Prevention of disasters supported on the internet of things and early warning systems

El cambio climático ha traído consigo un mayor riesgo de desastres naturales que generan un alto perjuicio económico y social e incluso la pérdida de vidas humanas, por esta razón en las últimas décadas los gobiernos han estado preocupados por encontrar formas más eficientes de prevenir o mitigar el impacto de los desastres naturales puede causar, de esta manera emergen los sistemas de alerta temprana. Este trabajo expone la evolución y los conceptos relacionados con los sistemas de alerta temprana (SAT) y también desarrolla análisis sobre el SAT implementado para prevenir los tres tipos más comunes de desastres naturales: inundaciones, terremotos y epidemias. Por lo tanto, la tendencia futura de estos SAT también se analiza.Climate change has brought with it the increased risk of occurrence of natural disasters that generate a high economic and social detriment and even the loss of human lives, for this reason in the last decades governments have been worried with finding more efficient ways to prevent or mitigate the impact of natural disasters can cause, in this way early warning systems emerge. This work exposes the evolution and concepts related to Early Warning Systems (EWS) and also develops analysis about the SAT implemented to prevent the three most common types of natural disasters: floods, earthquakes and epidemics. Therefore, the future trend of these EWS is also analyzed.The Third International Conference on Data Mining and Big Data (DMBD’2018

Preventing and Mitigating Natural Disasters

This report highlights the importance of developing and sharing information on natural hazards, ensuring that the disaster-management community, decision-makers and the public understand the risks posed by these hazards and recognize the onset of hazardous weather and its impact on safety and survival procedures. Educational levels: High school, Undergraduate lower division, Undergraduate upper division, Graduate or professional, Informal education, General public

The Internet of Things for Natural Risk Management (Inte.Ri.M.)

This chapter deals with the development of a management system, which integrates the use of IoT in natural risk detection, revention, and management with economic evaluation of each stage. In the introductory part, recent data are presented that document the importance that natural disasters have for the environment and for the Italian economy. Section 2 presents the Inte.Ri.M. project—the Internet of Things for Natural Risk Management—its purpose, activity plan, and bodies involved. Technical aspects are treated in Section 3 with the choice of hardware and software components and the solutions for collecting and transmitting data. Section 4 is about the economic aspects considering the stages of prevention, intervention, and restoration and the relation between the intensity of human activity and environment to define a range of situations. These scenarios call for different economic methodologies useful to estimate economic implications of each stage in the short, medium, and long term. Section 5 describes the structure of the Inte.Ri.M. management system and the foreseen functionalities. In the conclusion, the critical points are discussed, and the steps for the transposition of the work carried out on the territory are outlined, according to the provisions of the work program

Comparative analysis of spring flood risk reduction measures in Alaska, United States and the Sakha Republic, Russia

Thesis (Ph.D.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2017River ice thaw and breakup are an annual springtime phenomena in the North. Depending on regional weather patterns and river morphology, breakups can result in catastrophic floods in exposed and vulnerable communities. Breakup flood risk is especially high in rural and remote northern communities, where flood relief and recovery are complicated by unique geographical and climatological features, and limited physical and communication infrastructure. Proactive spring flood management would significantly minimize the adverse impacts of spring floods. Proactive flood management entails flood risk reduction through advances in ice jam and flood prevention, forecasting and mitigation, and community preparedness. With the goal to identify best practices in spring flood risk reduction, I conducted a comparative case study between two flood-prone communities, Galena in Alaska, United States and Edeytsy in the Sakha Republic, Russia. Within a week from each other, Galena and Edeytsy sustained major floods in May 2013. Methods included focus groups with the representatives from flood managing agencies, surveys of families impacted by the 2013 floods, observations on site, and archival review. Comparative parameters of the study included natural and human causes of spring floods, effectiveness of spring flood mitigation and preparedness strategies, and the role of interagency communication and cooperation in flood risk reduction. The analysis revealed that spring flood risk in Galena and Edeytsy results from complex interactions among a series of natural processes and human actions that generate conditions of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. Therefore, flood risk in Galena and Edeytsy can be reduced by managing conditions of ice-jam floods, and decreasing exposure and vulnerability of the at-risk populations. Implementing the Pressure and Release model to analyze the vulnerability progression of Edeytsy and Galena points to common root causes at the two research sites, including colonial heritage, unequal distribution of resources and power, top-down governance, and limited inclusion of local communities in the decision-making process. To construct an appropriate flood risk reduction framework it is important to establish a dialogue among the diverse stakeholders on potential solutions, arriving at a range of top-down and bottom-up initiatives and in conjunction selecting the appropriate strategies. Both communities have progressed in terms of greater awareness of the hazard, reduction in vulnerabilities, and a shift to more reliance on shelter-in-place. However, in neither community have needed improvements in levee protection been completed. Dialogue between outside authorities and the community begins earlier and is more intensive for Edeytsy, perhaps accounting for Edeytsy's more favorable rating of risk management and response than Galena's

IoT and semantic web technologies for event detection in natural disasters

This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.Natural disasters cannot be predicted well in advance, but it is still possible to decrease the loss of life and mitigate the damages, exploiting some peculiarities that distinguish them. Smart collection, integration, and analysis of data produced by distributed sensors and services are key elements for understanding the context and supporting decision making process for disaster prevention and management. In this paper, we demonstrate how Internet of Things and Semantic Web technologies can be effectively used for abnormal event detection in the contest of an earthquake. In our proposal, a prototype system, which retrieves the data streams from IoT sensors and web services, is presented. In order to contextualize and give a meaning to the data, semantic web technologies are applied for data annotation. We evaluate our system performances by measuring the response time and other parameters that are important in a disaster detection scenario.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

See Me, Ask Me, Hear Me: Children's Recommendations for Recovery Three Months After Typhoon Haiyan

Typhoon Haiyan, known locally in the Philippines as Typhoon Yolanda, was the deadliest rapid-onset disaster globally in 2013. Nearly 6 million children have been affected, 4.1 million people remain displaced and over 6,000 people lost their lives. Three months since Typhoon Haiyan made landfall will be marked on 8 February 2014. Already many families have started to return home, businesses are reopening and communities are picking up the pieces. Save the Children is working with communities, families and children to provide health, nutrition, shelter, water, sanitation and hygiene, education, child protection and livelihood assistance. As part of this, save the children has consulted with children about how well they think aid agencies have provided assistance to date, and on their hopes for the future

Ready or Not? Protecting the Public's Health From Diseases, Disasters, and Bioterrorism, 2011

Highlights examples of preparedness programs and capacities at risk of federal budget cuts or elimination, examines state and local public health budget cuts, reviews ten years of progress and shortfalls, and outlines policy issues and recommendations

Why Information Matters: A Foundation for Resilience

Embracing Change: The Critical Role of Information, a research project by the Internews' Center for Innovation & Learning, supported by the Rockefeller Foundation, combines Internews' longstanding effort to highlight the important role ofinformation with Rockefeller's groundbreaking work on resilience. The project focuses on three major aspects:- Building knowledge around the role of information in empowering communities to understand and adapt to different types of change: slow onset, long-term, and rapid onset / disruptive;- Identifying strategies and techniques for strengthening information ecosystems to support behavioral adaptation to disruptive change; and- Disseminating knowledge and principles to individuals, communities, the private sector, policymakers, and other partners so that they can incorporate healthy information ecosystems as a core element of their social resilience strategies