804 research outputs found
Synergizing Roadway Infrastructure Investment with Digital Infrastructure for Infrastructure-Based Connected Vehicle Applications: Review of Current Status and Future Directions
The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.The safety, mobility, environmental and economic benefits of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) are potentially dramatic. However, realization of these benefits largely hinges on the timely upgrading of the existing transportation system. CAVs must be enabled to send and receive data to and from other vehicles and drivers (V2V communication) and to and from infrastructure (V2I communication). Further, infrastructure and the transportation agencies that manage it must be able to collect, process, distribute and archive these data quickly, reliably, and securely. This paper focuses on current digital roadway infrastructure initiatives and highlights the importance of including digital infrastructure investment alongside more traditional infrastructure investment to keep up with the auto industry's push towards this real time communication and data processing capability. Agencies responsible for transportation infrastructure construction and management must collaborate, establishing national and international platforms to guide the planning, deployment and management of digital infrastructure in their jurisdictions. This will help create standardized interoperable national and international systems so that CAV technology is not deployed in a haphazard and uncoordinated manner
Towards Transportation Digital Twin Systems for Traffic Safety and Mobility Applications: A Review
Digital twin (DT) systems aim to create virtual replicas of physical objects
that are updated in real time with their physical counterparts and evolve
alongside the physical assets throughout its lifecycle. Transportation systems
are poised to significantly benefit from this new paradigm. In particular, DT
technology can augment the capabilities of intelligent transportation systems.
However, the development and deployment of networkwide transportation DT
systems need to take into consideration the scale and dynamic nature of future
connected and automated transportation systems. Motivated by the need of
understanding the requirements and challenges involved in developing and
implementing such systems, this paper proposes a hierarchical concept for a
Transportation DT (TDT) system starting from individual transportation assets
and building up to the entire networkwide TDT. A reference architecture is
proposed for TDT systems that could be used as a guide in developing TDT
systems at any scale within the presented hierarchical concept. In addition,
several use cases are presented based upon the reference architecture which
illustrate the utility of a TDT system from transportation safety, mobility and
environmental applications perspective. This is followed by a review of current
studies in the domain of TDT systems. Finally, the critical challenges and
promising future research directions in TDT are discussed to overcome existing
barriers to realize a safe and operationally efficient connected and automated
transportation systems.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures; corrected issue in author(s) fiel
Street Smart in 5G : Vehicular Applications, Communication, and Computing
Recent advances in information technology have revolutionized the automotive industry, paving the way for next-generation smart vehicular mobility. Specifically, vehicles, roadside units, and other road users can collaborate to deliver novel services and applications that leverage, for example, big vehicular data and machine learning. Relatedly, fifth-generation cellular networks (5G) are being developed and deployed for low-latency, high-reliability, and high bandwidth communications. While 5G adjacent technologies such as edge computing allow for data offloading and computation at the edge of the network thus ensuring even lower latency and context-awareness. Overall, these developments provide a rich ecosystem for the evolution of vehicular applications, communications, and computing. Therefore in this work, we aim at providing a comprehensive overview of the state of research on vehicular computing in the emerging age of 5G and big data. In particular, this paper highlights several vehicular applications, investigates their requirements, details the enabling communication technologies and computing paradigms, and studies data analytics pipelines and the integration of these enabling technologies in response to application requirements.Peer reviewe
Optimization of vehicular networks in smart cities: from agile optimization to learnheuristics and simheuristics
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a fundamental component of intelligent transportation systems in smart cities. With the support of open and real-time data, these networks of inter-connected vehicles constitute an ‘Internet of vehicles’ with the potential to significantly enhance citizens’ mobility and last-mile delivery in urban, peri-urban, and metropolitan areas. However, the proper coordination and logistics of VANETs raise a number of optimization challenges that need to be solved. After reviewing the state of the art on the concepts of VANET optimization and open data in smart cities, this paper discusses some of the most relevant optimization challenges in this area. Since most of the optimization problems are related to the need for real-time solutions or to the consideration of uncertainty and dynamic environments, the paper also discusses how some VANET challenges can be addressed with the use of agile optimization algorithms and the combination of metaheuristics with simulation and machine learning methods. The paper also offers a numerical analysis that measures the impact of using these optimization techniques in some related problems. Our numerical analysis, based on real data from Open Data Barcelona, demonstrates that the constructive heuristic outperforms the random scenario in the CDP combined with vehicular networks, resulting in maximizing the minimum distance between facilities while meeting capacity requirements with the fewest facilities.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
MIGRATE: mobile device virtualisation through state transfer
Delegation of processing tasks to the network has moved from cloud-based schemes to edge computing solutions where nearby servers process requests in a timely manner. Virtualisation technologies have recently given data cloud and network providers the required flexibility to offer such on-demand resources. However, the maintenance of close computing resources presents a challenge when the served devices are on the move. In this case, if processing continuity is desired, a transference of processing resources and task state should be committed to maintain the service to end devices. The solution here presented, MIGRATE, proposes the concept of virtual mobile devices (vMDs) implemented as Virtual Functions (VxF) and acting as virtual representatives of physical processing devices. vMDs are instantiated at the edge of the access network, following a Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) approach, and move across different virtualisation domains. MIGRATE provides seamless and efficient transference of these software entities to follow the real location of mobile devices and continue supporting their physical counterparts. Software Defined Networks and Management and Operation functions are exploited to “migrate” vMDs to new virtualisation domains by forwarding data flows to the former domain until the new one is prepared, while a distributed data base avoids the transference of data. The solution has been deployed in a reference vehicular scenario at the Institute of Telecommunications Aveiro premises within the 5GINFIRE European project. In particular, the system has been evaluated under different virtualisation domains to study the operation of the migration approach in a vehicular monitoring scenario. The results validate the system from the application viewpoint with a Web monitoring tool, and the migration of the digital twin provided as VxF is analysed attending to the modification of data flows, indicating a seamless transition between virtualisation domains in a timely manner.publishe
An overview of VANET vehicular networks
Today, with the development of intercity and metropolitan roadways and with
various cars moving in various directions, there is a greater need than ever
for a network to coordinate commutes. Nowadays, people spend a lot of time in
their vehicles. Smart automobiles have developed to make that time safer, more
effective, more fun, pollution-free, and affordable. However, maintaining the
optimum use of resources and addressing rising needs continues to be a
challenge given the popularity of vehicle users and the growing diversity of
requests for various services. As a result, VANET will require modernized
working practices in the future. Modern intelligent transportation management
and driver assistance systems are created using cutting-edge communication
technology. Vehicular Ad-hoc networks promise to increase transportation
effectiveness, accident prevention, and pedestrian comfort by allowing
automobiles and road infrastructure to communicate entertainment and traffic
information. By constructing thorough frameworks, workflow patterns, and update
procedures, including block-chain, artificial intelligence, and SDN (Software
Defined Networking), this paper addresses VANET-related technologies, future
advances, and related challenges. An overview of the VANET upgrade solution is
given in this document in order to handle potential future problems
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