511 research outputs found
Positioning of High-speed Trains using 5G New Radio Synchronization Signals
We study positioning of high-speed trains in 5G new radio (NR) networks by
utilizing specific NR synchronization signals. The studies are based on
simulations with 3GPP-specified radio channel models including path loss,
shadowing and fast fading effects. The considered positioning approach exploits
measurement of Time-Of-Arrival (TOA) and Angle-Of-Departure (AOD), which are
estimated from beamformed NR synchronization signals. Based on the given
measurements and the assumed train movement model, the train position is
tracked by using an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), which is able to handle the
non-linear relationship between the TOA and AOD measurements, and the estimated
train position parameters. It is shown that in the considered scenario the TOA
measurements are able to achieve better accuracy compared to the AOD
measurements. However, as shown by the results, the best tracking performance
is achieved, when both of the measurements are considered. In this case, a very
high, sub-meter, tracking accuracy can be achieved for most (>75%) of the
tracking time, thus achieving the positioning accuracy requirements envisioned
for the 5G NR. The pursued high-accuracy and high-availability positioning
technology is considered to be in a key role in several envisioned HST use
cases, such as mission-critical autonomous train systems.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, IEEE WCNC 2018 (Wireless Communications and
Networking Conference
Architecture, Protocols, and Algorithms for Location-Aware Services in Beyond 5G Networks
The automotive and railway industries are rapidly transforming with a strong
drive towards automation and digitalization, with the goal of increased
convenience, safety, efficiency, and sustainability. Since assisted and fully
automated automotive and train transport services increasingly rely on
vehicle-to-everything communications, and high-accuracy real-time positioning,
it is necessary to continuously maintain high-accuracy localization, even in
occlusion scenes such as tunnels, urban canyons, or areas covered by dense
foliage. In this paper, we review the 5G positioning framework of the 3rd
Generation Partnership Project in terms of methods and architecture and propose
enhancements to meet the stringent requirements imposed by the transport
industry. In particular, we highlight the benefit of fusing cellular and sensor
measurements and discuss required architecture and protocol support for
achieving this at the network side. We also propose a positioning framework to
fuse cellular network measurements with measurements by onboard sensors. We
illustrate the viability of the proposed fusion-based positioning approach
using a numerical example.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in IEEE Communications
Standards Magazin
6G Enabled Advanced Transportation Systems
The 6th generation (6G) wireless communication network is envisaged to be
able to change our lives drastically, including transportation. In this paper,
two ways of interactions between 6G communication networks and transportation
are introduced. With the new usage scenarios and capabilities 6G is going to
support, passengers on all sorts of transportation systems will be able to get
data more easily, even in the most remote areas on the planet. The quality of
communication will also be improved significantly, thanks to the advanced
capabilities of 6G. On top of providing seamless and ubiquitous connectivity to
all forms of transportation, 6G will also transform the transportation systems
to make them more intelligent, more efficient, and safer. Based on the latest
research and standardization progresses, technical analysis on how 6G can
empower advanced transportation systems are provided, as well as challenges and
insights for a possible road ahead.Comment: Submitted to an open access journa
A Survey of Positioning Systems Using Visible LED Lights
© 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.As Global Positioning System (GPS) cannot provide satisfying performance in indoor environments, indoor positioning technology, which utilizes indoor wireless signals instead of GPS signals, has grown rapidly in recent years. Meanwhile, visible light communication (VLC) using light devices such as light emitting diodes (LEDs) has been deemed to be a promising candidate in the heterogeneous wireless networks that may collaborate with radio frequencies (RF) wireless networks. In particular, light-fidelity has a great potential for deployment in future indoor environments because of its high throughput and security advantages. This paper provides a comprehensive study of a novel positioning technology based on visible white LED lights, which has attracted much attention from both academia and industry. The essential characteristics and principles of this system are deeply discussed, and relevant positioning algorithms and designs are classified and elaborated. This paper undertakes a thorough investigation into current LED-based indoor positioning systems and compares their performance through many aspects, such as test environment, accuracy, and cost. It presents indoor hybrid positioning systems among VLC and other systems (e.g., inertial sensors and RF systems). We also review and classify outdoor VLC positioning applications for the first time. Finally, this paper surveys major advances as well as open issues, challenges, and future research directions in VLC positioning systems.Peer reviewe
Towards the Internet of Smart Trains: A Review on Industrial IoT-Connected Railways
[Abstract] Nowadays, the railway industry is in a position where it is able to exploit the opportunities created by the IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) and enabling communication technologies under the paradigm of Internet of Trains. This review details the evolution of communication technologies since the deployment of GSM-R, describing the main alternatives and how railway requirements, specifications and recommendations have evolved over time. The advantages of the latest generation of broadband communication systems (e.g., LTE, 5G, IEEE 802.11ad) and the emergence of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for the railway environment are also explained together with the strategic roadmap to ensure a smooth migration from GSM-R. Furthermore, this survey focuses on providing a holistic approach, identifying scenarios and architectures where railways could leverage better commercial IIoT capabilities. After reviewing the main industrial developments, short and medium-term IIoT-enabled services for smart railways are evaluated. Then, it is analyzed the latest research on predictive maintenance, smart infrastructure, advanced monitoring of assets, video surveillance systems, railway operations, Passenger and Freight Information Systems (PIS/FIS), train control systems, safety assurance, signaling systems, cyber security and energy efficiency. Overall, it can be stated that the aim of this article is to provide a detailed examination of the state-of-the-art of different technologies and services that will revolutionize the railway industry and will allow for confronting today challenges.Galicia. ConsellerÃa de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria; ED431C 2016-045Galicia. ConsellerÃa de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria; ED341D R2016/012Galicia. ConsellerÃa de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria; ED431G/01Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España); TEC2013-47141-C4-1-RAgencia Estatal de Investigación (España); TEC2015-69648-REDCAgencia Estatal de Investigación (España); TEC2016-75067-C4-1-
Statistical Approaches for Initial Access in mmWave 5G Systems
mmWave communication systems overcome high attenuation by using multiple
antennas at both the transmitter and the receiver to perform beamforming. Upon
entrance of a user equipment (UE) into a cell a scanning procedure must be
performed by the base station in order to find the UE, in what is known as
initial access (IA) procedure. In this paper we start from the observation that
UEs are more likely to enter from some directions than from others, as they
typically move along streets, while other movements are impossible due to the
presence of obstacles. Moreover, users are entering with a given time
statistics, for example described by inter-arrival times. In this context we
propose scanning strategies for IA that take into account the entrance
statistics. In particular, we propose two approaches: a memory-less random
illumination (MLRI) algorithm and a statistic and memory-based illumination
(SMBI) algorithm. The MLRI algorithm scans a random sector in each slot, based
on the statistics of sector entrance, without memory. The SMBI algorithm
instead scans sectors in a deterministic sequence selected according to the
statistics of sector entrance and time of entrance, and taking into account the
fact that the user has not yet been discovered (thus including memory). We
assess the performance of the proposed methods in terms of average discovery
time
Grid-based Hybrid 3DMA GNSS and Terrestrial Positioning
The paper discusses the increasing use of hybridized sensor information for
GNSS-based localization and navigation, including the use of 3D map-aided GNSS
positioning and terrestrial systems based on different geometric measurement
principles. However, both GNSS and terrestrial systems are subject to negative
impacts from the propagation environment, which can violate the assumptions of
conventionally applied parametric state estimators. Furthermore, dynamic
parametric state estimation does not account for multi-modalities within the
state space leading to an information loss within the prediction step. In
addition, the synchronization of non-deterministic multi-rate measurement
systems needs to be accounted.
In order to address these challenges, the paper proposes the use of a
non-parametric filtering method, specifically a 3DMA multi-epoch Grid Filter,
for the tight integration of GNSS and terrestrial signals. Specifically, the
fusion of GNSS, Ultra-wide Band (UWB) and vehicle motion data is introduced
based on a discrete state representation. Algorithmic challenges, including the
use of different measurement models and time synchronization, are addressed. In
order to evaluate the proposed method, real-world tests were conducted on an
urban automotive testbed in both static and dynamic scenarios.
We empirically show that we achieve sub-meter accuracy in the static scenario
by averaging a positioning error of m, whereas in the dynamic scenario
the average positioning error amounts to m.
The paper provides a proof-of-concept of the introduced method and shows the
feasibility of the inclusion of terrestrial signals in a 3DMA positioning
framework in order to further enhance localization in GNSS-degraded
environments
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