Inducción de craving por comida mediante realidad virtual no inmersiva

The binge behavior has been associated with elevated levels of food craving. Cue exposure therapy has been proposed as an effective treatment for binge behavior, facilitating the extinction of the association between the stimuli associated with binge eating and the craving response. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether exposure to food in virtual environments can produce craving levels consistent with individual differences in trait-craving and state-craving, such that they can be used in treatment programs based on cue exposure. The participants were exposed to 10 foods in four virtual environments using non immersive devices. Consistent with the predictions, individuals who had higher levels of trait-craving and state-craving showed a greater desire to eat during exposure to different virtual environments. These results are indicative of the validity of procedures based on food exposure in virtual environments to carry out interventions based on cue exposure techniquesLa terapia de exposición a señales se ha propuesto como un tratamiento eficaz para las conductas de atracón al propiciar la extinción de la asociación entre los estímulos relacionados con la ingesta compulsiva y la respuesta de craving. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar si la exposición a alimentos en entornos de realidad virtual (RV) es capaz de producir niveles de craving consistentes con diferencias individuales en craving-rasgo y craving-estado, de manera que puedan ser utilizados en programas de tratamiento basados en exposición a señales. Los participantes fueron expuestos a 10 alimentos en cuatro entornos virtuales. Las personas que presentaban mayores niveles de craving-rasgo y cravig-estado mostraron mayores deseos de comer durante la exposición a los entornos virtuales. Estos resultados constituyen un indicador de validez del uso de procedimientos basados en la exposición virtual a comida para llevar a cabo intervenciones basadas en técnicas de exposición a señales

Predictors of smoking craving during virtual reality exposure

Cue exposure treatment (CET) consists of controlled and repeated exposure to drugrelated stimuli in order to reduce cue-reactivity. Virtual reality (VR) has proved to be a promising tool for exposition. However, identifying the variables that can modulate the efficacy of this technique is essential for selecting the most appropriate exposure modality. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between several individual variables and self-reported craving in smokers exposed to VR environments. Fortysix smokers were exposed to seven complex virtual environments that reproduce typical situations in which people smoke. Self-reported craving was selected as the criterion variable and three types of variables were selected as the predictor variables: related to nicotine dependence, related to anxiety and impulsivity, and related to the sense of presence in the virtual environments. Sense of presence was the only predictor of self-reported craving in all the experimental virtual environments. Nicotine dependence variables added predictive power to the model only in the virtual breakfast at home. No relation was found between anxiety or impulsivity and self-reported craving. Virtual reality technology can be very helpful for improving CET for substance use disorders. However, the use of virtual environments would make sense only insofar as the sense of presence was high. Otherwise, the effectiveness of exposure might be affected. © 2012 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Predictors of smoking craving during virtual reality exposure

Cue exposure treatment (CET) consists of controlled and repeated exposure to drugrelated stimuli in order to reduce cue-reactivity. Virtual reality (VR) has proved to be a promising tool for exposition. However, identifying the variables that can modulate the efficacy of this technique is essential for selecting the most appropriate exposure modality. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between several individual variables and self-reported craving in smokers exposed to VR environments. Fortysix smokers were exposed to seven complex virtual environments that reproduce typical situations in which people smoke. Self-reported craving was selected as the criterion variable and three types of variables were selected as the predictor variables: related to nicotine dependence, related to anxiety and impulsivity, and related to the sense of presence in the virtual environments. Sense of presence was the only predictor of self-reported craving in all the experimental virtual environments. Nicotine dependence variables added predictive power to the model only in the virtual breakfast at home. No relation was found between anxiety or impulsivity and self-reported craving. Virtual reality technology can be very helpful for improving CET for substance use disorders. However, the use of virtual environments would make sense only insofar as the sense of presence was high. Otherwise, the effectiveness of exposure might be affected. © 2012 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology