547 research outputs found
A comparison of OSPFv3 and EIGRPv6 in a small IPv6 enterprise network
As the Internet slowly transitions towards IPv6, the routing protocols that are used to forward traffic across this global network must adapt to support this gradual transition. Two of the most frequently discussed interior dynamic routing protocols today are the IETF’s OSPF and Cisco’s EIGRP routing protocol. A wealth of papers have compared OSPF and EIGRP in terms of converge times and resource usage, however few papers have assessed the performance of each when implementing their respective security mechanisms. Therefore a comparison of OSPFv3 and EIGRPv6 will be conducted using dedicated Cisco hardware. This paper will firstly introduce each protocol and its security mechanisms, before conducting a comparison of OSPFv3 and EIGRPv6 using Cisco equipment. After discussing the simulation results, a conclusion will be drawn to reveal the findings of this paper and which protocol performs the best upon implementing their respective security mechanisms within a small IPv6 enterprise network
Segment Routing: a Comprehensive Survey of Research Activities, Standardization Efforts and Implementation Results
Fixed and mobile telecom operators, enterprise network operators and cloud
providers strive to face the challenging demands coming from the evolution of
IP networks (e.g. huge bandwidth requirements, integration of billions of
devices and millions of services in the cloud). Proposed in the early 2010s,
Segment Routing (SR) architecture helps face these challenging demands, and it
is currently being adopted and deployed. SR architecture is based on the
concept of source routing and has interesting scalability properties, as it
dramatically reduces the amount of state information to be configured in the
core nodes to support complex services. SR architecture was first implemented
with the MPLS dataplane and then, quite recently, with the IPv6 dataplane
(SRv6). IPv6 SR architecture (SRv6) has been extended from the simple steering
of packets across nodes to a general network programming approach, making it
very suitable for use cases such as Service Function Chaining and Network
Function Virtualization. In this paper we present a tutorial and a
comprehensive survey on SR technology, analyzing standardization efforts,
patents, research activities and implementation results. We start with an
introduction on the motivations for Segment Routing and an overview of its
evolution and standardization. Then, we provide a tutorial on Segment Routing
technology, with a focus on the novel SRv6 solution. We discuss the
standardization efforts and the patents providing details on the most important
documents and mentioning other ongoing activities. We then thoroughly analyze
research activities according to a taxonomy. We have identified 8 main
categories during our analysis of the current state of play: Monitoring,
Traffic Engineering, Failure Recovery, Centrally Controlled Architectures, Path
Encoding, Network Programming, Performance Evaluation and Miscellaneous...Comment: SUBMITTED TO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS & TUTORIAL
An Enhanced Ipv6 Anycast Routing Protocol Using Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode With Mobile Ipv6
Anycast routing is an efficient routing mechanism that enables the network to choose the
nearest and most appropriate server very quickly. However, IPv6 Anycast is not used
widely in practice yet, and there are many reasons for this. Firstly, IPv6 Anycast does
not have its own standard protocol because anycast builds its anycast membership tree
like multicast does but unlike multicast it sends only to one of the groups using unicast
mechanism. The other problem is that IPv6 Anycast mechanism could not provide
stateful connections between the sender and the receiver because the sender always
change the receiver based on the metric or the distance. In this thesis a new IPv6 anycast
routing protocol is developed to provide a stateful communication between the anycast
sender and the receiver. Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) has
been chosen to establish the new IPv6 anycast mechanism because of many similar
properties between multicast and anycast. A new variable is proposed in the routing
table called Best Metric Factor (BMF) to describe the status of the receiver (free or
Busy). This factor is used to decide the appropriate receiver to choose, the advantage of the proposed design can be observed easily when there are multi-anycast senders
sending their traffic to the appropriate receiver at the same time. Next we improve the
mechanism by building a direct connection between the anycast sender and the anycast
receiver using route optimization by mapping the objects in Mobile IPv6 to the objects
in the proposed mechanism. This is because there are many similar properties between
Mobile IPv6 and the proposed design. The proposed mechanism has been shown to
achieve a good performance with multi-anycast senders and can provide a stateful
communication between the sender and the appropriate receiver
Study and Optimized Simulation of OSPFv3 Routing Protocol in IPv6 Network
Routing is a design way to pass the data packet. User is assigns the path in a routing configuration. A significant role played by the router for providing the dynamic routing in the network. Structure and Configuration are different for each routing protocols. Next generation internet protocol IPv6 which provides large address space, simple header format. It is mainly effective and efficient routing. It is also ensure good quality of service and also provide security. Routing protocol (OSPFv3) in IPv6 network has been studied and implemented using 2018;cisco packet tracer2019;. 2018;Ping2019; the ping command is used to check the results. The small virtual network created in Cisco platform .It is also used to test the OSPFv3 protocol in the IPv6 network. This paper also contains step by step configuration and explanation in assigning of IPv6 address in routers and end devices. The receiving and sending the packet of data in a network is the responsibility of the internet protocol layer. It also contains the data analysis of packet forwarding through IPv6 on OSPFv3 in simulation mode of cisco packet virtual environment to make the decision eventually secure and faster protocol in IPv6 environment
Comparative Analysis of Two Prominent Routing Protocols in IPv6 Network: OSPFv3 & EIGRPv6
Due to the huge demand of Internet, computer network has been transited from IPv4 to IPv6 environment. New routing protocols are also needed in IPv6 network. Among them two are very prominent: IETF’s OSPF and Cisco’s EIGRP. In IPv6 network, they are known as OSPFv3 and EIGRPv6 respectively. Though several researchers have worked in these area, but this paper have analyzed the comparisons between these two routing protocols more intensively. In this paper, packet loss, routing convergence speed and end to end delay have been considered as the parameters of the comparisons. The comparisons have been evaluated in Cisco’s simulation environment; Packet Tracer.
Performance Assessment of Routing Protocols for IoT/6LoWPAN Networks
The Internet of Things (IoT) proposes a disruptive communication paradigm that allows
smart objects to exchange data among themselves to reach a common goal. IoT application
scenarios are multiple and can range from a simple smart home lighting system to fully controlled
automated manufacturing chains. In the majority of IoT deployments, things are equipped with
small devices that can suffer from severe hardware and energy restrictions that are responsible
for performing data processing and wireless communication tasks. Thus, due to their features,
communication networks that are used by these devices are generally categorized as Low Power
and Lossy Networks (LLNs).
The considerable variation in IoT applications represents a critical issue to LLN networks,
which should offer support to different requirements as well as keeping reasonable
quality-of-service (QoS) levels. Based on this challenge, routing protocols represent a key issue
in IoT scenarios deployment. Routing protocols are responsible for creating paths among devices
and their interactions. Hence, network performance and features are highly dependent
on protocol behavior. Also, based on the adopted protocol, the support for some specific requirements
of IoT applications may or may not be provided. Thus, a routing protocol should be
projected to attend the needs of the applications considering the limitations of the device that
will execute them.
Looking to attend the demand of routing protocols for LLNs and, consequently, for IoT
networks, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has designed and standardized the IPv6
Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL). This protocol, although being robust
and offering features to fulfill the need of several applications, still presents several faults and
weaknesses (mainly related to its high complexity and memory requirement), which limits its
adoption in IoT scenarios. An alternative to RPL, the Lightweight On-demand Ad Hoc Distancevector
Routing Protocol – Next Generation (LOADng) has emerged as a less complicated routing
solution for LLNs. However, the cost of its simplicity is paid for with the absence of adequate
support for a critical set of features required for many IoT environments. Thus, based on the
challenging open issues related to routing in IoT networks, this thesis aims to study and propose
contributions to better attend the network requirements of IoT scenarios. A comprehensive survey,
reviewing state-of-the-art routing protocols adopted for IoT, identified the strengths and
weaknesses of current solutions available in the literature. Based on the identified limitations,
a set of improvements is designed to overcome these issues and enhance IoT network performance.
The novel solutions are proposed to include reliable and efficient support to attend
the needs of IoT applications, such as mobility, heterogeneity, and different traffic patterns.
Moreover, mechanisms to improve the network performance in IoT scenarios, which integrate
devices with different communication technologies, are introduced.
The studies conducted to assess the performance of the proposed solutions showed
the high potential of the proposed solutions. When the approaches presented in this thesis
were compared with others available in the literature, they presented very promising results
considering the metrics related to the Quality of Service (QoS), network and energy efficiency,
and memory usage as well as adding new features to the base protocols. Hence, it is believed
that the proposed improvements contribute to the state-of-the-art of routing solutions for IoT
networks, increasing the performance and adoption of enhanced protocols.A Internet das Coisas, do inglês Internet of Things (IoT), propõe um paradigma de
comunicação disruptivo para possibilitar que dispositivos, que podem ser dotados de comportamentos
autónomos ou inteligentes, troquem dados entre eles buscando alcançar um objetivo
comum. Os cenários de aplicação do IoT são muito variados e podem abranger desde um simples
sistema de iluminação para casa até o controle total de uma linha de produção industrial. Na
maioria das instalações IoT, as “coisas” são equipadas com um pequeno dispositivo, responsável
por realizar as tarefas de comunicação e processamento de dados, que pode sofrer com severas
restrições de hardware e energia. Assim, devido às suas características, a rede de comunicação
criada por esses dispositivos é geralmente categorizada como uma Low Power and Lossy Network
(LLN).
A grande variedade de cenários IoT representam uma questão crucial para as LLNs,
que devem oferecer suporte aos diferentes requisitos das aplicações, além de manter níveis
de qualidade de serviço, do inglês Quality of Service (QoS), adequados. Baseado neste desafio,
os protocolos de encaminhamento constituem um aspecto chave na implementação de
cenários IoT. Os protocolos de encaminhamento são responsáveis por criar os caminhos entre
os dispositivos e permitir suas interações. Assim, o desempenho e as características da rede
são altamente dependentes do comportamento destes protocolos. Adicionalmente, com base
no protocolo adotado, o suporte a alguns requisitos específicos das aplicações de IoT podem
ou não ser fornecidos. Portanto, estes protocolos devem ser projetados para atender as necessidades
das aplicações assim como considerando as limitações do hardware no qual serão
executados.
Procurando atender às necessidades dos protocolos de encaminhamento em LLNs e,
consequentemente, das redes IoT, a Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) desenvolveu e padronizou
o IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL). O protocolo, embora
seja robusto e ofereça recursos para atender às necessidades de diferentes aplicações, apresenta
algumas falhas e fraquezas (principalmente relacionadas com a sua alta complexidade e
necessidade de memória) que limitam sua adoção em cenários IoT. Em alternativa ao RPL, o
Lightweight On-demand Ad hoc Distance-vector Routing Protocol – Next Generation (LOADng)
emergiu como uma solução de encaminhamento menos complexa para as LLNs. Contudo, o
preço da simplicidade é pago com a falta de suporte adequado para um conjunto de recursos
essenciais necessários em muitos ambientes IoT. Assim, inspirado pelas desafiadoras questões
ainda em aberto relacionadas com o encaminhamento em redes IoT, esta tese tem como objetivo
estudar e propor contribuições para melhor atender os requisitos de rede em cenários IoT.
Uma profunda e abrangente revisão do estado da arte sobre os protocolos de encaminhamento
adotados em IoT identificou os pontos fortes e limitações das soluções atuais. Com base nas debilidades
encontradas, um conjunto de soluções de melhoria é proposto para superar carências
existentes e melhorar o desempenho das redes IoT. As novas soluções são propostas para incluir
um suporte confiável e eficiente capaz atender às necessidades das aplicações IoT relacionadas
com suporte à mobilidade, heterogeneidade dos dispositivos e diferentes padrões de tráfego.
Além disso, são introduzidos mecanismos para melhorar o desempenho da rede em cenários IoT
que integram dispositivos com diferentes tecnologias de comunicação.
Os vários estudos realizados para mensurar o desempenho das soluções propostas mostraram
o grande potencial do conjunto de melhorias introduzidas. Quando comparadas com
outras abordagens existentes na literatura, as soluções propostas nesta tese demonstraram um aumento do desempenho consistente para métricas relacionadas a qualidade de serviço, uso de
memória, eficiência energética e de rede, além de adicionar novas funcionalidades aos protocolos
base. Portanto, acredita-se que as melhorias propostas contribuiem para o avanço do estado
da arte em soluções de encaminhamento para redes IoT e aumentar a adoção e utilização dos
protocolos estudados
Configure and Monitor the Networking Using EIGRP Protocol
In this modern internet generation, routing protocol plays an important role. The Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is an advanced protocol for distance-vector routing used on a computer network to simplify routing and configuration decisions. Data packets are transmitted from router to router via internet networks before they reach their destination device on the Internet. The main objective of this paper is to configure and monitor the network by the provider. The protocol implemented, EIGRP is analyzed using the GNS3 software. In GNS3 software, the setup includes routers and hosts is simulated to display a network that consists of three areas. It analyzed the ping test, display neighbours and topology table, and the number packet received and sent. As a result, the simulated protocol, EIGRP show acceptable performance with hellos sent/received packets are 3544/1766, 144/143 and 6383/2107 of a router; R1, R2, and R3 respectively. In conclusion, EIGRP is the best in routing protocol and provide excellent internetworking
Internet protocol over wireless sensor networks, from myth to reality
Internet Protocol (IP) is a standard network layer protocol of the Internet architecture, allowing communication among heterogeneous networks. For a given network to be accessible from the Internet it must have a router that complies with this protocol. Wireless sensor networks have many smart sensing nodes with computational, communication and sensing capabilities. Such smart sensors cooperate to gather relevant data and present it to the user. The connection of sensor networks and the Internet has been realized using gateway or proxy- based approaches. Historically, several routing protocols were specifically created, discarding IP. However, recent research, prototypes and even implementation tools show that it is possible to combine the advantages of IP access with sensor networks challenges, with a major contribution from the 6LoWPAN Working Group. This paper presents the advantages and challenges of IP on sensor networks, surveys the state-of-art with some implementation examples, and points further research topics in this area
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