Evolving Ensemble Fuzzy Classifier

The concept of ensemble learning offers a promising avenue in learning from data streams under complex environments because it addresses the bias and variance dilemma better than its single model counterpart and features a reconfigurable structure, which is well suited to the given context. While various extensions of ensemble learning for mining non-stationary data streams can be found in the literature, most of them are crafted under a static base classifier and revisits preceding samples in the sliding window for a retraining step. This feature causes computationally prohibitive complexity and is not flexible enough to cope with rapidly changing environments. Their complexities are often demanding because it involves a large collection of offline classifiers due to the absence of structural complexities reduction mechanisms and lack of an online feature selection mechanism. A novel evolving ensemble classifier, namely Parsimonious Ensemble pENsemble, is proposed in this paper. pENsemble differs from existing architectures in the fact that it is built upon an evolving classifier from data streams, termed Parsimonious Classifier pClass. pENsemble is equipped by an ensemble pruning mechanism, which estimates a localized generalization error of a base classifier. A dynamic online feature selection scenario is integrated into the pENsemble. This method allows for dynamic selection and deselection of input features on the fly. pENsemble adopts a dynamic ensemble structure to output a final classification decision where it features a novel drift detection scenario to grow the ensemble structure. The efficacy of the pENsemble has been numerically demonstrated through rigorous numerical studies with dynamic and evolving data streams where it delivers the most encouraging performance in attaining a tradeoff between accuracy and complexity.Comment: this paper has been published by IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy System

Data Mining in Smart Grids

Effective smart grid operation requires rapid decisions in a data-rich, but information-limited, environment. In this context, grid sensor data-streaming cannot provide the system operators with the necessary information to act on in the time frames necessary to minimize the impact of the disturbances. Even if there are fast models that can convert the data into information, the smart grid operator must deal with the challenge of not having a full understanding of the context of the information, and, therefore, the information content cannot be used with any high degree of confidence. To address this issue, data mining has been recognized as the most promising enabling technology for improving decision-making processes, providing the right information at the right moment to the right decision-maker. This Special Issue is focused on emerging methodologies for data mining in smart grids. In this area, it addresses many relevant topics, ranging from methods for uncertainty management, to advanced dispatching. This Special Issue not only focuses on methodological breakthroughs and roadmaps in implementing the methodology, but also presents the much-needed sharing of the best practices. Topics include, but are not limited to, the following: Fuzziness in smart grids computing Emerging techniques for renewable energy forecasting Robust and proactive solution of optimal smart grids operation Fuzzy-based smart grids monitoring and control frameworks Granular computing for uncertainty management in smart grids Self-organizing and decentralized paradigms for information processin

Epileptic seizure detection and prediction based on EEG signal

Epilepsy is a kind of chronic brain disfunction, manifesting as recurrent seizures which is caused by sudden and excessive discharge of neurons. Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings is regarded as the golden standard for clinical diagnosis of epilepsy disease. The diagnosis of epilepsy disease by professional doctors clinically is time-consuming. With the help artificial intelligence algorithms, the task of automatic epileptic seizure detection and prediction is called a research hotspot. The thesis mainly contributes to propose a solution to overfitting problem of EEG signal in deep learning and a method of multiple channels fusion for EEG features. The result of proposed method achieves outstanding performance in seizure detection task and seizure prediction task. In seizure detection task, this paper mainly explores the effect of the deep learning in small data size. This thesis designs a hybrid model of CNN and SVM for epilepsy detection compared with end-to-end classification by deep learning. Another technique for overfitting is new EEG signal generation based on decomposition and recombination of EEG in time-frequency domain. It achieved a classification accuracy of 98.8%, a specificity of 98.9% and a sensitivity of 98.4% on the classic Bonn EEG data. In seizure prediction task, this paper proposes a feature fusion method for multi-channel EEG signals. We extract a three-order tensor feature in temporal, spectral and spatial domain. UMLDA is a tensor-to-vector projection method, which ensures minimal redundancy between feature dimensions. An excellent experimental result was finally obtained, including an average accuracy of 95%, 94% F1-measure and 90% Kappa index

An Automatic Tool for Partial Discharge De-noising via Short Time Fourier Transform and Matrix Factorization

This paper develops a fully automatic tool for the denoising of partial discharge (PD) signals occurring in electrical power networks and recorded in on-site measurements. The proposed method is based on the spectral decomposition of the PD measured signal via the joint application of the short-time Fourier transform and the singular value decomposition. The estimated noiseless signal is reconstructed via a clever selection of the dominant contributions, which allows us to filter out the different spurious components, including the white noise and the discrete spectrum noise. The method offers a viable solution which can be easily integrated within the measurement apparatus, with unavoidable beneficial effects in the detection of important parameters of the signal for PD localization. The performance of the proposed tool is first demonstrated on a synthetic test signal and then it is applied to real measured data. A cross comparison of the proposed method and other state-of-the-art alternatives is included in the study

Automated neural network-based instrument validation system

In a complex control process, instrument calibration is periodically performed to maintain the instruments within the calibration range, which assures proper control and minimizes down time. Instruments are usually calibrated under out-of-service conditions using manual calibration methods, which may cause incorrect calibration or equipment damage. Continuous in-service calibration monitoring of sensors and instruments will reduce unnecessary instrument calibrations, give operators more confidence in instrument measurements, increase plant efficiency or product quality, and minimize the possibility of equipment damage during unnecessary manual calibrations. In this dissertation, an artificial neural network (ANN)-based instrument calibration verification system is designed to achieve the on-line monitoring and verification goal for scheduling maintenance. Since an ANN is a data-driven model, it can learn the relationships among signals without prior knowledge of the physical model or process, which is usually difficult to establish for the complex hon-linear systems. Furthermore, the ANNs provide a noise-reduced estimate of the signal measurement. More importantly, since a neural network learns the relationships among signals, it can give an unfaulted estimate of a faulty signal based on information provided by other unfaulted signals; that is, provide a correct estimate of a faulty signal. This ANN-based instrument verification system is capable of detecting small degradations or drifts occurring in instrumentation, and preclude false control actions or system damage caused by instrument degradation. In this dissertation, an automated scheme of neural network construction is developed. Previously, the neural network structure design required extensive knowledge of neural networks. An automated design methodology was developed so that a network structure can be created without expert interaction. This validation system was designed to monitor process sensors plant-wide. Due to the large number of sensors to be monitored and the limited computational capability of an artificial neural network model, a variable grouping process was developed for dividing the sensor variables into small correlated groups which the neural networks can handle. A modification of a statistical method, called Beta method, as well as a principal component analysis (PCA)-based method of estimating the number of neural network hidden nodes was developed. Another development in this dissertation is the sensor fault detection method. The commonly used Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) continuously measures the likelihood ratio to statistically determine if there is any significant calibration change. This method requires normally distributed signals for correct operation. In practice, the signals deviate from the normal distribution causing problems for the SPRT. A modified SPRT (MSPRT) was developed to suppress the possible intermittent alarms initiated by spurious spikes in network prediction errors. These methods were applied to data from the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) fossil power plant Unit 9 for testing. The results show that the average detectable drift level is about 2.5% for instruments in the boiler system and about 1% in the turbine system of the Unit 9 system. Approximately 74% of the process instruments can be monitored using the methodologies developed in this dissertation