23,958 research outputs found
Smart Grid Technologies in Europe: An Overview
The old electricity network infrastructure has proven to be inadequate, with respect to modern challenges such as alternative energy sources, electricity demand and energy saving policies. Moreover, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) seem to have reached an adequate level of reliability and flexibility in order to support a new concept of electricity networkâthe smart grid. In this work, we will analyse the state-of-the-art of smart grids, in their technical, management, security, and optimization aspects. We will also provide a brief overview of the regulatory aspects involved in the development of a smart grid, mainly from the viewpoint of the European Unio
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Open-Source, Open-Architecture SoftwarePlatform for Plug-InElectric Vehicle SmartCharging in California
This interdisciplinary eXtensible Building Operating SystemâVehicles project focuses on controlling plug-in electric vehicle charging at residential and small commercial settings using a novel and flexible open-source, open-architecture charge communication and control platform. The platform provides smart charging functionalities and benefits to the utility, homes, and businesses.This project investigates four important areas of vehicle-grid integration research, integrating technical as well as social and behavioral dimensions: smart charging user needs assessment, advanced load control platform development and testing, smart charging impacts, benefits to the power grid, and smart charging ratepayer benefits
Current and forthcoming issues in the South African electricity sector
One of the contentious issues in electricity reform is whether there are significant gains from restructuring systems that are moderately well run. South Africa's electricity system is a case in point. The sector's state-owned utility, Eskom, has been generating some of the lowest-priced electricity in the world, has largely achieved revenue adequacy, and has financed the bulk of the government's ambitious electrification program. Moreover, the key technical performance indicators of Eskom's generation plants have reached world-class levels. Yet the sector is confronted today with serious challenges. South Africa's electricity system is currently facing a tight demand/supply balance, and the distribution segment of the industry is in serious financial trouble. This paper provides a careful diagnostic assessment of the industry and identifies a range of policy and restructuring options to improve its performance. It suggests removing distribution from municipal control and privatizing it, calls for vertical and horizontal unbundling, and argues that the cost-benefit analysis of different structural options should focus on investment incentives and not just current operating efficiency.Energy Production and Transportation,Electric Power,Environment and Energy Efficiency,Energy and Environment,Infrastructure Economics
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Photovoltaic and Behind-the-Meter Battery Storage: Advanced Smart Inverter Controls and Field Demonstration
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Generation Adequacy and Investment Incentives in Britain: from the Pool to NETA
Three years after the controversial change of the British market design from compulsory Pool with capacity payments to decentralised energy-only New Electricity Trading Arrangements (NETA) market framework, we compare the two designs in terms of investment incentives. We review the biases of the Pool capacity payments design, the drought of investment following the introduction of NETA, and the reaction of the market during the first âstress-testâ of NETA during the winter 2003. In an energy-only market such as NETA, it is essential that price signals are right and the system operator has a crucial role in contracting ahead for reserve. We recommend that NETA adopt a single marginal imbalance price as dual imbalance pricing distorts price signals in times of scarcity. The lack of long-term contracting that causes hedging and financing difficulties for power projects can becompensated by vertical and horizontal reintegration at a cost of increased market power
Optimal Demand Response Strategy in Electricity Markets through Bi-level Stochastic Short-Term Scheduling
Current technology in the smart monitoring including Internet of Things (IoT) enables the
electricity network at both transmission and distribution levels to apply demand response (DR)
programs in order to ensure the secure and economic operation of power systems.
Liberalization and restructuring in the power systems industry also empowers demand-side
management in an optimum way.
The impacts of DR scheduling on the electricity market can be revealed through the concept of
DR aggregators (DRAs), being the interface between supply side and demand side. Various
markets such as day-ahead and real-time markets are studied for supply-side management and
demand-side management from the Independent System Operator (ISO) viewpoint or
Distribution System Operator (DSO) viewpoint.
To achieve the research goals, single or bi-level optimization models can be developed.
The behavior of weather-dependent renewable energy sources, such as wind and photovoltaic
power generation as uncertainty sources, is modeled by the Monte-Carlo Simulation method to
cope with their negative impact on the scheduling process. Moreover, two-stage stochastic
programming is applied in order to minimize the operation cost.
The results of this study demonstrate the importance of considering all effective players in the
market, such as DRAs and customers, on the operation cost. Moreover, modeling the
uncertainty helps network operators to reduce the expenses, enabling a resilient and reliable
network.A tecnologia atual na monitorização inteligente, incluindo a Internet of Things (IoT), permite
que a rede elĂ©trica ao nĂvel da transporte e distribuição faça uso de programas de demand
response (DR) para garantir a operação segura e económica dos sistemas de energia.
A liberalização e a reestruturação da indĂșstria dos sistemas de energia elĂ©trica tambĂ©m
promovem a gestĂŁo do lado da procura de forma otimizada.
Os impactes da implementação de DR no mercado elétrico podem ser expressos pelo conceito
de agregadores de DR (DRAs), sendo a interface entre o lado da oferta e o lado da procura de
energia elétrica. Vårios mercados, como os mercados diårio e em tempo real, são estudados
visando a gestĂŁo otimizada do ponto de vista do Independent System Operator (ISO) ou do
Distribution System Operator (DSO).
Para atingir os objetivos propostos, modelos de otimização em um ou dois nĂveis podem ser
desenvolvidos. O comportamento das fontes de energia renovĂĄveis dependentes do clima, como
a produção de energia eólica e fotovoltaica que acarretam incerteza, é modelado pelo método
de simulação de Monte Carlo. Ainda, two-stage stochastic programming é aplicada para
minimizar o custo de operação.
Os resultados deste estudo demonstram a importĂąncia de considerar todos os participantes
efetivos no mercado, como DRAs e clientes finais, no custo de operação. Ainda, considerando
a incerteza no modelo beneficia os operadores da rede na redução de custos, capacitando a
resiliĂȘncia e fiabilidade da rede
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