5 research outputs found

    ์ „๊ธฐ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ ๊ณต์œ  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ต์ฒด์™€ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ์ž‘์—… ์ตœ์ ํ™”

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ, 2021. 2. ๋ฐ•๊ฑด์ˆ˜.In this thesis, we consider a battery swapping and mobility inventory rebalancing problem arising in electric micro-mobility sharing systems. Vehicles are equipped with swappable batteries and they are managed by staffs' visiting each vehicle and changing depleted batteries. With the free-floating property of the system, vehicles can locate anywhere in a service area without designated stations, which increases the difficulty to visit and collect every single vehicle. In order to successfully meet user demand during the daytime, operators have to redistribute the vehicles with the right number in the right place and swap batteries with insufficient levels into fully charged ones overnight. Therefore, it is essential that operators take battery charging(swapping), staff routing, rebalancing problem all together into consideration. We aim to satisfy demand as much as possible and at the same time minimize routing and swapping costs. We formulate this problem in a mixed integer linear programming. Target inventory level for rebalancing, an important parameter used in the system, is suggested by analyzing a stochastic process that incorporates demand changes. Being a special case of vehicle routing problem with pickup and delivery, it shares the difficulty and complexity of VRP in practically large size. So as to give efficient solutions in large size problems, we develop a Cluster-first Route-second heuristic where a set partitioning problem considers inventory imbalances and approximates routing distances. We benchmark our heuristic approach on a pure MLIP formulation. The experimental result confirms that the heuristic is good at decomposing a large problem and gives efficient solutions even in practically large instances.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ต์ฒดํ˜• ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ ๊ณต์œ  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ต์ฒด ๋ฐ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„  ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๊ณผ ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถฐ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์žฌ๊ณ  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ์˜ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ์ž‘์—…๊ณผ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์œ ์ง€์‹œ์ผœ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ์˜ ๊ต์ฒด ์ž‘์—…์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ถฉ์ „์†Œ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์˜ฎ๊ธธ ํ•„์š” ์—†์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ต์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹ด๋‹น ์ง์›์ด ์‚ฐ๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ๋“ค์„ ์ˆœํšŒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์œ„ ์ž‘์—…๋“ค์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋™ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋น„์šฉ ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž‘์—… ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ์ถฉ์ „ ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ free-floating ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ ๊ณต์œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ด์šฉ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ stochastic process๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์ถฉ์ „ ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ข‹์€ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ, ํ•ด๋‹น ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋“ค์„ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ์Šคํƒœํ”„๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์™€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํœด๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ฑ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์Šคํƒœํ”„๋ฅผ ์ˆœํšŒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ง์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž‘์€ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ์—๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ช…์˜ ์Šคํƒœํ”„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์ •๋˜๊ณ , ํ•œ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์†Œ์†๋œ ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…๋“ค์„ ํ•œ ๋ช…์˜ ์Šคํƒœํ”„๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์†Œ๊ฑธ์นจ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ทผ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ set partitioning ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€์–ด ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ง์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋œ ํœด๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ฑ์€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋‚ด์— ๋” ์ข‹์€ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Related literature 6 1.2.1 Rebalancing in bike sharing systems 6 1.2.2 Charging and rebalancing in free-floating electric vehicle(FFEV) sharing 9 1.2.3 Charging of electric micro-mobility with swappable batteries 10 1.3 Motivation and contributions 12 1.4 Organization of the thesis 14 Chapter 2. Mathematical formulations 15 2.1 Basic assumptions and problem description 15 2.2 Demand Modeling and Target Inventory 18 2.3 Mixed integer linear programming formulation 23 Chapter 3. Heuristic approach 30 3.1 Cluster-first route-second approach 31 3.2 Clustering problem with routing cost approximation 33 3.2.1 Minimum spanning tree approximation 33 3.2.2 Clustering problem 35 3.2.3 Cluster-first Route-second heuristic 41 Chapter 4. Computational experiments 42 4.1 Design of experiment 42 4.2 Comparative Analysis 47 Chapter 5. Conclusion 52Maste

    Optimal Charging and Repositioning of Electric Vehicles in a Free-Floating Carsharing System

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    Carsharing has received increased attention from the Operations Research community in recent years. Currently, many systems are adopting electric vehicles that require charging when battery levels fall below a given level. To do this, staff is often used to move cars to charging stations. Repositioning cars, rather than simply moving them to the closest charging station, might provide a better distribution of cars and in turn generate increased revenue and customer service while only marginally increase the operational costs. We present a mathematical model for the problem of charging and repositioning a fleet of shared electric cars. The model considers the assignment of cars to charging stations and the routing of staff and service vehicles. The complexity of the resulting mixed integer program makes it impossible to solve real world instances using a commercial solver. Therefore, we propose a new Hybrid Genetic Search with Adaptive Diversity Control algorithm. Tests based on data from a real life carsharing organization demonstrate that the proposed method can handle real size instances and that combining repositioning and charging operations can give significant benefits
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