The Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (DGO2022) Intelligent Technologies, Governments and Citizens June 15-17, 2022

The 23rd Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research theme is “Intelligent Technologies, Governments and Citizens”. Data and computational algorithms make systems smarter, but should result in smarter government and citizens. Intelligence and smartness affect all kinds of public values - such as fairness, inclusion, equity, transparency, privacy, security, trust, etc., and is not well-understood. These technologies provide immense opportunities and should be used in the light of public values. Society and technology co-evolve and we are looking for new ways to balance between them. Specifically, the conference aims to advance research and practice in this field. The keynotes, presentations, posters and workshops show that the conference theme is very well-chosen and more actual than ever. The challenges posed by new technology have underscored the need to grasp the potential. Digital government brings into focus the realization of public values to improve our society at all levels of government. The conference again shows the importance of the digital government society, which brings together scholars in this field. Dg.o 2022 is fully online and enables to connect to scholars and practitioners around the globe and facilitate global conversations and exchanges via the use of digital technologies. This conference is primarily a live conference for full engagement, keynotes, presentations of research papers, workshops, panels and posters and provides engaging exchange throughout the entire duration of the conference

Electronic Identity in Europe: Legal challenges and future perspectives (e-ID 2020)

This deliverable presents the work developed by the IPTS eID Team in 2012 on the large-encompassing topic of electronic identity. It is structured in four different parts: 1) eID: Relevance, Le-gal State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives; 2) Digital Natives and the Analysis of the Emerging Be-havioral Trends Regarding Privacy, Identity and Their Legal Implications; 3) The "prospective" use of social networking services for government eID in Europe; and 4) Facial Recognition, Privacy and Iden-tity in Online Social Networks.JRC.J.3-Information Societ

The Development of eServices in an Enlarged EU: eGovernment and eHealth in the Czech Republic

In 2005, IPTS launched a project which aimed to assess the developments in eGoverment, eHealth and eLearning in the 10 New Member States at national, and at cross-country level. At that time, the 10 New Member States were Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, and Slovakia. A report for each country was produced, describing its government and health systems and the role played by eGovernment and eHealth within these systems. Each report then analyzes, on the basis of desk research and expert interviews, the major achievements, shortcomings, drivers and barriers in the development of eGovernment and eHealth in one of the countries in question. This analysis provides the basis for the identification and discussion of national policy options to address the major challenges and to suggest R&D issues relevant to the needs of each country ¿ in this case, the Czech Republic. In addition to national monographs, the project has delivered a synthesis report, which offers an integrated view of the developments of each application domain in the New Member States. Furthermore, a prospective report looking across and beyond the development of the eGoverment, eHealth and eLearning areas has been developed to summarize policy challenges and options for the development of eServices and the Information Society towards the goals of Lisbon and i2010.JRC.J.4-Information Societ

The Development of eServices in an Enlarged EU: eGovernment and eHealth in Slovakia

In 2005, IPTS launched a project which aimed to assess the developments in eGoverment, eHealth and eLearning in the 10 New Member States at national, and at cross-country level. At that time, the 10 New Member States were Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia. A report for each country was produced, describing its government and health systems and the role played by eGovernment and eHealth within these systems. Each report then analyzes, on the basis of desk research and expert interviews, the major achievements, shortcomings, drivers and barriers in the development of eGovernment and eHealth in one of the countries in question. This analysis provides the basis for the identification and discussion of national policy options to address the major challenges and to suggest R&D issues relevant to the needs of each country ¿ in this case, Slovakia. In addition to national monographs, the project has delivered a synthesis report, which offers an integrated view of the developments of each application domain in the New Member States. Furthermore, a prospective report looking across and beyond the development of the eGoverment, eHealth and eLearning areas has been developed to summarize policy challenges and options for the development of eServices and the Information Society towards the goals of Lisbon and i2010.JRC.J.4-Information Societ

EU:s Gemensamma Digitala Ingång och dess genomförande i finsk elektronisk förvaltning: En fallstudie

Electronic government systems are evolving towards platform-like public service single point of contacts, where citizens and businesses can complete most public administration procedures fully online. However, this progress has been slow since digitalization of the public sector is not only a technical but also a legal, semantic and organizational challenge and it requires extensive reorganization of government. When creating a governmental system of systems across the public sector, technical, legal, semantic and organizational interoperability is needed. This thesis compares electronic government with digital platforms and investigates what resources in electronic government environments resemble digital platforms’ boundary resources. The aim is to identify what kinds of resources governmental platform owners should provide to public service providers for expediting the development, adoption, and growth of governmental platforms. A case study on EU’s Single Digital Gateway regulation was conducted. The objective of the regulation is to create an EU-wide public service portal that helps citizens and business use their right to free movement within the union. The Finnish public administration platform Suomi.fi and the labor market platform Työmarkkinatori will be connected to the portal and are examined as subunits in the case study. Data collection consisted of qualitative semi- or unstructured in-depth interviews with Finnish electronic government specialists involved in the case. The findings of the study indicate that electronic governments face a similar paradox of control as digital infrastructures and digital platforms. The main boundary resources that are paramount for an interoperable cross-border electronic government platform are high-level identification tools, secure data exchange tools, secure messaging tools, interoperability components and solutions, regulatory documents, transparency resources, and instructions and documentation. To accelerate electronic government development, the platform owners should enhance the communication with the third-party service providers, give sufficient flexibility to third parties in their development, set realistic schedules, concentrate on overcoming legal, organizational and semantic interoperability challenges, and try offer incentives for actors on the platform.Elektroniska förvaltningssystem utvecklas mot plattformliknande kontaktpunkter för offentliga tjänster, där medborgare och företag kan fullgöra de flesta offentliga förvaltningsförfarandena på nätet. Denna utveckling har dock varit långsamt, eftersom digitaliseringen av den offentliga sektorn inte bara är en teknisk utan också en juridisk, semantisk och organisatorisk utmaning och kräver en omfattande omorganisation av förvaltningen. När man skapar ett statligt system av system över hela offentliga sektorn behövs teknisk, juridisk, semantisk och organisatorisk interoperabilitet. Avhandlingen jämför elektronisk förvaltning med digitala plattformar och undersöker vilka resurser i elektronisk förvaltning liknar de digitala plattformarnas gränsresurser. Syftet är att identifiera vilka typer av resurser statliga plattformsägare bör tillhandahålla offentliga tjänsteleverantörer för att påskynda utveckling, adoption och tillväxt av statliga plattformar. En fallstudie genomfördes om EU:s förordning om inrättande av en gemensam digital ingång. Syftet med förordningen är att skapa en EU-omfattande portal för offentliga tjänster som hjälper medborgare och företag att använda sin rätt till fri rörlighet inom unionen. Den finska offentliga förvaltningsplattformen Suomi.fi och arbetsmarknadsplattformen Työmarkkinatori kommer att anslutas till portalen och granskas som enheter i fallstudien. Datainsamling bestod av kvalitativa halv- eller ostrukturerade djupintervjuer med finska elektronisk förvaltningsspecialister. Undersökningsresultaten visar att elektronisk förvaltning står inför en liknande paradox av kontroll som digitala infrastrukturer och digitala plattformar. De viktigaste gränsresurserna som är avgörande för en interoperabel gränsöverskridande elektronisk förvaltningsplattform är identifieringsverktyg på hög nivå, säkra verktyg för datautbyte, säkra kommunikationskanaler, komponenter och lösningar för interoperabilitet, förordningsdokument, transparensresurser samt instruktioner och dokumentation. För att påskynda den elektroniska förvaltningsutvecklingen borde plattformsägare förbättra kommunikationen med tredjepartsleverantörer, ge tillräcklig flexibilitet till tredje parter i deras utveckling, fastställa realistiska tidtabeller, koncentrera sig på att övervinna juridiska, organisatoriska och semantiska interoperabilitetsutmaningar och försöka erbjuda incitament för aktörer på plattformen

Annual report on research activities 2003-2004

https://commons.ln.edu.hk/research_annual_report/1002/thumbnail.jp

Becoming Artifacts: Medieval Seals, Passports and the Future of Digital Identity

What does a digital identity token have to do with medieval seals? Is the history of passports of any use for enabling the discovery of Internet users\u27 identity when crossing virtual domain boundaries during their digital browsing and transactions? The agility of the Internet architecture and its simplicity of use have been the engines of its growth and success with the users worldwide. As it turns out, there lies also its crux. In effect, Internet industry participants have argued that the critical problem business is faced with on the Internet is the absence of an identity layer from the core protocols of its logical infrastructure. As a result, the cyberspace parallels a global territory without any identification mechanism that is reliable, consistent and interoperable across domains. This dissertation is an investigation of the steps being taken by Internet stakeholders in order to resolve its identity problems, through the lenses of historical instances where similar challenges were tackled by social actors. Social science research addressing the Internet identity issues is barely nascent. Research on identification systems in general is either characterized by a paucity of historical perspective, or scantily references digital technology and online identification processes. This research is designed to bridge that gap. The general question at its core is: How do social actors, events or processes enable the historical emergence of authoritative identity credentials for the public at large? This work is guided by that line of inquiry through three broad historical case studies: first, the medieval experience with seals used as identity tokens in the signing of deeds that resulted in transfers of rights, particularly estate rights; second, comes the modern, national state with its claim to the right to know all individuals on its territory through credentials such as the passport or the national identity card; and finally, viewed from the United States, the case of ongoing efforts to build an online digital identity infrastructure. Following a process-tracing approach to historical case study, this inquiry presents enlightening connections between the three identity frameworks while further characterizing each. We understand how the medieval doctrines of the Trinity and the Eucharist developed by schoolmen within the Church accommodated seals as markers of identity, and we understand how the modern state seized on the term `nationality\u27 - which emerged as late as in the 19th century - to make it into a legal fiction that was critical for its identification project. Furthermore, this investigation brings analytical insights which enable us to locate the dynamics driving the emergence of those identity systems. An ordering of the contributing factors in sequential categories is proposed in a sociohistorical approach to explain the causal mechanisms at work across these large phenomena. Finally this research also proposes historically informed projections of scenarios as possible pathways to the realization of authoritative digital identity. But that is the beginning of yet another story of identity