Optimal Petri net supervisor with lowest implemental cost for flexible manufacturing systems

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=6059027tag=1This paper develops a place invariant based deadlock prevention method to obtain an optimal Petri net supervisor by considering its implemental cost. A supervisor is expressed by control places and the arcs connecting control places to transitions. We assign an implemental cost for each control place and arc. Maximally permissiveness can be achieved by designing place invariants that make all legal markings reachable while all first-met bad marking unreachable. By solving an integer linear programming problem (ILPP), a set of optimal control places are obtained and the objective function is used to minimize the implemental cost of the final supervisor. A vector covering approach is used to reduce the number of constraints and variables in the ILPP, aiming to reduce the computational overhead of the proposed method. Finally, a number of examples are used to illustrate the proposed approac

Technology 2003: Conference Proceedings from the Fourth National Technology Transfer Conference and Exposition, Volume 1

Proceedings from symposia of the Technology 2003 Conference and Exposition, December 7-9, I993, Anaheim, CA. Volume 1 features the Plenary Session and the Plenary Workshop, plus papers presented in Advanced Manufacturing, Biotechnology/Medical Technology, Environmental Technology, Materials Science, and Power and Energy

Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction towards E-shopping in Malaysia

Online shopping or e-shopping has changed the world of business and quite a few people have decided to work with these features. What their primary concerns precisely and the responses from the globalisation are the competency of incorporation while doing their businesses. E-shopping has also increased substantially in Malaysia in recent years. The rapid increase in the e-commerce industry in Malaysia has created the demand to emphasize on how to increase customer satisfaction while operating in the e-retailing environment. It is very important that customers are satisfied with the website, or else, they would not return. Therefore, a crucial fact to look into is that companies must ensure that their customers are satisfied with their purchases that are really essential from the ecommerce’s point of view. With is in mind, this study aimed at investigating customer satisfaction towards e-shopping in Malaysia. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed among students randomly selected from various public and private universities located within Klang valley area. Total 369 questionnaires were returned, out of which 341 questionnaires were found usable for further analysis. Finally, SEM was employed to test the hypotheses. This study found that customer satisfaction towards e-shopping in Malaysia is to a great extent influenced by ease of use, trust, design of the website, online security and e-service quality. Finally, recommendations and future study direction is provided. Keywords: E-shopping, Customer satisfaction, Trust, Online security, E-service quality, Malaysia