Relating patenting and peer-review publications: an extended perspective on the vascular health and risk management literature

Hermann AM MuckeHM Pharma Consultancy, Vienna, AustriaPurpose: This investigation identifies patent applications published under the international Patent Convention Treaty between July 2010 and January 2011 in three significant fields of vascular risk management (arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, and aneurysms) and investigates whether the inventors have also published peer reviewed papers directly describing their claimed invention.Results: Out of only 48 patent documents that specifically addressed at least one of the above-mentioned fields, 15 had immediate companion papers of which 13 were published earlier than the corresponding patent applications; the majority of these papers were published by noncorporate patentees. Although the majority of patent applications (30 documents) had at least one corporate assignee, 18 came from academic environments. As expected, medical devices dominated in the aneurysm segment while pharmacology dominated hypertension and atherosclerosis.Conclusion: Although information related to hypertension, atherosclerosis, or aneurysms that was claimed in international patent applications reached the public quicker through the corresponding peer review document if one was published, more than two-thirds of the patent applications had no such companion paper in a scientific journal. The patent literature, which is freely available online as full text, offers information to scientists and developers in the fields of vascular risk management that is not available from the peer reviewed literature.Keywords: hypertension, atherosclerosis, aneurysm, patents as topic, publishin

Patent Claim Structure Recognition

In patents, the claims section is the most relevant part. It is written in a legal jargon, containing independent and dependent claims, forming a hierarchy. We present our work aimed at automatically identifying that hierarchy within complete patent claim texts. Beginning with a short introduction into patent claims and typical use cases for searching in claims, we proceed to show results from a preliminary context analysis with English claims from the European Patents Fulltext (EPFULL) database. We point out some possibilities with which claim dependency is indicated in the text and show a way of identifying them. Additionally, we describe several of the problems encountered, in particular problems resulting from noisy data. Finally, we show results from our internal evaluations, in which accuracies greater than 93% were measured. We also indicate areas of further research

The Appropriation of Value from Knowledge: Three Essays on Technological Discontinuities, Market Entry, and Patent Strategy

Knowledge accumulation and protection are critical considerations of the firm. How does the capability to appropriate value from knowledge affect firm strategies in the industries? To answer this question, I develop a new theory and evidence to argue that appropriate value from knowledge is a central consideration in firms’ capabilities and decisions to deal with technological changes and intellectual property issues. In particular, I examine the relatedness of products and markets, the strategic uses of patents, and how firms can successfully adapt to concerns regarding technological changes and intellectual property leakage. Throughout my three dissertation chapters, I find evidence that the capability to appropriate value from knowledge can affect how firms behave in consistent and essential ways. These findings provide important implications for knowledge-based views of the firm and strategy-based recommendations in terms of the management of knowledge assets

Improving Product-related Patent Information Access with Automated Technology Ontology Extraction

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

Patent claim decomposition for improved information extraction

Zsfassung in dt. SpracheDie vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt eine regelbasierte Methode zur Zerlegung von englischsprachigen Patentansprüchen in kleinere Teile mit dem Ziel, eine Basis für weitere Textanalyseschritte zu schaffen und die Anwendbarkeit von existierenden Algorithmen zur Informationsextraktion zu vereinfachen, welche auf Grund des komplizierten sprachlichen Aufbaus von Patentansprüchen nur beschränkt für diese geeignet sind. Da Patentansprüche nach sehr genauen syntaktischen und semantischen Vorgaben verfasst werden müssen, enthalten sie eine Reihe von wiederkehrenden grammatikalischen Mustern, die mittels linguistischer Analyse gefunden und extrahiert werden können. Die extrahierten Teile werden in eine Baumstruktur gebracht und es wird ein Algorithmus vorgestellt, der diese Teile reorganisiert und graphisch darstellt, um die Lesbarkeit der Patentansprüche zu verbessern. Die Evaluierung der Methode zeigt, dass die Länge und Komplexität von Patentansprüchen durch die Anwendung der entwickelten Regeln stark reduziert werden kann und dass dadurch die Anwendbarkeit von existierenden Information Extraction Tools erleichtert wird.Natural language processing algorithms and information extraction methods have proven to be valuable tools supporting humans in structuring, aggregating and managing large amounts of information, available as text, in several domains. Patent claims, although subject to a number of rigid constraints and therefore pressed into foreseeable structures, are written in a very domain-specific and almost artificial language common information extraction and retrieval methods tend to show poor performance on. This work presents a rule-based approach for decomposing patent claims into smaller parts for providing a basis for further analysis. As claims are drafted according to very precise syntactic and semantic rules, they contain a high number of reoccurring grammatical patterns. A set of rules based on linguistic analysis is used to identify and extract these patterns. The extracted claim parts are organized in a tree structure in order to retain the information on how they are related to each other. An algorithm is proposed for automatically reorganizing and then visualizing this tree structure for improving readability of claims. The evaluation of the method shows that rule-based patent claim decomposition is feasible and provides promising results in terms of reduction of length and complexity of patent claims.It shows that the decomposition method can be used to ease the application and raise the performance of existing information extraction tools.12