CONCEPTUALISING THE MATURITY OF CITIZENS FOR CONSUMER HEALTH INFORMATICS IN LOW AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF CHILE, GHANA, IRAQ, KOSOVO, TURKEY, AND UKRAINE

Einführung: Consumer Health Informatics (ConsHI) ist eine Fachdisziplin, die basierend auf Methoden, Diensten und Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie-Ausstattung Laien in die Lage versetzt, eine aktive Rolle hinsichtich ihrer Gesundheit sicher zu spielen. ConsHI verspricht, ein Heilmittel für die Myriaden an Gesundheitsherausforderungen zu sein, welche die Welt bedrängen, hauptsächlich nach der Covid – 19 Pandemie. Während Consumer Health Informatics (ConsHI) eine Menge verspricht, besteht ein Mangel an Modellen zur Bewertung der Annahme dieser Konzepte in verschiedenen Ländern, insbesondere Entwicklungsländern. Auch sind die zahlreichen Modelle der Annahme von Technologie und von Gesundheitsfürsorge uneinheitlich und der kritische Bedarf an einem zusammengesetzten Modell ist mehr ausgeprägt denn je. Diese Studie zielt darauf ab, Faktoren zu bewerten, die die Annahme von ConsHI in low-middle income countries (LMICs) zu erleichtern und die vorherrschenden Faktoren zu modellieren, welche Vorhersagen über die Reife ihrer Bürger für die Annahme von ConsHI treffen. Methoden: Wir haben eine umfassende Suche danach durchgeführt, wie Laien in Entwicklungs- wie in entwickelten Ländern IKT für ihre Gesundheit einsetzten und haben aus vielen Optionen drei wesentliche Modelle identifiziert. Die Modelle waren Unified Theory of Acceptance and Utilisation of Technology (UTAUT), Patient Activation Measure (PAM) und Consumer Health Informatics (ConsHI) Modelle, welche die individuelle Annahme und Teilnahme an Technologie und Gesundheitsfürsorge parallel überprüften. Wir haben unter Nutzung dieser drei Modelle ein zusammengesetztes Modell entwickelt. Wir haben es anschließend mittels Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test und Item Response Theory validiert. Wir haben eine mehrstufige ad-hoc-Datensammlung (convenience sampling) durchgeführt, um den Fragebogen 1800 Befragten aus sechs LMICs in einer Querschnittserhebung vorzulegen. Die Befragten waren z.T. gesund, z.T. bei eingeschränkter Gesundheit, 18 Jahre oder älter – der Rücklauf war fast 100%, von einigen fehlenden Daten abgesehen, da die Untersucher die Erhebungsblätter persönlich vorlegten. Die Daten wurden sowohl mit explorativen wie auch konformativen Faktoranalyse-Techniken analysiert, so zum Beispiel partial least square structural equation models in Rstudio und SmartPLS 4.0, je nach Gegebenheit. Unser Datensatz erfüllte alle Grundannahmen der explorativen und konfirmativen Faktorenanalyse ohne signifikante Probleme. Aus der explorativen Faktorenanalyse haben wir Faktoren (e – factors) extrahiert und Fakten aus empirischen Modellen (t – factors) gegenübergestellt. Auch haben wir mittels Strukturgleichungsmodellen Reifefaktoren (m – factors) aus den t – factors zusammengestellt. Ergebnisse: Wir haben zwei hauptsächliche Ergebnisse erzielt. Zunächst, in einer Voruntersuchung, haben wir einen Fragebogen mit 43 Items, gestaltet als 5-Punkt-Likert-Items zusammengestellt und validiert und acht demographische Items hnzugefügt, als Moderatoren der m – factors zur Vorhersage der ConsHI-Reife. Zum zweiten haben wir aus dem Datensatz sechs explorative Faktoren als erleichternde Elemente für ConsHI extrahiert. Die e – factors waren wesentlich durch ein Gestaltexperiment gekennzeichnet und spiegelten die drei theoretischen Faktoren (t – factors) unseres Modells wider. Wir haben auch konfirmative Modellierung höherer Ordnung angewandt, um vier m – factors (Aptitute, Attitude, Confidence und Motivation) als Prädiktoren der Reife von Bürgern in LMICs zusammenzusetzen. Attitude (Haltung) trug am meisten zur Vorhersage der Reife von Bürgern in LMICs bei, aptitude (Eignung) am wenigsten. Die prädiktive Relevanz und Stärke des Modells wurden validiert und waren auf dem 95%-Konfidenzniveau signifikant. Zu beachten ist, dass eine Mehrgruppenanalyse die statistische Signifikanz der beobachteten Heterogenität und den moderierenden Effekt mehrerer demogrpahischer Variablen, wie z.B. Alter, die Vorhersehbarkeit für ConsHI in LMICs bestätigten. Schlüsse: Soweit es uns bekannt ist, ist unsere Studie ein Vorreiter, indem sie ein zusammengesetztes Modell aus UTAUT, PAM und ConsHI erstellt; diese Forschung macht die Notwendigkeit von Politikformulierung zur Maximierung der Technologie in der Gesundheitsversorgung und zur Optimierung eines ausgeweiteten Zugangs zu mobiler Telefonie zum zentralen Thema. Die Studie hat ein prädiktives lineares Modell zur Bestimmung der Reife von Bürgern in LMICs für ConsHI formuliert. Die Ad-Hoc-Datenerhebung war eine wichtige Einschränkung der Studie; als Querschnittstudie, da sich Faktoren mit der Zeit ändern, könnten ihr auch dynamische Umgebungsfaktoren entgangen sein. Wir empfehlen, dass künftige Studien Zufallsstichprobenvefahren anwenden, und Anstrengungen, aktive Techniken in einer Verhaltensstudie zu verwenden, würden auch helfen. Schlüsselwörter: Verbrauchergesundheitsinformatik, Moderatoren, Reife der Bürger von LMICs, Ländern mit niedrigem mittlerem Einkommen und Vorhersagemodell

Exploring the determinants of organisational e-commerce adoption : an analysis of e-readiness and technological and behavioural control factors using PLS-SEM and multinomial regression

E-Commerce technologies are widely adopted by organisations for increased efficiency and competitive edge in both public and private sectors. Statistical evidence shows that E-Commerce adoption in developing economies is low and firms in these regions face adoption challenges distinct from those in developed countries. However, despite some shared challenges generalisation of results from one developing country to the other requires great caution. The term “Developing Countries” is not distinctive and a significant variance in socio-economic factors exists in this block. Given the sensitivity of E-Commerce adoption to such factors, country-specific research is required for better understanding. E-commerce is a driver of economic growth and e-commerce adoption by developing countries is not only essential for their prosperity but is also pivotal for sustainable global economic development in an interconnected world. Pakistan holds significant potential to boost the global economy, yet its E-Commerce adoption trails behind several regional players. The literature survey reveals a scarcity of high-quality Pakistan-based studies, with many failing to adhere to statistical and general research principles. Most of these studies focus on “usual suspects” and terminate at the initial adoption of organisational E-Commerce. This quantitative study utilised correlational and classification techniques to investigate the influence of more pertinent factors on firm-level ECommerce adoption within the unique context of Pakistan. By empirically testing four models developed using constructs from the Perceived E-Commerce Readiness Model (PERM), Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), and Technology, Organisation, Environment (TOE), the study addressed four research questions. A distinct feature of this study is the comparison of E-Commerce adoption decisions in public and private sectors, providing insights into potential disparities and unique challenges faced by each sector. A range of univariate and multivariate techniques were used in the study including Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) and Multinominal Logistic Regression. Using the stratified sampling technique questionnaires were sent to potential respondents in two phases. The impact of E-readiness factors was examined using 448 valid responses received in phase 1. In the second phase, 347 valid responses were received, which were then used to examine the effects of technological and behavioural factors on an organisation's E-Commerce adoption decision. The study found that the E-Readiness of “Business Resources”, “Technical Resources”, “Government”, “Governance”, and “Support Industry”, along with “Awareness” about E-Commerce and “Commitment” impact E-Commerce adoption. Among Technological and Behavioural Control Factors, Perceived Behavioural Control, “Perceived Compatibility”, “Relative Advantage” and “Perceived Security” were found positively related to E-Commerce adoption in Pakistan. The study also identified the relevance of factors at different stages of organisational E-Commerce adoption. While some factors remained relevant in all stages, their impact varied in magnitude at different levels of E-Commerce adoption in organisations. The study also highlighted some interesting differences between the public and private sectors. Private sector organisations scored higher in terms of perceived E-Readiness, Technological and Behavioural Control Factors. ECommerce adoption cost was found relevant only in the private sector as in the public sector its effect was statistically insignificant. In terms of magnitude, relative advantage and cost acceptability were found more strongly and statistically significantly related to organisational E-Commerce adoption in the private sector compared to the public sector. This study contributed to existing knowledge by explaining the variance in organisational E-commerce adoption decisions, incorporating E-readiness alongside various technological and behavioural factors. A systematic survey was essential to address the research questions effectively, resulting in a comprehensive literature review specifically focused on the context of Pakistan. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for decision-makers at both the national and organisational levels for the promotion of E-Commerce in Pakistan. This study highlighted the importance of E-Readiness, Technological, and Behavioural control factors, paving the way for future research to develop concise scales for auditing these factors and potentially integrating them into a unified model.E-Commerce technologies are widely adopted by organisations for increased efficiency and competitive edge in both public and private sectors. Statistical evidence shows that E-Commerce adoption in developing economies is low and firms in these regions face adoption challenges distinct from those in developed countries. However, despite some shared challenges generalisation of results from one developing country to the other requires great caution. The term “Developing Countries” is not distinctive and a significant variance in socio-economic factors exists in this block. Given the sensitivity of E-Commerce adoption to such factors, country-specific research is required for better understanding. E-commerce is a driver of economic growth and e-commerce adoption by developing countries is not only essential for their prosperity but is also pivotal for sustainable global economic development in an interconnected world. Pakistan holds significant potential to boost the global economy, yet its E-Commerce adoption trails behind several regional players. The literature survey reveals a scarcity of high-quality Pakistan-based studies, with many failing to adhere to statistical and general research principles. Most of these studies focus on “usual suspects” and terminate at the initial adoption of organisational E-Commerce. This quantitative study utilised correlational and classification techniques to investigate the influence of more pertinent factors on firm-level ECommerce adoption within the unique context of Pakistan. By empirically testing four models developed using constructs from the Perceived E-Commerce Readiness Model (PERM), Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), and Technology, Organisation, Environment (TOE), the study addressed four research questions. A distinct feature of this study is the comparison of E-Commerce adoption decisions in public and private sectors, providing insights into potential disparities and unique challenges faced by each sector. A range of univariate and multivariate techniques were used in the study including Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) and Multinominal Logistic Regression. Using the stratified sampling technique questionnaires were sent to potential respondents in two phases. The impact of E-readiness factors was examined using 448 valid responses received in phase 1. In the second phase, 347 valid responses were received, which were then used to examine the effects of technological and behavioural factors on an organisation's E-Commerce adoption decision. The study found that the E-Readiness of “Business Resources”, “Technical Resources”, “Government”, “Governance”, and “Support Industry”, along with “Awareness” about E-Commerce and “Commitment” impact E-Commerce adoption. Among Technological and Behavioural Control Factors, Perceived Behavioural Control, “Perceived Compatibility”, “Relative Advantage” and “Perceived Security” were found positively related to E-Commerce adoption in Pakistan. The study also identified the relevance of factors at different stages of organisational E-Commerce adoption. While some factors remained relevant in all stages, their impact varied in magnitude at different levels of E-Commerce adoption in organisations. The study also highlighted some interesting differences between the public and private sectors. Private sector organisations scored higher in terms of perceived E-Readiness, Technological and Behavioural Control Factors. ECommerce adoption cost was found relevant only in the private sector as in the public sector its effect was statistically insignificant. In terms of magnitude, relative advantage and cost acceptability were found more strongly and statistically significantly related to organisational E-Commerce adoption in the private sector compared to the public sector. This study contributed to existing knowledge by explaining the variance in organisational E-commerce adoption decisions, incorporating E-readiness alongside various technological and behavioural factors. A systematic survey was essential to address the research questions effectively, resulting in a comprehensive literature review specifically focused on the context of Pakistan. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for decision-makers at both the national and organisational levels for the promotion of E-Commerce in Pakistan. This study highlighted the importance of E-Readiness, Technological, and Behavioural control factors, paving the way for future research to develop concise scales for auditing these factors and potentially integrating them into a unified model

Data mining industry : emerging trends and new opportunities

Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, June 2000."May 2000."Includes bibliographical references (leaves 170-179).by Walter Alberto Aldana.M.Eng

Technology innovation management in the Nigerian banking industry: integrating stakeholders' perspectives, an exploration of strategy and policy implications.

Technology innovation is one of the defining attributes of the 21st century. The banking sector amongst other key sectors has embraced the use of new technologies to offer electronic banking (e-banking) services. E-banking has been introduced in various economies of the world as a way of delivering effective and efficient banking services. Despite the several benefits of e-banking technologies, many individual bank customers in Nigeria have not adopted most of the available channels. ATM has remained the most patronized compared to other channels such as the point of sales (POS), online banking and the mobile banking. Promotional offers and various publicity for these platforms by commercial banks as well as the introduction of the cash policy which made the use of these platforms mandatory have not yielded substantial outcome. Therefore, the researcher set out to carry out two interrelated studies in a bid to explore the levels of e-banking adoption by individual bank customers in Nigeria. Firstly, a comparative analysis of the starting conditions of e-banking in Nigeria and the UK was carried out using secondary sources of data. The second part of the study examined the significance of an extended model of Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DIT) on e-banking adoption in Nigeria. This extended model entails the addition of cost variables to the mix of Rogerss five attributes of innovation diffusion (i.e. Relative Advantage, Complexity, Compatibility, Trialability and Observability). Cost variables according to this study are the three types of switching costs, the available complementary assets and the usefulness of available services. Based on this DIT extended model, adoption levels of five e-banking platforms: ATM; POS; Online banking; Mobile banking and telephone banking services were investigated. Data for this study were obtained from both the service providers (the commercial banks) and the service users (individual customers). NVivo 10 was used to analyse the qualitative data while ordinal regression modelling was utilised to analyse the quantitative data obtained. According to the findings of this research, the security of the platforms, need for a strategic enlightenment campaign as well as infrastructural development (i.e. internet and electricity) are the three key factors that are fundamental to increase adoption of e-banking platforms in Nigeria. Findings also reveal the peculiarity of each of the e-banking platforms as different variables significantly predict uptake of individual platforms while Compatibility, Observability, Gender and Education emerged as significant predictors of ATM. Compatibility, Trialability Procedural Switching Cost and Gender predict POS patronage. For online banking, Compatibility, Procedural Switching Cost, Gender and Education emerged as significant predictors of this platform while Financial Switching Cost, Relational Switching Cost, Age and Education significantly predict the use of mobile banking. Telephone banking is not currently available to individual bank customers in Nigeria and as such further discussions on the quantitative output were discontinued. Following the expert witness feedback of these key findings, the researcher concludes that it is imperative to critically assess the availability of the enabling mechanisms/structure before introducing an innovation such as e-banking. The importance of this assessment is to evaluate and carefully direct the approach to that which fits such innovation. Underestimating or ignoring the impact of these fundamental structures usually have a negative impact on adoption as evident in the findings of this research which pointed that the current level of infrastructure of the country does not support the uptake of this innovation. This study also concludes that, the security of the platforms, the development of e-banking enlightenment campaign and infrastructural inadequacies should be addressed. Furthermore, attempts to unify or adopt a singular approach to increase e-banking patronage will not yield a significant result because each platform is unique. Thus, subsequent governmental policies and the CBN dictates on e-banking adoption should be formulated or modified based on the consideration of the enabling mechanism. Banks should adopt specific strategies towards increasing the patronage each platform

Double or divergent? Stuntingoverweightness among children and the ‘burden’ of malnutrition: a study of Albania

Today, researchers and policy makers alike are increasingly concerned about the “double burden of malnutrition” in low and middle income countries (LMICs). This ‘double burden’ is understood to be the coexistence of under- and overnutrition within one population. The definition of a ‘double burden’ relies upon the existence of chronic undernutrition among children (indicated by stunting – where children are shorter than expected for their age) and the existence of overnutrition in children or adults (child overweightness as indicated by a greater weight than expected for a given height and adult overweightness/obesity as indicated by a greater weight than height). However, research has failed to consider that children can be concurrently stunted and overweight – known here as ‘stuntingoverweightness’. In failing to consider stuntingoverweightness, the prevalence of stunting and overweightness among children has been overestimated at the population level. Stuntedoverweight children have been ‘double counted’ – once as stunted and once as overweight. This has severe implications for our understanding of malnutrition in LMICs today. The polarisation of malnutrition among children of under- and overnutrition has been exaggerated and a whole group of children have become hidden – the stuntedoverweight. This research addresses this issue. Recalculating stunting and overweightness prevalence accounting for stuntingoverweightness this research shows that, today in LMICs, up to 10.42% of children under-five are stuntedoverweight – yet no policies or programmes exist to understand the determinants of stuntingoverweightness, its effects or how to alleviate them. An individual level analysis of Albania shows stuntedoverweight children are a separate socioeconomic group and should thus be targeted for interventions separately from their stunted and overweight peers. Furthermore, failing to recognise stuntingoverweightness has led to overestimations of the burden of stunting by up to 88.54% (in Albania) and of overweight by up to 295.26% (in Benin) and skewing our understanding of the ‘burden of malnutrition’ in LMICs. The thesis shows that for nutritional strategies to be effective – research needs to consider the diverse burden of malnutrition observed in LMICs today

ADVOCACY AND WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN LAGOS AND OGUN STATES, NIGERIA (1999-2015)

The need to promote and protect women’s rights has occupied the frontline of global development agenda for over four decades. From the Millennium Development Goals (SDGs) to the ongoing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the gender question and its intersection with women’s rights have been linked with the attainment of sustainable development around the world. Despite the use of varied unilateral and multilateral advocacy tools by state and non-state actors in addressing the question of women’s rights over the years, violation of women’s rights is still on the increase. In Nigeria, civil and political rights of women are underrepresented in governance and leadership position. Similarly, economic and socio-cultural rights of women remain deplorable due to the consequences of urban renewal efforts, discriminatory cultural beliefs, and gender biased laws (for example section 353 and 360 of the Criminal Code). This study, relying on feminist theoretical framework, which emphasizes the necessity of respect and protection of women as vulnerable, marginalized, and oppressed group, examines the effectiveness or otherwise of selected advocacy tools (namely E-advocacy, celebrity advocacy, non-profit and policy advocacy) in the promotion and protection of women’s Civil and Political Rights (CPR), and Economic, Cultural and Social (ECOSOC) rights in Lagos and Ogun States Nigeria, between 1999 and 2015.The study employed a mixed method design which include 614 structured questionnaire, 5 Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and 15 interviews to investigate the effectiveness of these advocacy tools. The formulated hypotheses was tested using logistic correlation, cross tabulation, and chi-square, while the qualitative data gathered from interview and FGD sessions were transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis and narrative techniques. The research findings revealed that a critical and creative engagement of the four advocacy tools selected for the study could be useful in promoting women’s rights but not necessarily in enforcing protection. This was corroborated by empirical data gleaned from the use of primary sources adopted above. The challenges of advocacy in protecting women’s rights amongst others was due to discriminatory nature of the tripartite legal system in Nigeria, overriding influence of religion and patriarchy, inability to domesticate international legal frameworks well as the lack of political will to make gender question a national priority. The study further showed that most respondents and key informants considered E-advocacy as the most viable tool for promoting women’s rights although the effectiveness of e-advocacy could be limited by issues of access, availability and affordability. The study recommends amongst others that E- advocacy as well as other advocacy tools studied, all of which constitute promotional tools should be complemented with the instrument of protection such as strengthening the democratic institution (i.e judiciary, executive,) with capacity and modern technological tool to promote and enforce women’s rights, repeal discriminatory laws and code, and empower the law enforcement agencies to deliver on their mandate of protecting women’s rights in all its ramification

Resource Management in Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC)

This PhD thesis investigates the effective ways of managing the resources of a Multi-Access Edge Computing Platform (MEC) in 5th Generation Mobile Communication (5G) networks. The main characteristics of MEC include distributed nature, proximity to users, and high availability. Based on these key features, solutions have been proposed for effective resource management. In this research, two aspects of resource management in MEC have been addressed. They are the computational resource and the caching resource which corresponds to the services provided by the MEC. MEC is a new 5G enabling technology proposed to reduce latency by bringing cloud computing capability closer to end-user Internet of Things (IoT) and mobile devices. MEC would support latency-critical user applications such as driverless cars and e-health. These applications will depend on resources and services provided by the MEC. However, MEC has limited computational and storage resources compared to the cloud. Therefore, it is important to ensure a reliable MEC network communication during resource provisioning by eradicating the chances of deadlock. Deadlock may occur due to a huge number of devices contending for a limited amount of resources if adequate measures are not put in place. It is crucial to eradicate deadlock while scheduling and provisioning resources on MEC to achieve a highly reliable and readily available system to support latency-critical applications. In this research, a deadlock avoidance resource provisioning algorithm has been proposed for industrial IoT devices using MEC platforms to ensure higher reliability of network interactions. The proposed scheme incorporates Banker’s resource-request algorithm using Software Defined Networking (SDN) to reduce communication overhead. Simulation and experimental results have shown that system deadlock can be prevented by applying the proposed algorithm which ultimately leads to a more reliable network interaction between mobile stations and MEC platforms. Additionally, this research explores the use of MEC as a caching platform as it is proclaimed as a key technology for reducing service processing delays in 5G networks. Caching on MEC decreases service latency and improve data content access by allowing direct content delivery through the edge without fetching data from the remote server. Caching on MEC is also deemed as an effective approach that guarantees more reachability due to proximity to endusers. In this regard, a novel hybrid content caching algorithm has been proposed for MEC platforms to increase their caching efficiency. The proposed algorithm is a unification of a modified Belady’s algorithm and a distributed cooperative caching algorithm to improve data access while reducing latency. A polynomial fit algorithm with Lagrange interpolation is employed to predict future request references for Belady’s algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm obtains 4% more cache hits due to its selective caching approach when compared with case study algorithms. Results also show that the use of a cooperative algorithm can improve the total cache hits up to 80%. Furthermore, this thesis has also explored another predictive caching scheme to further improve caching efficiency. The motivation was to investigate another predictive caching approach as an improvement to the formal. A Predictive Collaborative Replacement (PCR) caching framework has been proposed as a result which consists of three schemes. Each of the schemes addresses a particular problem. The proactive predictive scheme has been proposed to address the problem of continuous change in cache popularity trends. The collaborative scheme addresses the problem of cache redundancy in the collaborative space. Finally, the replacement scheme is a solution to evict cold cache blocks and increase hit ratio. Simulation experiment has shown that the replacement scheme achieves 3% more cache hits than existing replacement algorithms such as Least Recently Used, Multi Queue and Frequency-based replacement. PCR algorithm has been tested using a real dataset (MovieLens20M dataset) and compared with an existing contemporary predictive algorithm. Results show that PCR performs better with a 25% increase in hit ratio and a 10% CPU utilization overhead

Relationships Among Dimensions of Information System Success and Benefits of Cloud

Despite the many benefits offered by cloud computing’s design architecture, there are many fundamental performance challenges for IT managers to manage cloud infrastructures to meet business expectations effectively. Grounded in the information systems success model, the purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to evaluate the relationships among the perception of information quality, perception of system quality, perception of service quality, perception of system use, perception of user satisfaction, and net benefits of cloud computing services. The participants (n = 137) were IT cloud services managers in the United States, who completed the DeLone and McLean ISS authors’ validated survey instrument. The multiple regression finding were signification, F(5, 131) = 85.16, p \u3c .001, R2 = 0.76. In the final model, perception of information quality (β = .188, t = 2.844, p \u3c .05), perception of service quality (β = .178, t = 2.102, p \u3c .05), and perception of user satisfaction (β = .379, t = 5.024, p \u3c .001) were statistically significant; perception of system quality and perception of system use were not statistically significant. A recommendation is for IT managers to implement comprehensive customer evaluation of the cloud service(s) to meet customer expectations and afford satisfaction. The implications for positive social change include decision-makers in healthcare, human services, social services, and other critical service organizations better understand the vital predictors of attitude toward system use and user satisfaction of customer-facing cloud-based applications