35 research outputs found

    A literature review of Artificial Intelligence applications in railway systems

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    Nowadays it is widely accepted that Artificial Intelligence (AI) is significantly influencing a large number of domains, including railways. In this paper, we present a systematic literature review of the current state-of-the-art of AI in railway transport. In particular, we analysed and discussed papers from a holistic railway perspective, covering sub-domains such as maintenance and inspection, planning and management, safety and security, autonomous driving and control, revenue management, transport policy, and passenger mobility. This review makes an initial step towards shaping the role of AI in future railways and provides a summary of the current focuses of AI research connected to rail transport. We reviewed about 139 scientific papers covering the period from 2010 to December 2020. We found that the major research efforts have been put in AI for rail maintenance and inspection, while very limited or no research has been found on AI for rail transport policy and revenue management. The remaining sub-domains received mild to moderate attention. AI applications are promising and tend to act as a game-changer in tackling multiple railway challenges. However, at the moment, AI research in railways is still mostly at its early stages. Future research can be expected towards developing advanced combined AI applications (e.g. with optimization), using AI in decision making, dealing with uncertainty and tackling newly rising cybersecurity challenges

    A frequency domain wheelset-track dynamics study on short pitch corrugated concrete sleepered and noncorrugated steel sleepered railway tracks

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    Abstract: Rail corrugation is identified on the running surface around track curves of a twenty seven kilometer long railway line with the smallest and largest curve radii of 140m and 484m respectively. The railway line runs from Belfast to Steelpoort in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. Given that corrugation has not formed on rails for track curves with steel sleepers, the study contributes to the body of knowledge by investigating the difference in dynamic response of rail track with steel and concrete sleepers. This results in significant findings as to why the dynamic response of track with concrete sleepers could be associated with the formation of short pitch rail corrugation in the railway line. In the recent accepted literature researchers are starting to believe frictional self-excited vibration of the wheel-rail system to be an important culprit for short pitch rail corrugation formation. The dynamics of ballasted railway tracks is not studied sufficiently in the recent literature, particularly those installed with steel sleepers, which is key in developing means to prevent short pitch rail corrugation formation. A corrugation-borne vibration frequency is dependent on wavelengths and train velocities. In the current study these frequencies are matched with natural frequencies of a locomotive traction wheelset, to investigate whether wheels have a resonant influence on the short pitch rail corrugation formation. Experimental modal test is conducted to obtain natural frequencies of a traction wheelset that was used by a locomotive operating in the affected railway line. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used to validate dynamic mode shapes at important natural frequencies of the traction wheelset, obtained through experimental modal test. The natural frequencies of the wheelset are correlated with corrugation frequencies for each affected track curve selected for the purpose of the current study. Experimental modal tests are also conducted on tracks with steel and concrete sleepers to obtain natural frequencies of rail tracks with these two types of sleepers. The FEA complex eigenvalue method is used to validate dynamic mode shapes at important natural frequencies of rail tracks with the two types of sleepers. An important traction wheelset axial bending mode is excited at 108Hz when the traction wheelset is free of boundary conditions. This frequency was found to be the short pitch rail corrugation formation frequency for the affected railway line. This traction wheelset vibration mode was found to reasonably match with corrugation frequencies around each track curve. This axial bending mode of the traction wheelset becomes more damped and shifts to 120Hz when the traction wheelset is coupled to a traction motor and installed in a bogie. Another important resonance mode is also excited at 103Hz in...Ph.D

    Peridinamik Tabanlı Bulanık Mantık Algoritması Yardımıyla Ray Yüzeyindeki Kusurların Tam Spektrum Görüntü İşleme ile Tespiti

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    Bu çalışmada tam spektrum görüntü üzerinden ray kusurlarının belirlenmesine yönelik peridinamik tabanlı bulanık mantık algoritması geliştirilmiştir. Örnek uygulama için tam spektrum ray kusuru görüntüsünün, gri skala tanım kümesinde Gaussian maskelemesi gerçekleştirilmiş, görüntünün farklı boyut ve mertebelerden türev alma işlemleri peridinamik sayısal türev alma metodu kullanılarak elde edilmitşir. Alınan türevler bulanık mantık sisteminde değerlendiriltikten sonra görüntünün RGB ve HSV skalaları üzerinde üç temel dalga boyu dönüşümü yapılmıştır. Bulanık mantık çıktısı üzerine tatbik edilen en etkin üç dalga boyu ile ortak noktaların tespiti gerçekleştirilerek ray kusurlarının daha belirgin bir şekilde ortaya çıkması sağlanmıştır. Ayrıca üç farklı tam spektrum örnek ray kusur görüntüsü ile geliştirilen algoritma test edilip, literatürdeki mevcut kenar bulma algoritmalarına göre daha iyi sonuç verdiği tespit edilmiştir

    Railway Axle Condition Monitoring Technique Based on Wavelet Packet Transform Features and Support Vector Machines

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    Railway axles are critical to the safety of railway vehicles. However, railway axle maintenance is currently based on scheduled preventive maintenance using Nondestructive Testing. The use of condition monitoring techniques would provide information about the status of the axle between periodical inspections, and it would be very valuable in the prevention of catastrophic failures. Nevertheless, in the literature, there are not many studies focusing on this area and there is a lack of experimental data. In this work, a reliable real-time condition-monitoring technique for railway axles is proposed. The technique was validated using vibration measurements obtained at the axle boxes of a full bogie installed on a rig, where four different cracked railway axles were tested. The technique is based on vibration analysis by means of the Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) energy, combined with a Support Vector Machine (SVM) diagnosis model. In all cases, it was observed that the WPT energy of the vibration signals at the first natural frequency of the axle when the wheelset is first installed (the healthy condition) increases when a crack is artificially created. An SVM diagnosis model based on the WPT energy at this frequency demonstrates good reliability, with a false alarm rate of lower than 10% and defect detection for damage occurring in more than 6.5% of the section in more than 90% of the cases. The minimum number of wheelsets required to build a general model to avoid mounting effects, among others things, is also discussed.This research was funded by the Spanish Government through the project MAQSTATUS with grantnumber DPI2015-69325-C2-1-R

    Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Aesthetics, Possible Worlds of Contemporary Aesthetics Aesthetics Between History, Geography and Media

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    The Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade and the Society for Aesthetics of Architecture and Visual Arts of Serbia (DEAVUS) are proud to be able to organize the 21st ICA Congress on “Possible Worlds of Contemporary Aesthetics: Aesthetics Between History, Geography and Media”. We are proud to announce that we received over 500 submissions from 56 countries, which makes this Congress the greatest gathering of aestheticians in this region in the last 40 years. The ICA 2019 Belgrade aims to map out contemporary aesthetics practices in a vivid dialogue of aestheticians, philosophers, art theorists, architecture theorists, culture theorists, media theorists, artists, media entrepreneurs, architects, cultural activists and researchers in the fields of humanities and social sciences. More precisely, the goal is to map the possible worlds of contemporary aesthetics in Europe, Asia, North and South America, Africa and Australia. The idea is to show, interpret and map the unity and diverseness in aesthetic thought, expression, research, and philosophies on our shared planet. Our goal is to promote a dialogue concerning aesthetics in those parts of the world that have not been involved with the work of the International Association for Aesthetics to this day. Global dialogue, understanding and cooperation are what we aim to achieve. That said, the 21st ICA is the first Congress to highlight the aesthetic issues of marginalised regions that have not been fully involved in the work of the IAA. This will be accomplished, among others, via thematic round tables discussing contemporary aesthetics in East Africa and South America. Today, aesthetics is recognized as an important philosophical, theoretical and even scientific discipline that aims at interpreting the complexity of phenomena in our contemporary world. People rather talk about possible worlds or possible aesthetic regimes rather than a unique and consistent philosophical, scientific or theoretical discipline

    World Multidisciplinary Civil Engineering- Architecture- Urban Planning symposium

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    We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all 900+ submissions by 600+ participants of WMCAUS 2018 from 60+ different countries all over the world for their interests and contributions in WMCAUS 2018. We wish you enjoy the World Multidisciplinary Civil Engineering-Architecture-Urban Planning Symposium – WMCAUS 2018 and have a pleasant stay in the city of romance Prague. We hope to see you again during next event WMCAUS 2019 which will be held in Prague (Czech Republic) approximately in the similar period

    Effective Crack Detection in Railway Axles Using Vibration Signals and WPT Energy

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    Crack detection for railway axles is key to avoiding catastrophic accidents. Currently, non-destructive testing is used for that purpose. The present work applies vibration signal analysis to diagnose cracks in real railway axles installed on a real Y21 bogie working on a rig. Vibration signals were obtained from two wheelsets with cracks at the middle section of the axle with depths from 5.7 to 15 mm, at several conditions of load and speed. Vibration signals were processed by means of wavelet packet transform energy. Energies obtained were used to train an artificial neural network, with reliable diagnosis results. The success rate of 5.7 mm defects was 96.27%, and the reliability in detecting larger defects reached almost 100%, with a false alarm ratio lower than 5.5%.The research work described in this paper was supported by the Spanish Government through the MAQ-STATUS DPI2015-69325-C2-1-R project. Authors would also thank the support provided by the participating companies (Renfe, Alstom Spain, SKF Spain, and Danobat Railway Systems) in this project

    EMD-Based Methodology for the Identification of a High-Speed Train Running in a Gear Operating State

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    An efficient maintenance is a key consideration in systems of railway transport, especially in high-speed trains, in order to avoid accidents with catastrophic consequences. In this sense, having a method that allows for the early detection of defects in critical elements, such as the bogie mechanical components, is a crucial for increasing the availability of rolling stock and reducing maintenance costs. The main contribution of this work is the proposal of a methodology that, based on classical signal processing techniques, provides a set of parameters for the fast identification of the operating state of a critical mechanical system. With this methodology, the vibratory behaviour of a very complex mechanical system is characterised, through variable inputs, which will allow for the detection of possible changes in the mechanical elements. This methodology is applied to a real high-speed train in commercial service, with the aim of studying the vibratory behaviour of the train (specifically, the bogie) before and after a maintenance operation. The results obtained with this methodology demonstrated the usefulness of the new procedure and allowed for the disclosure of reductions between 15% and 45% in the spectral power of selected Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) after the maintenance operation.The research work described in this paper was supported by the Spanish Government through the MAQ-STATUS DPI2015-69325-C2-1-R project. Authors would also thank the support provided by the participating companies (Renfe, Alstom Spain, SKF Spain, and Dano-Rail-Danobatgroup Railway) in this project
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