462 research outputs found
Modern meat: the next generation of meat from cells
Modern Meat is the first textbook on cultivated meat, with contributions from over 100 experts within the cultivated meat community.
The Sections of Modern Meat comprise 5 broad categories of cultivated meat: Context, Impact, Science, Society, and World.
The 19 chapters of Modern Meat, spread across these 5 sections, provide detailed entries on cultivated meat. They extensively tour a range of topics including the impact of cultivated meat on humans and animals, the bioprocess of cultivated meat production, how cultivated meat may become a food option in Space and on Mars, and how cultivated meat may impact the economy, culture, and tradition of Asia
LIPIcs, Volume 261, ICALP 2023, Complete Volume
LIPIcs, Volume 261, ICALP 2023, Complete Volum
Strawberry Production Guide For the Northeast, Midwest, and Eastern Canada 2nd Edition
This guide is intended as a comprehensive resource for both novice and experienced strawberry growers in northeastern North America. It provides information on all aspects of strawberry culture. The second edition has been updated and revised throughout, and includes expanded and new information on variety selection (Ch. 3), production systems (Ch. 4), harvesting, handling and transportation (Ch. 12), marketing (Ch. 13) and budgeting/economics (Ch. 14). In addition, a new section on diagnosing problems in strawberry plantings has been added (Ch. 15)
Public employment programmes and their contribution to service delivery and rural livelihoods in South Africa.
Doctoral Degree. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.ENGLISH ABSTRACT
Public Employment Programmes (PEPs) are considered an important and widespread social
protection tool to address the challenges of persistent unemployment and dire poverty. They
provide a ‘win-win’ policy option through job creation, while ensuring that assets are created
and services are delivered. In South Africa, the government implements the Expanded Public
Works Programme (EPWP), a countrywide PEP initiative which aims to provide job
opportunities and income transfer to unemployed people through productive work in the
delivery of community services and the creation of public assets, and thereby contributing to
community development. This is similar to PEPs elsewhere in the world. The impact of PEPs
in South Africa has mostly been measured based on their contributions to employment
opportunities. However, this creates a gap in the holistic measurement of the EPWP, as its
contribution to service delivery and asset creation by which people sustain their livelihoods is
not given as much attention. This study's objective was to evaluate and critically assess the role
of PEPs and their contribution to service delivery and rural livelihoods in South Africa.
A qualitative research method was adopted, using both the purposive and snowball sampling
strategies. Program Theory Evaluation (PTE) and the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework were
applied as the underpinning theoretical frameworks for this investigation. The study found that
the EPWP has positively contributed to service delivery and improvement in rural livelihoods
in South Africa. This was revealed by the three categories of research participants representing
EPWP workers, community informants, and government officials who are part of and play a
role in programme coordination and implementation. However, the study also revealed
challenges facing the programme. These include the flouting of some regulations governing the
programme, such as the payment of participants below the minimum wage rate, interference in
the recruitment of job-seekers, lack of proper planning, and inadequate human resources to
coordinate the programme from the EPWP implementing bodies. Furthermore, the study noted
the struggle to achieve the youth target by the programme, despite the soaring South Africa's
rate of youth unemployment.
On the basis of these findings, the study makes key recommendations to be considered in
addressing these challenges. They include the introduction of a national EPWP policy with
enforcement mechanisms, an improvement in the capacity of public bodies to coordinate and
implement the programme, the introduction of youth-focused programmes, and scaling up the
existing programmes. Finally, the study recommends that the government reconsider and re evaluate the EPWP in light of the current prevailing conditions of unemployment.
isiZULU ABSTRACT
Uhlelo Lwezemisebenzi Yomphakathi seluthathwa njengethuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu futhi
eselisetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi ukuvikele inhlalakahle yomphakathi kanye
nokubhekana nezinselelo zamazinga aphezulu okwentuleka kwemisebenzi nobubha. Loluhlelo
lukhobisa impumelelo nhlangothi zonke kwinqubo mgomo, ngoba ngesikhathi luletha
amathuba emisebenzi lubuye futhi lufeze izidingo zokwethulwa kosizo kanye nengqalazisinda
emphakathini. ENingizumu Afrika, uHulumeni wethula Uhlele Lwezemisebenzi Yemiphakathi
Olwengeziwe njengohlelo lukazwelonke oluhlose ukuletha amathuba emisebenzi yethutshana
kulabo abangasebenzi bese bethola imadlana ewumholo ekulethweni kwengqalasizinda kanye
nosizo emphakathini oluholela okuthuthukeni kwemiphakathi. Loluhlelo lwaseNingizumu
Afrika luyafana nezinye izinhlelo eziwuloluhlobo ezithulwa kwamanye amazwe. Imiphumela
yezinhlelo ezinje eNingizumu Afrika ihlezi icutshungulwa futhi ikalwa kakhulu
ngasohlangothini lokulethwa kwamathuba emisebenzi, okwenza kube nesikhewu esivulekayo
ekukalweni ngokuphelele kwemiphumela namagalelo aloluHlelo izimpilweni kanye
nasenhlalweni yemiphakathi, nokuthi leyongqalasizinda elethwe uHulumeni ngaphansi
kwaloluHlelo iyithuthukisa kanjani imiphakathi. Inhloso yalolucwaningo
ukubhekangokujulile, uhluze, ucubungule indima edlalwa yiloluhle lukaHulumeni kanye
namagalelo alo ekulethweni kwezinsiza kanye nengqalasizinda emphakathi yesemakhaya
nakwinhlalo mpilo yawo umphakathi kwizwe lonke lase eNingizumu Afrika.
Lolucwaningo luhlonze indlela yekhwalithethivu njengendlela oluzoqhutshwa ngayo, luphinde
lusebenzisa ngofunayo iphaphosivu kanye nesinobholi njengamasu namaqhinga ukuhlonza
labo abazoba yingxeye yalo. Lube seluqoka injulalwazi yokubheka nokucwaningwa
kwezinhlelo kanye nohlaka ulubhekele ukuthuthukiswa kwezimo zempilo oluqhubekayo
njengezinjulalwazi eziwumgogoda walolucwaningo. Ucwaningoke lubeseluveza ukuthi Uhlele
Lwezemisebenzi Yemiphakathi Olwengeziwe lube nemiphumela emihle ekulethweni
kwezidingo, iqhlalisizinda Kanye nokwenzancono inhlalompilo yabantu basemakhaya
eNingizimu Afrika. Lokho kuvezwe izigaba zontathu zalabo abebebambe iqhaza
kulolucwaningo kusukela kwisebenzi zalo belu loluhlelo, izisebenzi zikahulumeni ezengamele
loluhlelo kanye namalunga ophakathi aqavile. Kusenjalo, ucwaningo luphinde lwaveza
izingqinamba ezibhekene naloluhlelo okubalwa phezukwezinye: ukungalandelwa kwemigomo
ulawula loluhlehle ikakhulukazi uma kuqashwa abantu okumele bazosebenza,
nokungakhokhwa kwamaholo njengalokhu umthetho ubekile; lubuye lwaveza futhi ukuthi
akukho ukuhlelwa kahle okulandelayo izinhlaka ezihambisa loluhlelo, futhi zona lezizinhlaka
azinabo abantu abanele ukulwethula loluhlelo ngendlela efanele. Ucwaningo luphinde lwaveza
inselelo loluhlelo ebhekene nayo yokungakwazi ukufinyelela ezibalweni ezibekiwe zokuqasha
abantu abasha phezu kwezinga eliphezulu kakhula eNingizimu Afrika lokwentuleka
kwemisebenzi kubantu abasha.
Uma sekulandelwa, kubhekwa imiphumela yalolucwaningo, umcwaningi wethula
leziziphakamiso ekusizeni ezindwani lapho izinselelo sivezwekhona. Leziziphakamiso zifaka
ngaphezukokunye ukwethulwa komgomo kazwelonke obhekelele loluhlelo ozoba nezindlela
namandla wokuthi labo abasemagunyeni bangenelele uma kukhona okungahambi kahle;
kuphinde kuthuthukiswe inani labantu kanye nezinsiza ekwethuleni loluhlelo ezinhlakeni zonke
zikahulumeni ezibambe iqhaza kuloluhlelo; ucwaningi luphinde luphakamise ukuthi izinhlelo
eziqonde ngqo kubantu abasha zibekwe eqhulwini zethulwe, bese kuthi lezi ezikhona
zikhushulwe uma kuya kwinani labantu ukumele maqashwe. Ekugcineni ucwaningo
luphakamisa ukuthi uHulumeni aphinde alubukisise kabanzi loluhle ngenjongo yokuliyamanisa
nesikhathi isiphila kuso kanye nezinselelo ezikhona esikhathini samanje uma uqhathanisa
neminyaka esondele emashumini amabili lwasungulwa loluhlelo.Abstract available in English and isiZulu
Sustainable development challenges: global evidence and case studies in Vietnam, Indonesia, and Nigeria
As a global community, we have many overarching goals to improve living standards and the state of our natural environment. To achieve these goals, examining the evolving relationship between human systems and environmental change at the global, national, sub-national, and local level is fundamental. This PhD thesis contributes to the academic and policy discourse and aims to better understand the relationship between environment and development across multiple scales. The empirical studies assembled provide evidence across The Global South and present case studies in Vietnam, Indonesia, and Nigeria on the dynamic relationship people have with environmental change and climate risk. Chapter 1 provides a broad overview of environment and development and investigates the link between poverty and land ecosystems at the global scale. Chapter 2 conducts an empirical case study of multiple sustainable development challenges in Vietnam. Chapter 3 also relates to Vietnam and focuses on one environmental risk which poses a challenge to communities today and in the future: flood risk and climate change. Chapter 4 also focuses on flood impacts and moves beyond exposure to examine vulnerability and the ability to respond of households in Nigeria. Chapter 5 examines how households respond to a policy-induced environmental change, exploring the impact of a cooking fuel conversion program in Indonesia. The evidence gathered through the five chapters of this PhD thesis further strengthen the call to integrate environmental considerations in economic development and poverty reduction policies. Despite the challenges and uncertainties that lie ahead in an era of climate change, opportunities exist to support the livelihoods of the poorest, protect the environment, and build more resilient economic systems
Tacit knowledge in craft pedagogy: a sociological analysis
Though a very silent man he was so mild and calm that Ged soon lost his awe of him, and in a day or two he was bold enough to ask his master 'When will my apprenticeship begin, Sir?' 'It has begun', said Ogion. There was silence, as if Ged was keeping back something he had to say. Then he said it: 'But I haven't learned anything yet!' 'Because you haven't found out what I am teaching,' replied the mage. going on at his steady long-legged pace along their road ... From: The Earthsea Quartet, by Ursula /e Guin This thesis explores the relationship between tacit knowledge and a pedagogy that centres round a master-apprentice relationship, in order to locate tacit craft knowledge within a broader taxonomy of knowledge forms and their transmission practices. By its own definition tacit knowledge constitutes a unique class of phenomenon, namely that which is not presentable in language. It is thus a difficult concept to grasp and an even more difficult concept to represent in words. Evidence from a single qualitative case study on craft transmission practices m the institutional training centre of the Furniture Industry Training Board (known as the 'trade school') in Cape Town is presented and analysed in accordance with a conceptual scheme that derives from the earlier work of Basil Bernstein. Against the background of this analysis of craft pedagogy, the nature of the 'tacit' is explored through a detailed analysis of the evaluative requirements of the final trade test. Thereafter a conceptual model is developed to provide a theoretical explanation for the form that tacit craft knowledge takes. The findings show that strong external 'classification' and 'framing' relations (terms developed by Bernstein) constitute the trade school as a specialised context that is temporarily insulated from the work practices of mass production factories. It is a particular relation between work organisation, tool and materials usage, that retains the traditional craft or trade of cabinet making as the 'identity' recognised as legitimate in the trade school. Internal 'framing' displays two modalities. While strong macro pacing that resembles the daily routine in a factory is maintained throughout the five stages of the apprenticeship II curriculum, very weak initial framing over selection, sequencing and mtcro pacing allows apprentices to develop their own rhythms of work and to make their own decisions about task realisation. However, just before the end of the final stage and before apprentices take their final trade test framing over selection, sequencing and pacing is strengthened and made explicit. Evaluation criteria are very strongly framed in all stages of the apprenticeship curriculum. In terms of the regulative discourse of the trade school the master-apprentice relation is undoubtedly an asymmetrical relation that is mediated through a surrogate kinship role taken on by the master-trainer to exercise a form of positional control. The qualities of character and conduct that are transmitted are those of the autonomous artisan representing a collective craft tradition. The outcome of a strongly classified and framed craft pedagogy that centres round a masterapprentice relationship is found to be an external performance that is grounded or embedded in an internally held competence. Such internalised competence refers to a capacity for visualisation that acts as a proxy for a relationship between 'parts' and 'whole' that cannot be rendered in words. This relationship is held in the body and constitutes what can be called the 'tacit' in craft. The identity of the craft worker or 'tradesman' rests crucially on this combination of external performance and internalised time-space relation. Given this understanding of craft it becomes possible to describe craft as a restricted form of context independent 'knowledge' rather than merely as 'skill'. The conceptual model that is developed in the later part of the thesis locates craft as a form of knowledge that is independent of context in the sense that all craft knowledge realises an order of relation between the features of the object being made that is given by a particular embodied principle of arrangement. It is on this basis that craft takes its place in a systematic taxonomy of knowledge forms, which, although functioning at a fairly high level of abstraction 1s, nevertheless consistent with the empirical findings of the study. Implications of thesis findings and conclusions for an understanding of knowledge and pedagogy more generally are presented in the final chapter
Networks of Experience: Interactive Digital Art in the 21st Century
Networks of Experience: Interactive Digital Art in the 21st Century considers interactivity in digital art practices. Emerging technologies advance so quickly that artworks using such technologies are not fully understood. Digital artworks are susceptible to unprecedented threats, including technology obsolescence, file incompatibility, and software updates that might considerably alter the artwork in a matter of months. However, immaterial characteristics such as interactivity are often overlooked in the panic of preserving physical technologies. Software and hardware do not always indicate how interactive a work should be, if it involves one or many participants at once, or how exhibition space should facilitate interaction. In this dissertation, I establish a framework to quantify and prioritize the many ways in which participants interact with artworks that make use of digital technologies. I propose a three-part typology – individual interactive experience, collective interactive experience, and distributed interactive experience – as illustrated with case studies including the VR artwork The Chalkroom (2017) by Laurie Anderson and Hsin-Chien Huang, the immersive digital exhibition Continuity (2021-2022) by the Japanese “ultratechnologist” collective teamLab, and the social media performance Excellences & Perfections (2013) by Amalia Ulman. The project offers clarity to the nature of interactivity, with an eye to long-term preservation when digital artworks are on display, on loan, or acquired in museum collections
Весенние дни науки: сборник докладов Международной конференции студентов и молодых ученых (Екатеринбург, 20–22 апреля 2023 г.)
В сборник вошли материалы докладов, представленных на тематических секциях международной конференции студентов и молодых ученых «Весенние дни науки», которая состоялась в Екатеринбурге 20–22 апреля 2023 г. Организаторы конференции: Институт экономики и управления УрФУ. Сборник подготовлен Институтом экономики и управления Уральского федерального университета имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина. Адресован исследователям, студентам, магистрантам и аспирантам. Все материалы представлены в авторской редакции
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