an overview of the current situation and future expectations

Tese de mestrado, Regulação e Avaliação do Medicamento e Produtos de Saúde, 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.Cancro de pâncreas é um dos mais letais tipos de neoplasias e seu diagnóstico tardio é um fator importante no mau prognóstico. Diferentes abordagens terapêuticas disponíveis para este tipo de cancro, sendo frequentes a ressecção do tumor combinada com quimioterapia, radioterapia e imunoterapia. O desenvolvimento de novas e melhores abordagens poderá promover uma ativação direcionada do sistema imunitário com medicamentos celulares para identificar e gerar uma resposta contra as células tumorais. O produto hipotético PANC-XDC é descrito nesta tese como um medicamento autólogo à base de células dendríticas para o tratamento do cancro do pâncreas, tendo como objetivo acelerar uma resposta imunitária, fazendo também com que seja mais forte e direccionada através da aplicação de antigénios específicos do doente. O desenvolvimento, manufatura e aspetos regulatórios são descritos e comparados a outras abordagens terapêuticas.Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest types of cancer and its late diagnosis is an important factor on the poor prognosis. The therapeutic approaches available for this type of cancer are often resection of the tumor combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Development of newer and better approaches could promote a targeted activation of the immune system with cellular based medicinal products to combat the tumor cells. The hypothetical product PANC-XDC is described in this thesis as an autologous dendritic cell-based medicinal product for the treatment of pancreatic cancer aiming for a faster, stronger and specific immune response through the use of patient-specific tumor antigens. The development, manufacture and regulatory aspects regarding the PANC-XDC are described and are compared to other therapeutic approaches

Organic Farming in Germany / Organic Farming in Switzerland

The two papers give a brief overview of the current (2006) organic farming sitation in Germany and in Switzerland. The papers include information about the history of organic farming, the market situation and statistics

An overview of rural extension in Brazil: the current situation

This document is the result of a series of interviews carried out in November 2012 with extensionists, university professors, researchers, technicians, and extension service coordinators from different states in Brazil. A total of 14 professionals from CATI, ESALQUSP, EMPAER-MT, EMBRAPA, and independent consultants were interviewed. The information shared by those professionals was combined to build a narrative, showing an overview of the current rural extension practices in Brazil

THE CURRENT AND FUTURE WORLD FOOD SITUATION: IS THERE AN EMERGING FOOD SHORTAGE?

This paper gives an overview of the current and projected food situation in the U.S. and the world.Food Security and Poverty,

Physicians' migration in Europe: an overview of the current situation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The migration of medical professionals as a result of the expansion of the European Union is cause for concern. But there is a significant lack of information available about this phenomenon.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Search of secondary databases about the presence of european doctors working abroad, through two search engines in the Internet (Google and Pubmed) and a survey of professional organisations and regulators in countries of the European Union.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The United Kingdom has more foreign doctors than all other European countries for which figures are available (Ireland, France, Germany, Norway, Portugal, Italy, Austria and Poland). Some 74,031 foreign doctors are registered in the UK, 30.94% of the total. European countries with the highest percentage of doctors working abroad are Ireland (47.5%, or 10,065 doctors) and Malta (23.1%, 376 doctors). The data obtained from Norway, France and Germany do not indicate an increase in the migration of professionals from countries recently incorporated into the EU.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>There is significant mobility and heterogeneous distribution of doctors within the EEA and it should be cause for concern among health care authorities. However, there is no evidence about a possible increase in this phenomenon after the recent expansion of the EU.</p

Comment on triple gauge boson interactions in the non-commutative electroweak sector

In this comment we present an analysis of electroweak neutral triple gauge boson couplings projected out of the gauge sector of the extended non-commutative standard model. A brief overview of the current experimental situation is given.Comment: 4 page

State Finances in India: A Case for Systemic Reform

This paper provides a self-contained overview of the present problems of state finances in India. It begins with an overview of historical evolution and current institutional structures, including economic, political, administrative and fiscal aspects of India’s federal system. The paper then reviews the current situation of India’s state government finances, going on to consider various developments that have shaped the states’ current fiscal situation, including the roles of national economic reform, the intergovernmental transfer system, tax reform, and local government reform. Policy options for reforming institutions of fiscal federalism system, borrowing mechanisms for the states, and governance are then discussed, with an emphasis on the principle that states should have appropriate incentives for fiscal discipline at the margins of revenue and expenditure.fiscal policy; intergovernmental transfers; incentives; institutional reform

The Mechanism of High-Tc Superconductivity: "Nonlinear" Superconductivity

The main purpose of the paper is to present an overview of the current situation in the development of understanding of the mechanism of high-Tc superconductivity which arises due to moderately strong, nonlinear electron-phonon interactions and due to magnetic (spin) fluctuations.Comment: 9 page

Overview of the current situation relating to chemical engineering degree courses

In 2020, the Conference of Chemical Engineering Directors and Deans (CODDIQ) proposed the creation of an observatory to monitor chemical engineering degrees in Spain. This representative radiography of Chemical Engineering studies offers an initial point to observe the future changes when Royal Decree 822/2021 and proposed challenges in the last Ministerial Conference on the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) will be implanted. The survey data from CODDIQ partners allow us to know important data such as (i) the 24 international quality accreditations at Spanish universities, (ii) the high demand and the required marks, an average of 7.25, for the Chemical Engineering Bachelor’s degree, (iii) 9560 undergraduate students in this degree in Spain and their gender profile which is around 43% of women, similar than women lectures, (iv) the difficulty of this Bachelor’s degree through some indicators like duration of studies (5.25 years), graduation rate (41%) and drop-out rate (26%), (v) the employability after obtaining the Bachelor's degree is very high (>70%). In addition, Chemical engineering undergraduate and graduate students indicate their expectations are covered. In this paper, some consequences of the pandemic on students' performance (lower than before COVID-19) are analyzed, despite lectures tried to innovate in their classes and the university provided adequate tools for online teaching

A PERSPECTIVE ON THE FINANCIAL SITUATION IN AGRICULTURE

My purpose in this presentation is to give an overview or perspective on the financial situation in U.S. agriculture. Since descriptions of the situation are generally available (Easterbrook, J. Lee, Melichar-1985, ERS-USDA, van Blokland), I'll only briefly review the problem and its roots. The major emphasis of my presentation is devoted to two areas: difficulties in addressing current financial problems of the sector, and issues which deserve consideration for the future.Agricultural Finance,