4 research outputs found
Determination of division algebras with 243 elements
Finite nonassociative division algebras (i.e., finite semifields) with 243
elements are completely classified.Comment: 6 pages, 3 table
The multiplicative loops of Jha-Johnson semifields
The multiplicative loops of Jha-Johnson semifields are non-automorphic finite loops whose left and right nuclei are the multiplicative groups of a field extension of their centers. They yield examples of finite loops with non-trivial automorphism group and non-trivial inner mappings. Upper bounds are given for the number of non-isotopic multiplicative loops of order qnm -1 that are defined using the twisted polynomial ring K[t;Ο] and a twisted irreducible polynomial of degree m, when the automorphism Ο has order n
Π Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ 3-ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ
We evolve an approach to construction and classification of semifield projective planes withΒ the use of the linear space and spread set. This approach is applied to the problem of existanceΒ for a projective plane with the fixed restrictions on collineation group.A projective plane is said to be semifield plane if its coordinatizing set is a semifield, orΒ division ring. It is an algebraic structure with two binary operation which satisfies all the axiomsΒ for a skewfield except (possibly) associativity of multiplication. A collineation of a projectiveΒ plane of order p2n (p > 2 be prime) is called Baer collineation if it fixes a subplane of order pn pointwise. If the order of a Baer collineation divides pn β 1 but does not divide pi β 1 for i < n then such a collineation is called p-primitive. A semifield plane that admit such collineation isΒ a p-primitive plane.M. Cordero in 1997 construct 4 examples of 3-primitive semifield planes of order 81 with theΒ nucleus of order 9, using a spread set formed by 2 Γ 2-matrices. In the paper we consider theΒ general case of 3-primitive semifield plane of order 81 with the nucleus of order β€ 9 and a spreadΒ set in the ring of 4 Γ 4-matrices. We use the earlier theoretical results obtained independentlyΒ to construct the matrix representation of the spread set and autotopism group. We determine 8Β isomorphism classes of 3-primitive semifield planes of order 81 including M. Cordero examples.Β We obtain the algorithm to optimize the identification of pair-isomorphic semifield planes,Β and computer realization of this algorithm. It is proved that full collineation group of anyΒ semifield plane of order 81 is solvable, the orders of all autotopisms are calculated.Β We describe the structure of 8 non-isotopic semifields of order 81 that coordinatize 8 nonisomorphicΒ 3-primitive semifield planes of order 81. The spectra of its multiplicative loops ofΒ non-zero elements are calculated, the left-, right-ordered spectra, the maximal subfields and automorphisms are found. The results obtained illustrate G. Wene hypothesis on left or right primitivity for any finite semifield and demonstrate some anomalous properties.The methods and algorithsm demonstrated can be used for construction and investigation of semifield planes of odd order pn for p β₯ 3 and n β₯ 4.Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. Π Π΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ (Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ²).ΠΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎ Ρ Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎ Π°Π»Π³Π΅Π±ΡΠ°ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Ρ Π΄Π²ΡΠΌΡ Π±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°, Π·Π° ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ,Β Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° p2nΒ (p > 2 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ΅) Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° pn. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ Π±ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ pnΒ β 1, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ piΒ β 1 ΠΏΡΠΈ i < n,Β ΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ p-ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ, Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΒ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ p-ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ.Π. ΠΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΎ Π² 1997 Π³. ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ»Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° 3-ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° 81 Ρ ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° 9, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ 2 Γ 2-ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ 3-ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΒ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° 81 c ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° β€ 9 ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ 4 Γ 4-ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° 3-ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° 81, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π. ΠΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΎ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ 3-ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ°Β 81, Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ², Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π±ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
.ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° 81, ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Β Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
3-ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° 81. ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΡΠΏ Π½Π΅Π½ΡΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎ- ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ, ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Ρ Π. ΠΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎ- ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΒ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅, ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° pnΒ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ p β₯ 3 ΠΈ n β₯ 4