Performance Analysis of Dual-User Macrodiversity MIMO Systems with Linear Receivers in Flat Rayleigh Fading

The performance of linear receivers in the presence of co-channel interference in Rayleigh channels is a fundamental problem in wireless communications. Performance evaluation for these systems is well-known for receive arrays where the antennas are close enough to experience equal average SNRs from a source. In contrast, almost no analytical results are available for macrodiversity systems where both the sources and receive antennas are widely separated. Here, receive antennas experience unequal average SNRs from a source and a single receive antenna receives a different average SNR from each source. Although this is an extremely difficult problem, progress is possible for the two-user scenario. In this paper, we derive closed form results for the probability density function (pdf) and cumulative distribution function (cdf) of the output signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) and signal to noise ratio (SNR) of minimum mean squared error (MMSE) and zero forcing (ZF) receivers in independent Rayleigh channels with arbitrary numbers of receive antennas. The results are verified by Monte Carlo simulations and high SNR approximations are also derived. The results enable further system analysis such as the evaluation of outage probability, bit error rate (BER) and capacity.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figures; IEEE Transaction of Wireless Communication 2012 Corrected typo

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MRC-SC MACRODIVERSITY RECEPTION OVER GENERALIZED FADING CHANNELS

This paper shows a detailed statistical characterization of a specific system configuration consisting of one multibranch maximal-ratio-combining (MRC) and one selection-combining (SC) micro-level base station, and SC back processing unit at macro level. Primarily, the scenario of the independent and identically distributed generalized-K fading channels is investigated. After that, the correlated branches at SC-based micro-level are assumed. The outage probability and the error probability performance for both cases are defined. According to the presented analytical analysis, numerical results are obtained. Also, the impact of the number of MRC and SC input branches, the impact of the fading/shadowing factor, the predefined outage threshold, the average signal-to-noise ratios and the correlation coefficient on the specified system performance is shown. Simulations validate the accuracy of the proposed analytical analysis

Level crossing rate of SC receiver over gamma shadowed Weibull multipath fading channel

U ovom radu je razmotren bežični telekomunikacijski sustav sa SC prijemnikom koji radi u prisustvu Weibull-ovog fedinga i Gamma sjenke. Utjecaj Weibull-ovog fedinga na primljeni signal se ogleda u promjeni anvelope signala, a utjecaj Gamma sjenke u promjeni snage izlaznog signala. SC prijemnik se koristi za smanjenje utjecaja fedinga i sjenke na karakteristike sustava. Izraz za srednji broj osnih presjeka izlaznog signala iz SC prijemnika je izveden u zatvorenom obliku. Dobiveni rezultati se mogu koristiti za izračunavanje prosječnog trajanja otkaza bežičnog sustava. Numerički rezultati su predstavljeni grafički, kako bi se prikazao utjecaj parametara fedinga i sjenke na karakteristike sustava.The wireless telecommunication system consisting of selection combining (SC) receiver which works in Gamma shadowed Weibull multiple-faded channel is discussed in this work. The received signal suffers Weibull small scale fading which leads in variation of the signal envelope and Gamma large scale fading which results in variation of the SC receiver output signal envelope power. SC receiver is utilized to abate the impact of Gamma large scale fading effects and Weibull small scale fading effects on system characteristics. The formula for average level crossing rate (LCR) of signal envelope at SC combiner output is performed in the closed shape. The result we get can be applied to calculate the average fade duration (AFD) of such wireless systems. The obtained solutions are plotted in a few graphs to point out the impact of Weibull fading envelope severity parameter and Gamma shadowing severity parameter on system features

Performance analysis of wireless communication system in general fading environment subjected to shadowing and interference

In this paper, performance analysis of wireless communication over α−η−μ fading channels has been investigated. First, analysis has been carried out for the case when communication is subjected to the influence of co-channel interference. Closed-form expressions have been derived for the probability density function and cumulative distribution function of the received signal-to-interference ratio. Outage probability has been obtained for this case, in the function of various values of system parameters, and also for the case when selection diversity has been presented at the reception. Further, simultaneous multipath fading and shadowing occurrence has been analyzed, through deriving novel composite Gamma long-time faded α−η−μ fading distribution. First-order statistical parameters have been obtained in closed form, for this novel composite distribution, and capitalizing on them, standard performance measures have been efficiently evaluated, graphically presented and discussed in the function of system parameters

Performanse bežičnog telekomunikacionog sistema u prisustvu n-m fedinga

In this thesis characteristics of wireless communication system operating over η-μ fading channel are considered together with diversity reception techniques which reduce the influence of η-μ fading on the system’s outage probability, average bit error rate, channel capacity, level crossing rate and average fade duration. Performance improvement is very significant within radio systems operating into cell network configuration. Cell network configuration realization could be used for increasing capacity of wireless communication system. With the increase of number of cells, i.e. with reducing the surface area of each cell, channel capacity increases. With the increase of number of cells, co-channel interference level increase, which degrades system performance values. In this work the compromise between the system capacity and reception quality is inquired. By applying diversity reception techniques, system performance values, degraded by the influences of slow fading, multipath fading and co-channel interference, are improved, so it is possible to reduce the cell area and to increase system capacity. In the second part of Phd thesis, various distributions for modeling the envelope variations in fading channels have been presented, cases in which these models are used have been pointed out, and advantages and imperfections of corresponding models for corresponding propagation scenarios have been presented. In third chapter, statistical characteristics of the first order of η-μ random variable, α-η-μ random variable and squared η-μ random variable are considered. For each mentioned variables, expressions for probability density function, cumulative distributive function, characteristic function and moments have been derived. Also for each observed case sum of two random variables, product of two random variables, ratio of two random variables, maximal value of two random variables and minimum value of two random variables have been determined. Obtained results are used for determining performances of wirelles reception with applied diversity technique for mitigation fading influence on system performances. Based on obtained expressions, graphs are depicted for probability density functions and cumulative distribution functions for the various values of propagation environment parameters. Probability density function and cumulative distribution function values are also graphically presented for α-η-μ random variable in the function of α and μ parameter change. For the purpose of performance analysis in η-μ fading environment, in the fourth chapter have been considered transformations of three η-μ random variables. Based on presented transformations of η-μ random variables, transmission performances estimation has been conducted, for the η-μ fading channel. Estimation of signal performances for the cases when diversity techniques are applied are carried out based on standard signal performance measures, i.e. outage probability (OP), average bit error probability (ABER), for observed modulation format and channel capacity. Graphically are presented ABER values for various values of system parameters when transmission is carried out with different modulation formats. By comparing obtained values it can be seen received signal performance improvement for the cases when diversity techniques are apliied over the reception case when there is no diversity technique applied. In the fifth chapter statistical characteristics of the second order of η-μ radnom proccess, and random proccesses which represent various variations of η-μ radnom proccess, are considered. Brand new random proccesses, for describing fading in special channel conditions are fromed. For all this cases level crossing rates are determined. In the sixth chapter of this Phd thesis are considered wireless communication systems with reception with applied diversity techniques for mitigating the influence of η-μ fading on system performances. Space diveristy technique has been used. Useful signals are accepted at the antennas, envelopes of these signals are combined and decision is made based on the signal values at the combiner outputs. System performances are determined for the cases of SC and MRC combining. For bouth cases probability density function and cumulative distribution function of the signal at the combiners outouts are derived, as well as the average bit error rate for the various used modualtion formats and level crossing rate. Results for ABER for various modulation formats are graphically presented as well as the improvement of the outage probability at the reception obtained by applying SC with two reception branches. In this part it has also been considered the case when bouth desired and interferring signal are described with η-μ distribution, as well as the case when desired signal has been described with η-μ distribution while interference has been described with κ-μ distribution. In the seventh chapter macrodiversity sistem with SC reception and two MRC microdiversity combiners has been considered. At the inputs at the microdiversity combiners η-μ fading is present, while at the inputs as macrodiversity combiners slow Gamma fading is present. For this model of system it has been calculated probability density function, cumulative distribution function, characteristic function, moments, variance, outage probability and level crossing rate for the signal at the macrodiversity combiner output. Results obtained for level croosing rate at the macrodiversity combiner output are graphically presented

Povećanje informacionog kapaciteta i pouzdanosti u bežičnim optičkim komunikacijama primenom algoritama adaptivnog prenosa

This dissertation considers adaptive transmission algorithms and their influence towards increasing information capacity and system reliability. Theses algorithms are applied to optical wireless communications, as well as to radio-frequency system with diversity receiver. System of adaptive transmission is described in detail, and different algorithms of adaptation are applied: ORA, OPRA, CIFR, and TIFR. Derived probability density function combines influence of atmospheric turbulence, atmospheric losses and positioning errors that consist of laser pointing precision and jitter. FSO system without adaptation is also considered. For this case, bit-error rate and outage probability are determined when signal is exposed to different strengths of atmospheric turbulence, when there is atmospheric attenuation and positioning errors due to both main causes, when IM/DD and heterodyne detection are used. Power penalty is also determined for such system. Bit-error rate is also determined for the case when SIM is used in combination with binary modulation and quadrature amplitude modulation. Capacity analysis is given for the use of ORA, OPRA, CIFR and TIFR adaptive transmission algorithms, and for IM/DD and heterodyne detection cases. Algorithms used for transmitter power adaptation are additionally analyzed and improved with an aim to obtain realistic and functional systems. Based on analytical expression, simulation model is developed for adaptive transmission systems, which is used to validate numerical results. Approximate expressions are also given for used adaptive algorithms. Finally, adaptive transmission is considered also for a class of wireless RF systems. Fading model used is based on α-κ-μ distribution. Outage probability and amount of fading are given as representative performance measures. Besides adaptive transmission algorithms used in FSO systems, analysis of space diversity reception is also presented for the general case of using L antennas

Primena tehnika kombinovanja kod bežičnih telekomunikacionih sistema u prisustvu smetnje

Research results shown in this thesis consider selection combining space diversity systems. Weibull fading model is used to describe a desired signal and interference in a wireless telecommunication channel. In an interference-limited environment, like a cellular communication system, the level of cochannel interference is sufficiently high compared to noise so that it can be neglected. In that case, a selection combining receiver can employ different combining algorithms, that can be used to forward the chosen signal to the output of the receiver. After the theoretical basis, which is given at the beginning of the thesis, a detailed analysis of space diversity systems that use different selection algorithms is presented. The system performance is analyzed using one of the proposed criteria: maximal signal-tointerference ratio, maximal desired signal, maximal total signal, and minimal interference. For a system employing each of these algorithms, a detailed analysis of statistical characteristics of first and second order is given using the expressions derived in this thesis. The first focus is on deriving the expressions for probability density function of instantaneous signal-to-interference ratio at the output of selection combining receiver employing each of the previously mentioned algorithms. Based on the derived expressions, numerical results are presented for statistical characteristics of the first order, namely outage probability, average bit error probability, average signal-to-interference ratio and channel capacity. Additionally, for the statistical characteristics of the second order, which are level crossing rate and average fade duration, expressions for joint probability density function of instantaneous signal-tointerference ratio and its time derivative are derived. A new mathematical approach for obtaining analytical expression for probability density function of instantaneous signal-to-interference ratio at the output of selection combining receiver with two branches that uses maximal signal-to-noise ratio algorithm is presented. Considering that mobile terminals are relatively small, the distance between receiving antennas is not large enough to be neglected. Therefore, the correlation between the branches is included in the analysis of statistical characteristics of the first order. Due to easier mathematical manipulation, statistical characteristics of second order do not consider correlation between receiving branches. Numerical results obtained using the expressions derived in this thesis for different decision algorithms are presented graphically. The illustrations show the influence of fading severity, correlation between the desired signals, as well as the interfering ones and balanced and unbalanced inputs for each of mentioned algorithms on outage probability, average bit error probability, average signal-to-interference ratio and channel capacity. The results for second order statistics for dual branch selection diversity system operating in Weibull fading environment were compared for a system that employs two selection algorithms, algorithm based on maximal signal-to-interference ratio, as most frequently used one, and algorithm based on minimal interference, the algorithm that was not exploited in literature. The main contribution of this thesis lies in obtained results for statistical characteristics and performance of the system that uses four proposed algorithms at receiver side. The presented analysis of selection diversity system for given channel conditions can be applied to achieve optimized solutions of wireless system design

Performance Analysis of Adaptive Modulation and Mimo Systems Applying Macroscopic Diversity Technologies

School of Electrical and Computer Engineerin

Application of diverse techniques to reduce the impact of α-k-μ-g and k-μ-g feding on wireless performance

U ovoj tezi izvršena je analiza performansi bežičnog prenosa_signala_u_prisustvu α-k-μ-g i k-μ-g fedinga_u_kanalu. Izvedeni_su_izrazi u zatvorenom obliku za funkcije_gustine verovatnoće_raspodele i kumulativnu_funkciju_raspodele odnosa signal-šum (SNR) na prijemu kada se bežični prenos vrši kroz kanale sa fedingom. Primenjene_su_standardne_mere_kvaliteta odnosno_performansi_primljenog_signala, kao što su verovatnoća otkaza (OP - Outage probability) i srednji broj osnih preseka (LCR- Level Crossing Rate), koje su_dobijene za_slučajeve_prenosa u funkciji različitih vrednosti parametara sistema. Poboljšanje ovih mera performansi analizirano je za slučaj kada su kada su na prijemnoj_strani_korišćene_prostorne diverziti tehnike_kombinovanja. U tezi je razmatrano nekoliko tehnika_kombinovanja_signala na prijemu. Korišćene_su_tehnika selektivnog_kombinovanja_signala (SC-Selection Combining) i tehnika_kombinacija_signala_sa_maksimalnim_odnosom (MRC-Maximal Ratio Combining), u cilju_procene_mogućnosti_slabljenja_uticaja fedinga pri prenosu signala u kanalu. Izvršena je i analiza_istovremenog_uticaja pojavljive_fedinga i efekta_senke pri bežičnom_prenosu_signala, a razmatrane su mogućnosti_istovremene_primene tehnika makro-diverziti_kombinovanja gore navedenih prostornih diverziti tehnika, kako_bi_se_smanjili ovi štetni efekti uticaja smetnji i poboljšao_kvalitet_signala_na_prijemnoj_strani. Rezultati_dobijeni u_ovoj_tezi, pokazuju da se primenom_pristupa_predloženih u disertaciji_može postići smanjenje štetnih efekata α-k-μ-g i k-μ-g fedinga u kanalu pri_različitim_scenarijima_bežičnog prenosa

Performanse kooperativnih bežičnih telekomunikacionih sistema i mogućnosti povećanja kapaciteta kanala u prisustvu fedinga i međukanalne interferencije

In order to improve the performance of the wireless signal transmission system in the presence of various types of interference, new methods of combining diversion techniques in the relay and on the receiving side have been proposed. When using diversi, the combining technique has shown a significant improvement in the performance of wireless relay signal transmission, and thus a lower probability of system failure. Increasing the capacity of wireless telecommunications systems is feasible in terms of fixed bandwidth and specified modulation format by using the cooperative concept to increase the signal strength to noise and interference ratio. By using mobile stations as a relay, performance improvement can be achieved in M2M communication, which can be rationally used to increase channel information capacity and transmission reliability. A more detailed analysis has been conducted and can answer questions about quantitative measures of improvement in the conditions of fading and inter-channel interference. The cases of relay transmission are discussed, as well as the possibility of applying a diversion technique to improve performance in conditions of simultaneous reception of a signal through a direct connection and through a relay. For the above cases, standard performance measures will be determined using statistical telecommunications theory