Rural population groups

Publication authorized February 28, 1925.Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references

Endogenous population subgroups: the best population partition and optimal number of groups

The aim of this paper is to suggest a method to find endogenously the points that group the individuals of a given distribution in k clusters, where k is endogenously determined. These points are the cut-points. Thus, we need to determine a partition of the N individuals into a number k of groups, in such way that individuals in the same group are as alike as possible, but as distinct as possible from individuals in other groups. This method can be applied to endogenously identify k groups in income distributions: possible applications can be povertystopping rule, optimal grouping, Gini index

Attitudes Toward Breast Cancer Genetic Testing in Five Special Population Groups

Purpose: This study examined interest in and attitudes toward genetic testing in 5 different population groups. Methods: The survey included African American, Asian American, Latina, Native American, and Appalachian women with varying familial histories of breast cancer. A total of 49 women were interviewed in person. Descriptive and nonparametric statistical techniques were used to assess ethnic group differences. Results: Overall, interest in testing was high. All groups endorsed more benefits than risks. There were group differences regarding endorsement of specific benefits and risks: testing to “follow doctor recommendations” (p=0.017), “concern for effects on family” (p=0.044), “distrust of modern medicine” (p=0.036), “cost” (p=0.025), and “concerns about communication of results to others” (p=0.032). There was a significant inverse relationship between interest and genetic testing cost (p Conclusion: Cost may be an important barrier to obtaining genetic testing services, and participants would benefit by genetic counseling that incorporates the unique cultural values and beliefs of each group to create an individualized, culturally competent program. Further research about attitudes toward genetic testing is needed among Asian Americans, Native Americans, and Appalachians for whom data are severely lacking. Future study of the different Latina perceptions toward genetic testing are encouraged

The Size and Distribution of Two Minority Population Groups in Texas

The Size and Distribution of Two Minority Population Groups in TexasBureau of Business Researc

Psychological type preferences of Christian groups : comparison with the UK population norms

A sample of 246 male and 380 female participants in courses about psychological type theory in a Christian context completed Form G (Anglicised) of the Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator® (MBTI®) instrument. The male Christians demonstrated clear preferences for Introversion, Sensing, Thinking, and Judging. The female Christians demonstrated clear preferences for Introversion, Sensing, Feeling, and Judging. The predominant type among the men was ISTJ (18%) and the predominant type among the women was ISFJ (21%). The type preferences of the current samples were statistically compared with the United Kingdom population norms. The male Christians preferred Intuition and Judging significantly more frequently than the male UK population norms, and the female Christians preferred Introversion, Intuition, and Judging significantly more frequently than the female UK population norms

Molecular-genetic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains spread in different patient groups in St.Petersburg (Russia)

Molecular epidemiological features of M.tuberculosis strains spread among different patient groups in Russia is not studied well. The aim of our study was to compare genotypes of M.tuberculosis strains circulating among TB patients from different groups: homeless, HIV-infected, prisoners and general population of St.Petersburg citizens. 
One hundred fifty M.tuberculosis complex isolates from different TB patient groups were studied using spoligotyping method. 
The majority of studied M.tuberculosis isolates in all groups belonged to Beijing family (56% among homeless; 77% among HIV-infected; 60% among general population; 83% among prisoners). There were no significant difference in Beijing family prevalence among homeless patients, HIV/TB co-infected and general population of TB patients. The lowest genetic diversity of the pathogen was detected among imprisoned patients. 
Results of our study demonstrate that M.tuberculosis strains circulating among homeless and HIV-infected people are also spread among general population of St.Petersburg citizens. Thus, we have investigated participation of high-risk groups in the TB infection spread in the city

Tuberculosis in Malta : thirty-five years of epidemiological trends in the native population

Malta, the smallest island state in Europe, with an approximate population of 400,000, has one of the lowest reported incidence rates for tuberculosis (TB) in its native-born population.1 Long- term trends for TB among this population were investigated. A period of 35 years (1979-2013) for the Malta-born population was investigated using single-age population numbers for each year, retrospective, and partly prospective analysis of notified TB cases. Mean five-yearly populations were then used to calculate 5- yearly incidence rates for birth-cohorts, age-groups, major site and gender. Annual reported TB incidence rates were also calculated. In the Malta-born population, over the 35- year period, reported yearly TB incidence shows a downward, albeit decelerating trend. Consecutive follow-up of 5-year age-cohorts and 5-year age-groups confirms that incidence has fallen, with the highest rates being observed in progressively older age-groups. A falling trend in TB incidence according major site and gender was also observed. TB is being successfully controlled among the Malta-born population, and confirmed to be slowly approaching the elimination phase.peer-reviewe

Missing men and unacknowledged women: Explaining gender disparities in New Zealand’s prime adult age groups 1986 – 2006

Questions concerning the widening disparity in numbers of males and females in the prime working age groups in New Zealand’s population have attracted attention from researchers and the media in recent years. This paper reviews some of the findings from research for a FRST-funded programme that has been investigating several inequalities based on gender and ethnicity in New Zealand’s population. The analysis here complements and extends that in our paper published in the New Zealand Population Review in May 2006. Our main finding is that a complex combination of issues related to the way our stock (census) and flow (arrival/departure) data are used to compile population estimates (the base for population projections), have contributed to exaggerating apparent gender disparities in the 20-49 year age groups at successive censuses. There is no single explanation for this, and the main new finding from our analysis is that gender disparities in the prime adult age groups in New Zealand’s population are as much a function of ‘unacknowledged women’ as of ‘missing men’

The AGN Population in X-ray Selected Galaxy Groups at 0.5<z<1.10.5 < z < 1.1

We use Chandra data to study the incidence and properties of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) in 16 intermediate redshift ($0.5 < z < 1.1$) X-ray-selected galaxy groups in the Chandra Deep Field-South. We measure an AGN fraction of $f(L_{X,H} > 10^{42}; M_R<-20) = 8.0_{-2.3}^{+3.0}\%$ at $\bar{z} \sim 0.74$, approximately a factor of two higher than the AGN fraction found for rich clusters at comparable redshift. This extends the trend found at low redshift for groups to have higher AGN fractions than clusters. Our estimate of the AGN fraction is also more than a factor of 3 higher than that of low redshift X-ray-selected groups. Using optical spectra from various surveys, we also constrain the properties of emission-line selected AGN in these groups. Contrary to the large population of X-ray AGN ($N(L_{X,H} > 10^{41}$ erg/s) = 25), we find only 4 emission-line AGN, 3 of which are also X-ray bright. Furthermore, most of the X-ray AGN in our groups are optically-dull (i.e. lack strong emission-lines) similar to those found in low redshift X-ray groups and clusters of galaxies. This contrasts with the AGN population found in low redshift optically-selected groups which are dominated by emission-line AGN. The differences between the optically and X-ray-selected AGN populations in groups are consistent with a scenario where most AGN in the densest environments are currently in a low accretion state.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Ap