Ubiquitous Computing

The aim of this book is to give a treatment of the actively developed domain of Ubiquitous computing. Originally proposed by Mark D. Weiser, the concept of Ubiquitous computing enables a real-time global sensing, context-aware informational retrieval, multi-modal interaction with the user and enhanced visualization capabilities. In effect, Ubiquitous computing environments give extremely new and futuristic abilities to look at and interact with our habitat at any time and from anywhere. In that domain, researchers are confronted with many foundational, technological and engineering issues which were not known before. Detailed cross-disciplinary coverage of these issues is really needed today for further progress and widening of application range. This book collects twelve original works of researchers from eleven countries, which are clustered into four sections: Foundations, Security and Privacy, Integration and Middleware, Practical Applications

Dynamics of Japan’s Trade and Industrial Policy in the Post Rapid Growth Era (1980–2000)

This open access book provides an in-depth examination of Japan's policy responses to the economic challenges of the 1980s and '90s. While MITI's earlier role in promoting rapid growth has been addressed in other studies, this volume, based on official records and exhaustive interviews, is the first to examine the aftermath of rapid growth and the evolution of MITI's interpretation of the economy's changing needs. Covering such topics as the oil shocks, trade conflict with the United States, and the rise and collapse of the so-called bubble economy, it presents a detailed analysis and evaluation of how these challenges were interpreted by government officials, the kinds of policies that were enacted, the extent to which policy aims were realized, and lessons for the longer term. This book is recommended especially to officials of countries concerned about the challenges that follow on high economic growth and to readers interested in Japan’s contemporary economic history

Dynamics of Japan’s Trade and Industrial Policy in the Post Rapid Growth Era (1980–2000)

This open access book provides an in-depth examination of Japan's policy responses to the economic challenges of the 1980s and '90s. While MITI's earlier role in promoting rapid growth has been addressed in other studies, this volume, based on official records and exhaustive interviews, is the first to examine the aftermath of rapid growth and the evolution of MITI's interpretation of the economy's changing needs. Covering such topics as the oil shocks, trade conflict with the United States, and the rise and collapse of the so-called bubble economy, it presents a detailed analysis and evaluation of how these challenges were interpreted by government officials, the kinds of policies that were enacted, the extent to which policy aims were realized, and lessons for the longer term. This book is recommended especially to officials of countries concerned about the challenges that follow on high economic growth and to readers interested in Japan’s contemporary economic history

Design, Implementierung und Evaluierung einer virtuellen Maschine für Oz

Diese Arbeit beschreibt Design, Implementierung und Evaluierung einer virtuellen Maschine für die Kernsprache von Oz, die wir mit L bezeichnen. Wir stellen L aus didaktischen Gründen als Erweiterung einer Teilsprache von SML dar. Die wichtigsten Unterschiede von L zu SML sind: logische Variablen, Threads, Synchronisation und dynamische Typisierung. Ausgehend von einer informellen Beschreibung der dynamischen Semantik über ein Graphenmodell entwickeln wir daraus schrittweise auf unterschiedlichen Abstraktionsebenen eine virtuelle Maschine für L. Wir beschreiben zunächst ein einfaches Grundmodell. Darauf aufbauend diskutieren wir verschiedene Optimierungen. Schließlich verfeinern wir weiter, indem wir auf Aspekte der Implementierung des Modells eingehen. Abschließend evaluieren wir die Effektivität der vorgestellten Techniken an einer Reihe von größeren Anwendungen aus der Praxis. Weiter zeigen wir, daß die Implementierung der Sprache kompetitiv ist mit den schnellsten Emulatoren für statisch getypte funktionale Sprachen.This thesis presents the design, implementation and evaluation of a virtual machine for the core language of Oz, which we call L. We present L for didactic reasons as an extension of a sublanguage of SML. The most important differences between L and SML are: logic variables, threads, synchronization and dynamic typing. Starting from an informal description of the dynamic semantics in terms of a graph model, we develop step by step on various levels of abstraction a virtual machine for L. We begin with a simple basic model. We then propose several optimizations of this model. Afterwards we keep refining our approach by addressing specific aspects of the implementation of the model. Finally we evaluate the effectiveness of the techniques using a set of larger real world applications. Further we show, that the implementation of the language is competitive with the fastest emulators for statically typed functional languages

Design, Implementierung und Evaluierung einer virtuellen Maschine für Oz

Diese Arbeit beschreibt Design, Implementierung und Evaluierung einer virtuellen Maschine für die Kernsprache von Oz, die wir mit L bezeichnen. Wir stellen L aus didaktischen Gründen als Erweiterung einer Teilsprache von SML dar. Die wichtigsten Unterschiede von L zu SML sind: logische Variablen, Threads, Synchronisation und dynamische Typisierung. Ausgehend von einer informellen Beschreibung der dynamischen Semantik über ein Graphenmodell entwickeln wir daraus schrittweise auf unterschiedlichen Abstraktionsebenen eine virtuelle Maschine für L. Wir beschreiben zunächst ein einfaches Grundmodell. Darauf aufbauend diskutieren wir verschiedene Optimierungen. Schließlich verfeinern wir weiter, indem wir auf Aspekte der Implementierung des Modells eingehen. Abschließend evaluieren wir die Effektivität der vorgestellten Techniken an einer Reihe von größeren Anwendungen aus der Praxis. Weiter zeigen wir, daß die Implementierung der Sprache kompetitiv ist mit den schnellsten Emulatoren für statisch getypte funktionale Sprachen.This thesis presents the design, implementation and evaluation of a virtual machine for the core language of Oz, which we call L. We present L for didactic reasons as an extension of a sublanguage of SML. The most important differences between L and SML are: logic variables, threads, synchronization and dynamic typing. Starting from an informal description of the dynamic semantics in terms of a graph model, we develop step by step on various levels of abstraction a virtual machine for L. We begin with a simple basic model. We then propose several optimizations of this model. Afterwards we keep refining our approach by addressing specific aspects of the implementation of the model. Finally we evaluate the effectiveness of the techniques using a set of larger real world applications. Further we show, that the implementation of the language is competitive with the fastest emulators for statically typed functional languages