PAPR Reduction Method based on In-phase/Quadrature Data Symbol Components in MIMO-OFDM Systems

To overcome unpredictable spikes in the peak-toaverage power ratio (PAPR) in the presence of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) for multi-input-multioutput (MIMO) systems, implementation of a new SLM scheme is presented in this paper, which is extended from our previous study of IQ-SLM in SISO-OFDM system. In each transmit antenna, both real and imaginary parts of the base-band data symbol were modified independently using a corresponding phase element within a commonly generated phase vector, instead of modifying the complex data symbol as a single component. After applying an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) for the real, imaginary, and original base-band vectors, the minimum PAPR component was observed. Therefore, the phase vector that introduced the minimal PAPR was considered to convert the original data block for transmission. This technique is called the In-phase/Quadrature-SLM (IQ-SLM) scheme. In this proposal, only U phase vectors were generated to treat all Nt data blocks, simultaneously, unlike the conventional MIMO-SLM techniques which generate UNt candidate phase blocks. The thing which, in turn, can be considered as a further computational complexity reduction, specifically in data-phase conversion stages. As a result, in terms of the complementary cumulative distribution function of PAPR performance(CCDF-PAPR), the proposal achieved a greater decibel reduction than conventional SLM methods such as dSLM, oSLM, and sSLM, at different subcarrier lengths N, candidate phase vectors U, transmit antennas Nt. Also, it shows a comparable BER performances over the dSLM scheme referencing to the theoretical curves, in the case where Nt ≤ Nr for both zero-forcing (ZF) and ZF with vertical Bell laboratories layered space-time (V-BLAST) detector

Generalized DFT: extensions in communications

Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is a restricted version of Generalized DFT (GDFT) which offers a very limited number of sets to be used in a multicarrier communication system. In contrast, as an extension on Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) from the linear phase to non-linear phase, the proposed GDFT provides many possible carrier sets of various lengths with comparable or better performance than DFT. The availability of the rich library of orthogonal constant amplitude transforms with good performance allows people to design adaptive systems where user code allocations are made dynamically to exploit the current channel conditions in order to deliver better performance. For MIMO Radar systems, the ideal case to detect a moving target is when all waveforms are orthogonal, which can provide an accurate estimation. But this is not practical in distributed MIMO radars, where sensors are at varying distances from a target. Orthogonal waveforms with low auto- and cross-correlations are of great interest for MIMO radar applications with distributed antennas. Finite length orthogonal codes are required in real-world applications where frequency selectivity and signal correlation features of the optimal subspace are compromised. In the first part of the dissertation, a method is addressed to design optimal waveforms which meets above requirements for various radar systems by designing the phase shaping function (PSF) of GDFT framework with non-linear phase. Multicarrier transmission such as orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) has seen a rise in popularity in wireless communication, as it offers a promising choice for high speed data rate transmission. Meanwhile, high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is one of the well-known drawbacks of the OFDM system due to reduced power efficiency in non-linear modules. Such a situation leads to inefficient amplification and increases the cost of the system, or increases in interference and signal distortion. Therefore, PAPR reduction techniques play an essential role to improve power efficiency in the OFDM systems. There has been a variety of PAPR reduction methods emphasizing different aspects proposed in the literature. The trade-off for PAPR reduction in the existing methods is either increased average power and/or added computational complexity. A new PAPR reduction scheme is proposed that implements a pre-designed symbol alphabet modifier matrix (SAM) to jointly modify the amplitude and phase values of the original data symbol alphabets prior to the IFFT operation of an OFDM system at the transmitter. The method formulated with the GDFT offers a low-complexity framework in four proposed cases devised to be independent of original data symbols. Without degrading the bit error rate (BER) performance, it formulates PAPR reduction problem elegantly and outperforms partial transmit sequences (PTS), selected mapping technique (SLM) and Walsh Hadamard transform (WHT-OFDM) significantly for the communication scenarios considered in the dissertation

Digital signal processing techniques for peak-to-average power ratio mitigation in MIMO–OFDM systems

The focus of this thesis is to mitigate the very large peak-to-average transmit power ratios (PAPRs) inherent to conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, particularly in the context of transmission over multi-input multi-output (MIMO) wireless broadband channels. This problem is important as a large PAPR generally needs an expensive radio frequency (RF) power amplifier at the transmitter due to the requirement for linear operation over a wide amplitude range and such a cost would be compounded when multiple transmit antennas are used. Advanced signal processing techniques which can reduce PAPR whilst retain the integrity of digital transmission therefore have considerable potential for application in emergent MIMO–OFDM wireless systems and form the technical contributions of this study. [Continues.

Intelligent Processing in Wireless Communications Using Particle Swarm Based Methods

There are a lot of optimization needs in the research and design of wireless communica- tion systems. Many of these optimization problems are Nondeterministic Polynomial (NP) hard problems and could not be solved well. Many of other non-NP-hard optimization problems are combinatorial and do not have satisfying solutions either. This dissertation presents a series of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based search and optimization algorithms that solve open research and design problems in wireless communications. These problems are either avoided or solved approximately before. PSO is a bottom-up approach for optimization problems. It imposes no conditions on the underlying problem. Its simple formulation makes it easy to implement, apply, extend and hybridize. The algorithm uses simple operators like adders, and multipliers to travel through the search space and the process requires just five simple steps. PSO is also easy to control because it has limited number of parameters and is less sensitive to parameters than other swarm intelligence algorithms. It is not dependent on initial points and converges very fast. Four types of PSO based approaches are proposed targeting four different kinds of problems in wireless communications. First, we use binary PSO and continuous PSO together to find optimal compositions of Gaussian derivative pulses to form several UWB pulses that not only comply with the FCC spectrum mask, but also best exploit the avail- able spectrum and power. Second, three different PSO based algorithms are developed to solve the NLOS/LOS channel differentiation, NLOS range error mitigation and multilateration problems respectively. Third, a PSO based search method is proposed to find optimal orthogonal code sets to reduce the inter carrier interference effects in an frequency redundant OFDM system. Fourth, a PSO based phase optimization technique is proposed in reducing the PAPR of an frequency redundant OFDM system. The PSO based approaches are compared with other canonical solutions for these communication problems and showed superior performance in many aspects. which are confirmed by analysis and simulation results provided respectively. Open questions and future Open questions and future works for the dissertation are proposed to serve as a guide for the future research efforts

Enhanced Multicarrier Techniques for Professional Ad-Hoc and Cell-Based Communications (EMPhAtiC) Document Number D3.3 Reduction of PAPR and non linearities effects

Livrable d'un projet Européen EMPHATICLike other multicarrier modulation techniques, FBMC suffers from high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), impacting its performance in the presence of a nonlinear high power amplifier (HPA) in two ways. The first impact is an in-band distortion affecting the error rate performance of the link. The second impact is an out-of-band effect appearing as power spectral density (PSD) regrowth, making the coexistence between FBMC based broad-band Professional Mobile Radio (PMR) systems with existing narrowband systems difficult to achieve. This report addresses first the theoretical analysis of in-band HPA distortions in terms of Bit Error Rate. Also, the out-of band impact of HPA nonlinearities is studied in terms of PSD regrowth prediction. Furthermore, the problem of PAPR reduction is addressed along with some HPA linearization techniques and nonlinearity compensation approaches

A Closed Form Selected Mapping Algorithm for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Multicarrier Transmission

Nowadays, the demand for communication multi-carriers' channels, where the sub-channels are made mutually independent by using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), is widespread both for wireless and wired communication systems. Even if OFDM is a spectrally efficient modulation scheme, due to the allowed number of subcarriers, high data rate, and good coverage, the transmitted signal can present high peak values in the time domain, due to inverse fast Fourier transform operations. This gives rise to high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) with respect to single carrier systems. These peaks can saturate the transmitting amplifiers, modifying the shape of the OFDM symbol and affecting its information content, and they give rise to electromagnetic compatibility issues for the surrounding electric devices. In this paper, a closed form PAPR reduction algorithm is proposed, which belongs to selected mapping (SLM) methods. These methods consist in shifting the phases of the components to minimize the amplitude of the peaks. The determination of the optimal set of phase shifts is a very complex problem; therefore, the SLM approaches proposed in literature all resort to iterative algorithms. Moreover, as this calculation must be performed online, both the computational cost and the effect on the bit rate (BR) cannot be established a priori. The proposed analytic algorithm finds the optimal phase shifts of an approximated formulation of the PAPR. Simulation results outperform unprocessed conventional OFDM transmission by several dBs. Moreover, the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) shows that, in most of the packets, the proposed algorithm reduces the PAPR if compared with randomly selected phase shifts. For example, with a number of shifted phases U=8, the CCFD curves corresponding to the analytical and random methods intersect at a probability value equal to 10(-2), which means that in 99% of cases the former method reduces the PAPR more than the latter one. This is also confirmed by the value of the gain, which, at the same number of shifted phases and at the probability value equal to 10(-1), changes from 2.09 dB for the analytical to 1.68 dB for the random SLM

ON THE PAPR REDUCTION IN OFDM SYSTEMS: A NOVEL ZCT PRECODING BASED SLM TECHNIQUE

High Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction is still an important challenge in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In this paper, we propose a novel Zadoff-Chu matrix Transform (ZCT) precoding based Selected Mapping (SLM) technique for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems. This technique is based on precoding the constellation symbols with ZCT precoder after the multiplication of phase rotation factor and before the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) in the SLM based OFDM (SLM-OFDM) Systems. Computer simulation results show that, the proposed technique can reduce PAPR up to 5.2 dB for N=64 (System subcarriers) and V=16 (Dissimilar phase sequences), at clip rate of 10-3. Additionally, ZCT based SLM-OFDM (ZCT-SLM-OFDM) systems also take advantage of frequency variations of the communication channel and can also offer substantial performance gain in fading multipath channels

Multicarrier-signal design with low peaks and low out-of-band power

Projecte fet en col.laboració amb el Department of Electrical and Information Technology. Lund UniversityThe high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and the high out-of-band power (OBP) are two major drawbacks of multicarrier communication systems. Many PAPR reduction and OBP supression techniques have been proposed in the literature whereas not much has been proposed regarding the jointly reduction performance. This thesis focuses on joint reducing time-domain peaks and out-of-band leakage of OFDM signals. The resulting algorithm combines the bene ts of both methods and yields better results than each method does separately