Performance Analysis of On-Demand Routing Protocols in Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have recently gained a lot of popularity due to their rapid deployment and instant communication capabilities. WMNs are dynamically self-organizing, self-configuring and self-healing with the nodes in the network automatically establishing an adiej hoc network and preserving the mesh connectivity. Designing a routing protocol for WMNs requires several aspects to consider, such as wireless networks, fixed applications, mobile applications, scalability, better performance metrics, efficient routing within infrastructure, load balancing, throughput enhancement, interference, robustness etc. To support communication, various routing protocols are designed for various networks (e.g. ad hoc, sensor, wired etc.). However, all these protocols are not suitable for WMNs, because of the architectural differences among the networks. In this paper, a detailed simulation based performance study and analysis is performed on the reactive routing protocols to verify the suitability of these protocols over such kind of networks. Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO) routing protocol are considered as the representative of reactive routing protocols. The performance differentials are investigated using varying traffic load and number of source. Based on the simulation results, how the performance of each protocol can be improved is also recommended.Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs), IEEE 802.11s, AODV, DSR, DYMO

A Simulation-Based Performance Evaluation of AODV and DSR in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs)

This work evaluates and compares the performance of two reactive routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks: Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR). The study focuses on the design and evaluation of routing protocols in mobile ad-hoc networks. Study and implementation of these protocols are been carried out using network simulator (ns2) and metrics such as Packet Delivery Fraction, Average end-to-end Delay, Routing overhead and Normalized Routing are used for performance analysis. Results are presented as a function of these metrics and the graphs generated show that DSR performs better than AODV when fewer nodes are been used

Performance analysis of on-demand routing protocols in wireless mesh networks

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have recently gained a lot of popularity due to their rapid deployment and instant communication capabilities. WMNs are dynamically self-organizing, self-configuring and self-healing with the nodes in the network automatically establishing an adiej hoc network and preserving the mesh connectivity. Designing a routing protocol for WMNs requires several aspects to consider, such as wireless networks, fixed applications, mobile applications, scalability, better performance metrics, efficient routing within infrastructure, load balancing, throughput enhancement, interference, robustness etc. To support communication, various routing protocols are designed for various networks (e.g. ad hoc, sensor, wired etc.). However, all these protocols are not suitable for WMNs, because of the architectural differences among the networks. In this paper, a detailed simulation based performance study and analysis is performed on the reactive routing protocols to verify the suitability of these protocols over such kind of networks. Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO) routing protocol are considered as the representative of reactive routing protocols. The performance differentials are investigated using varying traffic load and number of source. Based on the simulation results, how the performance of each protocol can be improved is also recommended

Analisis Kinerja Perubahan Hello Interval pada AODV di Lingkungan VANET

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) merupakan pengembangan dari Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET). Routing protocol VANET dibagi menjadi dua model, yaitu Topology-based Routing dan Geographic Routing. Untuk Topology-based Routing masih dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu proaktif dan reaktif. Salah satu dari beberapa routing protocol yang reaktif yaitu AODV. Reactive routing protocol AODV memiliki node dengan mobilitas yang tinggi sehingga tidak jarang sebelum paket data tersampaikan, rute yang terjalin sudah berubah. Oleh karena itu, rawan terjadi kehilangan paket data di tengah pengiriman. Melihat permasalahan di atas, pada Tugas Akhir ini akan dilakukan analisis kinerja pada routing protocol AODV dengan mengubah Hello Interval. Modifikasi yang dilakukan berfokus pada perubahan Hello Interval yang disimulasikan menggunakan skenario grid dan skenario real. Batasan modifikasi Hello Interval berkisar pada interval 5 detik, 10 detik, dan 15 detik. Hasil uji coba telah menunjukkan bahwa protokol AODV modifikasi mampu menurunkan Routing Overhead sebesar 64.34 %. Namun pada performa metrik yang lain menunjukan hasil yang kompetitif dibandingkan dengan AODV asli. ============================================================ Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) is a development of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET). VANET routing protocol is divided into two models, namely Topology-based Routing and Geographic Routing. For Topology-based Routing is still divided into two, namely proactive and reactive. One of several reactive routing protocols is AODV. Reactive routing protocol AODV has a node with high mobility so that not infrequently before data packets are delivered, the interwoven route has changed. Therefore, it is prone to lose the data packet in the middle of sending. Seeing the problem above, this Final Project will perform performance analysis on AODV routing protocol by changing Hello Interval. The modifications made focus on simulated Hello interval changes using grid scenarios and real scenarios. The Hello Interval modification limits range from 5 second, 10 second, and 15 second intervals. The test results have shown that the modified AODV protocol is able to decrease Routing Overhead by 64.34%. But on other performance metrics show competitive results compared with the original AODV

Architecture and performance of multi-hop wireless ad-hoc routing protocol (MultiWARP)

In recent years, a great deal of attention has been given to wireless connectivity solutions that are capable of establishing wireless ad-hoc networks between mobile nodes. Whilst most of these networks are formed using a combination of fixed and mobile infrastructure, completely infrastructure-less networks are thought to become more commonplace in the future. Moreover, this type of network structure seeks to utilise multi-hop connectivity between mobile nodes rather than the traditional single-hop connectivity established between fixed access points.The initial configuration phase and subsequent maintenance phase of a multi-hop wireless ad-hoc network requires the use of appropriate routing functions to exist between the mobile nodes. Therefore, it is essential that a routing protocol capable of determining correct and optimal routing path information in the presence of node mobility and the mobile radio environment be sought. Furthermore, it is beneficial to utilise the limited wireless bandwidth efficiently, such that a routing protocol should be designed specifically in the context of a multi-hop wireless ad-hoc network topology. This can be achieved through employing a non-hierarchical approach and using neighbouring nodes to act as intermediate relay nodes.The proposed routing protocol, called the Multi-hop Wireless Ad-hoc Routing Protocol (MultiWARP), is comprised of both a proactive and reactive routing component, thus forming a hybrid protocol which is able to exploit the benefits of each component. It is shown that manipulating these two components within the context of an awareness region, which divides the network into 2 regions, the routing overhead can be minimised. For the proactive component, the necessary network topology information that must be transmitted between neighbouring nodes is encoded within a routing update (RUPDT) packet. In this study, three alternative RUPDT encoding schemes have been formulated to encode the network topology in an efficient manner to reduce the RUPDT packet size.For the reactive component, a novel covercasting mechanism is designed that minimises the number of route request (RREQ) transmissions required to determine the routing path by utilising existing routing table information. Supplementary techniques are then utilised, such as snooping, route repair, and route optimisation to further optimise performance and minimise the route discovery delay (latency). This same covercasting mechanism is then utilised to efficiently transmit periodic RUPDT packets between neighbouring nodes to maintain routing table validity at each node, without having to resort to flooding which causes the “broadcast storm problem”. In addition, several route selection algorithms are considered which distribute traffic data between the intermediate relay nodes comprising the ad-hoc network.The performance and computational complexity of the proposed hybrid routing protocol is shown by means of computer simulations and theoretical analysis. Various traffic scenarios and topologies are presented to obtain the routing protocol performance metric results, and these are compared with other protocols found in the literature. For a multi-hop wireless ad-hoc network, it is shown that the proposed hybrid routing protocol, MultiWARP, is able to achieve higher average system performance in terms of improved throughput and stability performance when compared to other wireless ad-hoc routing protocols, such as DSR

Pengaruh Protokol AOMDV dan MP-OLSR pada Manet terhadap penggunaan aplikasi VoIP

ABSTRAKSI: Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) adalah sekumpulan titik perangkat nirkabel (node) dinamis yang memiliki kemampuan untuk mengelola dan mengorganisasi secara mandiri, walaupun tanpa kehadiran suatu infrastruktur jaringan. Di dalam jaringan ini, setiap titik tidak hanya sebagai host, tetapi juga sebagai router yang meneruskan paket data kepada perangkat lain. Fungsi dari jaringan ad hoc sangat tergantung pada routing protocol yang menentukan jalur atau rute diantara node. Tugas akhir ini dijalankan pada network simulator 2.Pada tugas akhir ini akan dianalisis tentang performansi antara kedua protokol mewakili dari dua jenis protokol yang ada pada jaringan MANET, yaitu protokol hybrid yang diwakili oleh MP-OLSR dan protokol reaktif yang diwakili oleh AOMDV. Performansi dari kedua protokol akan dilihat berdasarkan tiga metric, yaitu delay, throughput dan packet delivery fraction.Berdasarkan hasil analisis dari penelitian ini, protokol MP-OLSR memiliki performansi yang lebih baik dari protokol AOMDV dikarenakan menggunakan algoritma Transformasi Mojette untuk melakukan pengamanan data sehingga meningkatkan terutama packet delivery fraction.Kata Kunci : Mobile ad-hoc network, hybrid, reaktif, MP-OLSR, AOMDV, network simulatorABSTRACT: Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a collection point wireless devices (nodes) that has the ability to dynamically manage and organize independently, even without the presence of a network infrastructure. Within this network, each point is not only as hosts, but also as a router that forwards data packets to other devices. The function of the ad hoc network is highly dependent on the routing protocol that determines the path or route between the nodes. This final project is run on the network simulator 2.In this final project will be analysed the performance between the two protocols represent the two types of protocols that exist in the MANET network, which is a hybrid protocol that is represented by MP-OLSR and the reactive protocols are represented by AOMDV. Performance of both protocols will be based on three metrics, namely delay, throughput and packet delivery fraction.Based on the analysis of this study, MP-OLSR protocol has better performance than protocols AOMDV due to using an algorithm Transformation Mojette to secure the data which increase the packet delivery fraction.Keyword: Mobile ad-hoc networks, hybrid, reactive, MP-OLSR, AOMDV, network simulato

Unmanned Aerial ad Hoc Networks: Simulation-Based Evaluation of Entity Mobility Models’ Impact on Routing Performance

An unmanned aerial ad hoc network (UAANET) is a special type of mobile ad hoc network (MANET). For these networks, researchers rely mostly on simulations to evaluate their proposed networking protocols. Hence, it is of great importance that the simulation environment of a UAANET replicates as much as possible the reality of UAVs. One major component of that environment is the movement pattern of the UAVs. This means that the mobility model used in simulations has to be thoroughly understood in terms of its impact on the performance of the network. In this paper, we investigate how mobility models affect the performance of UAANET in simulations in order to come up with conclusions/recommendations that provide a benchmark for future UAANET simulations. To that end, we first propose a few metrics to evaluate the mobility models. Then, we present five random entity mobility models that allow nodes to move almost freely and independently from one another and evaluate four carefully-chosen MANET/UAANET routing protocols: ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV), optimized link state routing (OLSR), reactive-geographic hybrid routing (RGR) and geographic routing protocol (GRP). In addition, flooding is also evaluated. The results show a wide variation of the protocol performance over different mobility models. These performance differences can be explained by the mobility model characteristics, and we discuss these effects. The results of our analysis show that: (i) the enhanced Gauss–Markov (EGM) mobility model is best suited for UAANET; (ii) OLSR, a table-driven proactive routing protocol, and GRP, a position-based geographic protocol, are the protocols most sensitive to the change of mobility models; (iii) RGR, a reactive-geographic hybrid routing protocol, is best suited for UAANET