Pioneers of France in the New World.

Describes French discoveries and colonization efforts in North America, especially in Florida and Canada. Topics covered include: the background of Spanish explorations; French relations with the Spanish, the Indians and the English; and political events in France that affected French activities in the Americas.https://stars.library.ucf.edu/floridaheritage/1059/thumbnail.jp

Pioneers of France in the New World

The subject to which the proposed series will be devoted is that of France in the New World, — the attempt of Feudalism, Monarchy, and Rome to master a continent where, at this hour, half a million of bayonets are vindicating the ascendency of a regulated freedom; — Feudalism still strong in life, though enveloped and overborne by new-born Centralization; Monarchy in the flush of triumphant power; Rome, nerved by disaster, springing with renewed vitality from ashes and corruption, and ranging the earth to reconquer abroad what she had lost at home. These banded powers, pushing into the wilderness their indomitable soldiers and devoted priests, unveiled the secrets of the barbarous continent, pierced the forests, traced and mapped out the streams, planted their emblems, built their forts, and claimed all as their own. New France was all head. Under king, noble, and Jesuit, the lank, lean body would not thrive. Even commerce wore the sword, decked itself with badges of nobility, aspired to forest seigniories and hordes of savage retainers

The Effects of Freeze-Drying on the Strength Characteristics of Naturally Aged Book Papers

Libraries occasionally have water main breaks, fires and floods. These disasters cause considerable water damage to thousands of books. Books that are left wet on the shelves will grow mold. Books that are quickly frozen and eventually freeze-dried can be restored to the shelf in good condition. Several libraries have used freeze-drying for this purpose and have had great success. Freeze-drying is a process used to remove frozen liquid from a substance. The moist material is frozen and put in a vacuum. A high vacuum with some heat introduced will cause the frozen liquid to sublime. A dry-porous structure is left behind. There has been no test data found considering the effects of freeze-drying on the strength of papers. The purpose of this report is to examine this process. Eleven books up to 173 years old were wetted and freeze-dried. Some cockling of papers were observed. Strength properties of fold, tensile and zero span tensile essentially remained unchanged. Freeze-drying, in respect to the relatively small number of samples tested, does not have any detrimental effect on the strength of paper. Freeze-drying is recommended for restoration of water damaged books

Book Reviews

Review of A History of the Freedmen’s Bureau. By George R. Bentley. (Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1955. 298 pp. Notes, appendix, bibliography, and index. $5.00.); The Three Pebbles. By Richard Parker. (New York, David McKay Company, 1956. 218 pp. Illustrations.$2.75.); As They Saw Forrest. Edited by Robert Self Henry. (Jackson, Tenn., McCowart-Mercer Press, 1956. 306 pp. Maps and illustrations. $5.00)

An Aesthetic of Companionship:The Champlain Myth inEarly Canadian Literature

In a letter to William Douw Lighthall on November 18, 1888, Charles G.D. Roberts describes the activities at the Haliburton Society at King’s College in Windsor, Nova Scotia. “I talk Canadianism all the time to the members,” he writes. “We have a literary programme, of Canadian color each night, & we smoke, & drink lime juice & raspberry vinegar, all thro[ugh] the meeting. I am sort of permanent Pres[iden]t, as it were” (Collected Letters 96; italics in original). In the letter’s postscript, Roberts asks Lighthall if he would like to join the society and names Bliss Carman as one of its members. According to the Oxford English Dictionary the word “Canadianism” first entered into the English language in 1875, and Roberts’ letter to Lighthall indicates that by 1888 it was already the byword of a new literary project—a project that was openly and idealistically nationalistic,1 and, clearly, important both to the acknowledged leader of the Confederation group of poets and to the most important anthologist of Canadian literature in the post-Confederation period. Until the ascension of modernism in Canada and the rise of professionalism, anthologists/literary historians such as Lighthall were enormously influential in determining critical trends, and a nationalistic preoccupation with identifying and promulgating a literary tradition is a salient feature of Canadian literary criticism after Confederation. Roberts’ use of the word “Canadianism” here and again in his next letter to Lighthall where he informs him that at the next meeting of the Haliburton Club (where Lighthall was in fact inducted into the society) he “read a lot from [Lighthall’s] The Young Seigneur—pure Canadianism, & it took hold beautifully” (Collected Letters 98), indicates the importance that both Roberts and Lighthall placed on establishing a Canadian literary tradition immediately after Confederation

A French Document Relating to the Destruction of the French Colony in Florida at the Hands of the Spanish, 1565

One of the bloodiest and most publicized chapters in the early history of Florida was written by Don Pedro Menendez de Aviles, intrepid and unscrupulous agent of Philip II of Spain. On three occasions in the months of September and October, 1565, this Spanish gentleman, fired with true inquisitional fervor, ordered and supervised the systematic slaughter of remnants of the third French expedition to the Florida coast, thus ending the French attempt to colonize this disputed territory. Neither the events leading up to the massacres nor the details of the savage butchery requires retelling here. They are the subjects of numerous narratives, both secondary and primary. A brief word on the European reaction to these events is essential, however

The French and Indian Wars: New France\u27s Situational Indian Policies During the Fox and Natchez Conflicts, 1701-1732

This research examines the often-glorified relationship between New France and the American Indians with which that empire came into contact in North America, focusing primarily on the conflicting policies seen during the Fox Wars and the Natchez Wars. Many recent histories of New France, including Richard White\u27s seminal study The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires and Republics, 1650-1815, focus primarily on the lands surrounding the Great Lakes. These histories champion a French Indian policy that was dominated by the fur trade and illustrated by the outbreak of the Fox Wars in 1712. However, New France\u27s Indian policy was not always dictated by the vast and powerful fur trade. Once the French reached the Gulf of Mexico and began settling in the Deep South, priorities changed, and an often-overlooked chapter of colonial French history began. Much of the primary research on the Natchez Indians was performed by looking exhaustively though the letters, decrees and memoirs written in The Mississippi Provincial Archives: French Dominion Volumes II, III and IV. Antoine-Simon Le Page du Pratz\u27s L\u27Histoire de la Louisiane also proved to be an invaluable primary resource during the process. When dealing with the Upper Country, much of my research focused on the primary source smorgasbord presented online by the Wisconsin Historical Collections and the Michigan Pioneers and Historical Collections

Book Reviews

THE NEW HISTORY OF FLORIDA, edited by Michael Gannon, reviewed by Thomas Graham; PIONEER FAMILY: LIFE ON FLORIDA’S TWENTIETH-CENTURY FRONTIER, by Michel Oesterreicher, reviewed by James M. Denham; HUGH ROBINSON: PIONEER AVIATOR, by George L. Vergara, reviewed by James A. Schnur; HAVANA USA: CUBAN EXILES AND CUBAN AMERICANS IN SOUTH FLORIDA, 1959-1994, by Maria Cristina Garcia, reviewed by Charles W. Arnade; THE SEARCH FOR THOMAS F. WARD, TEACHER OF FREDERICK DELIUS, by Don C. Gillespie, reviewed by Wiley L. Housewright; FIFTY YEARS OF SOUTHEASTERN ARCHAEOLOGY: SELECTED WORKS OF JOHN W. GRIFFIN, edited by Patricia C. Griffin, reviewed by John H. Hann; HOW TO DO ARCHAEOLOGY THE RIGHT WAY, by Barbara A. Purdy, reviewed by Patricia C. Griffin; OUR SOUTHERN ZION: A HISTORY OF CALVINISM IN THE SOUTH CAROLINA LOW COUNTRY, 1690-1990, by Erskine Clarke, reviewed by Samuel S. Hill; JAMES GLEN: FROM SCOTTISH PROVOST TO ROYAL GOVERNOR OF SOUTH CAROLINA, by W. Stitt Robinson, reviewed by Robert R. Rea; JUDGMENT AND GRACE IN DIXIE: SOUTHERN FAITHS FROM FAULKNER TO ELVIS, by Charles Reagan Wilson, reviewed by Julian W. Pleasance; THE PEOPLE’S WRITER: ERSKINE CALDWELL AND THE SOUTH, by Wayne Mixon, reviewed by Eileen Knott; BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF THE UNION— NORTHERN LEADERS OF THE CIVIL WAR, edited by John T. Hubbell and James W. Geary, reviewed by Zach Waters; THE PAPERS OF ANDREW JOHNSON, VOLUME 12, FEBRUARY-AUGUST 1867, edited by Paul H. Bergeron, reviewed by Richard N. Current; INDIAN DEPREDATION CLAIMS, 1796-1920, by Larry C. Skogen, reviewed by David La Vere; JAMES J. HILL: EMPIRE BUILDER OF THE NORTHWEST, by Michael P. Malone, reviewed by Paul W. Wehr; GUNS OR BUTTER: THE PRESIDENCY OF LYNDON JOHNSON, by Irving Bernstein, reviewed by Robert David Ward; GOD IN THE STADIUM: SPORTS AND RELIGION IN AMERICA, by Robert J. Higgs, reviewed by Dennis B. Downy; WHITE HOUSE TO YOUR HOUSE: MEDIA AND POLITICS IN VIRTUAL AMERICA, by Edwin Diamond and Robert A. Silverman, reviewed by Philip H. Pollock; THE POPULIST PERSUASION: AN AMERICAN HISTORY, by Michael Kazin, reviewed by Ed Dolan; A POLITICIAN GOES TO WAR: THE CIVIL WAR LETTERS OF JOHN WHITE GEARY, edited by William Alan Blair, reviewed by M. Edward Hughe