eight week Back Fitness Course. A storyline is described that illustrates the journey of the expert patient and the thesis explores the barriers and enablers on this journey. A typology of the expert patient is developed in which it is shown that expert patients fall into four quadrants with overt acceptors as the idealized patient within medical consultations. The findings suggest that many expert patients learned characteristics of being succinct and non-emotional when communicating with clinicians, but at the cost of not being able to articulate the emotional consequences of living with chronic disease. Variance from this idealized type leads to conflict which is explored through theories of the medical division of labour. It is concluded that the typology of the expert patient should be widely discussed and acknowledged as a framework for professional and lay practice. In particular, there should be explicit recognition of the emotional needs of people with chronic illness. Recommendations for policy and practice are generated that include acknowledgement of the expert patient beyond the medically idealised type. It is suggested that within the Expert Patients Programme there should be a move away from the current rigid content and delivery style and a greater focus on the subjective experience of chronic illness. Lay tutors would benefit from developing skills to support the psychological needs of participants. Furthermore, it is suggested that the behaviours and working environment that characterised nurse specialists should be used as a template for good practice to enable clinicians to meet the needs of expert patients. Finally, recommendations are made for inter-professional education. It is suggested that the skills of a variety of expert patients beyond the idealized overt-acceptor type are utilised in order to expose clinicians to a fuller range of patient narratives surrounding the experience of chronic disease