Comparative study of proactive and reactive routing protocols in vehicular ad-hoc network

In recent years, the vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET), which is an ad-hoc network used by connected autonomous vehicles (CAV) for information processing, has attracted the interest of researchers in order to meet the needs created by the accelerating development of autonomous vehicle technology. The enormous amount of information and the high speed of the vehicles require us to have a very reliable communication protocol. The objective of this paper is to determine a topology-based routing protocol that improves network performance and guarantees information traffic over VANET. This comparative study was carried out using the simulation of urban mobility (SUMO) and network simulator (NS-3). Through the results obtained, we will show that the choice of the type of protocol to use depends on the size of the network and also on the metrics to be optimized

A Framework for Performance Evaluation of VANETs Using NS-3 Simulator

During the last decade, the number of vehicles on roads has been rapidly growing. Therefore, the demands for communication on the move are also increasing and the attention from many researchers is focused on the Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) because of their importance for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs). Due to the complexity and cost of practical evaluation of VANETs, the researchers often rely on network simulation in order to evaluate their work. In this paper, we have developed a Network Simulator 3 (NS-3) based framework for VANETs that provides network performance analysis based on the key performance indicators such as throughput, packet loss ratio, overhead, end-to-end delay, jitter, etc. Since VANETs are highly dynamic networks, many researchers have proposed different routing protocols in order to improve the network performance. In this paper we have compared several topology-based routing protocols, and proposed utilization of the commonly used Expected Transmission Count (ETX) metric to improve VANET performance.</p

Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols for Vehicle Re-Routing in ITS-based Vehicular Networks

This study aims to assess the performance of routing protocols in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS)-based vehicular networks, specifically in accident and highway scenarios. The effective management of traffic flow in these situations is crucial for ensuring the safety and smooth operation of vehicular networks. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate routing protocols to identify the most suitable one for these scenarios. The evaluation considers various commonly used routing protocols in vehicular networks, including Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Ad hoc On-Demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV), and Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV). The evaluation is based on several performance metrics, such as packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, network throughput, normalized routing load, and routing overhead. These metrics provide insights into the effectiveness and efficiency of the routing protocols in handling re-routing in accident and highway scenarios. The research is divided into two modules, Module I and Module II, to evaluate the effectiveness of routing protocols in these distinct scenarios using the NS2 simulation tool. The simulation results are analyzed and compared to determine the performance of the routing protocols in each module. The findings indicate that AODV consistently achieves the highest throughput, packet delivery ratio, and lowest end-to-end delay, routing overhead, and normalized routing load, followed by AOMDV and then DSDV. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of different routing protocols in accident and highway scenarios. This knowledge can assist in the development of more efficient and reliable routing protocols for vehicular networks

SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF VEHICULAR AD-HOC NETWORKS IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS

According to the American National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, in 2010, there were an estimated 5,419,000 police-reported traffic crashes, in which 32,885 people were killed and 2,239,000 people were injured in the US alone. Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is an emerging technology which promises to decrease car accidents by providing several safety related services such as blind spot, forward collision and sudden braking ahead warnings. Unfortunately, research of VANET is hindered by the extremely high cost and complexity of field testing. Hence it becomes important to simulate VANET protocols and applications thoroughly before attempting to implement them. This thesis studies the feasibility of common mobility and wireless channel models in VANET simulation and provides a general overview of the currently available VANET simulators and their features. Six different simulation scenarios are performed to evaluate the performance of AODV, DSDV, DSR and OLSR Ad-Hoc routing protocols with UDP and TCP packets. Simulation results indicate that reactive protocols are more robust and suitable for the highly dynamic VANET networks. Furthermore, TCP is found to be more suitable for VANET safety applications due to the high delay and packet drop of UDP packets.fi=Opinnäytetyö kokotekstinä PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=Lärdomsprov tillgängligt som fulltext i PDF-format

Analysis of Routing Protocols over VANET

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a new network technology where the cars are used as mobile nodes to form a communication network. In VANET, routing protocols have a significant role in terms of the performance because they determine the way of sending and receiving packets between mobile nodes. In this paper, we examine and analyze the performance of Ad-hoc On-Demand (AODV), Ad-hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) routing protocols over two different traffic connections; TCP and Constant Bit Rate (CBR) using different speeds and packet sizes. The performance measurements; Packet Delivery Ratio, Average End to End Delay and Average Throughput are examined with respect to speed and packet size. The objective of this study is to find the best routing protocol over all circumstances. Based on our validated results, DSR performs the best among all evaluated protocols

SURVEY STUDY FOR VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORKS PERFORMANCE IN CITY AND URBAN RESIDENTIAL AREAS

This thesis it survey study for VANET (Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks) and it performance in city and urban residential areas, when the the number of vehicles on roads is increasing annually, due to the higher amount of traffic, there are more accidents associated with road traffic complexity. VANET can be used to detect dangerous situations which are forwarded to the driver assistant system by monitoring the traffic status.fi=Opinnäytetyö kokotekstinä PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=Lärdomsprov tillgängligt som fulltext i PDF-format

Auro: Adaptive Unicast Routing Framework for Vehicular Ad Hoc Network

A special type of Mobile Ad hoc network (MANET) is Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) and it provides exchange of messages between vehicles. VANET encourages researchers to create safety and comfort applications that will lead to Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). Link failure in the routing path occurs due to frequent change in the network topology of VANET. To handle this situation, the routing protocol has to initiate either a local repair of route or find a route by broadcasting control overhead packets. This increases the network bandwidth utilization of the VANET. When the number of vehicles increase in VANET, broadcasting of redundant route repair packets increases the collisions in the medium leading to broadcasting storm problem. This paper proposes an Adaptive Unicast ROuting (AURO) framework to address frequent disconnections and broadcast storm problems in VANET. This framework selects suitable protocol from the three unicast routing protocols namely On-demand Proactive with Route Maintenance Protocol (ORPM), Efficient Reactive routing Protocol (ERP) and Stable Routing Protocol (SRP) from the network context and the user requirements. The proposed AURO framework is implemented using NS2 and SUMO simulators. The performance of these protocols were thoroughly analyzed and compared with existing popular protocols

Modeling Probability of Path Loss for DSDV, OLSR and DYMO above 802.11 and 802.11p

This paper presents path loss model along with framework for probability distribution function for VANETs. Furthermore, we simulate three routing protocols Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO) in NS-2 to evaluate and compare their performance using two Mac-layer Protocols 802.11 and 802.11p. A novel approach of this work is modifications in existing parameters to achieve high efficiency. After extensive simulations, we observe that DSDV out performs with 802.11p while DYMO gives best performance with 802.11.Comment: IEEE 8th International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA'13), Compiegne, Franc