Affirmative Action: One Size Does Not Fit All

This paper identifies a new reason for giving preferences to the disadvantaged using a model of contests. There are two forces at work: the effort effect working against giving preferences and the selection e¤ect working for them. When education is costly and easy to obtain (as in the U.S.), the selection effect dominates. When education is heavily subsidized and limited in supply (as in India), preferences are welfare reducing. The model also shows that unequal treatment of identical agents can be welfare improving, providing insights into when the counterintuitive policy of rationing educational access to some subgroups is welfare improving

One size does not fit all

Comparing the anatomies of more than 100 different species of ants reveals that worker ants have enlarged necks, not seen in queens, that allow them to lift and carry objects many times heavier than themselves

one size does not Fit All

The European population is ageing, challenging the financial and social sustainability of pension systems. By 2050, Portugal will face one of the most alarming scenarios, with an old-age dependency ratio - i.e. the number of individuals aged 65 or older as a share of active age population - above 65%, almost doubling the current 2016 figure. Using a rich micro-level database covering Portugal - the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) - we show that poor health and unemployment are, together with age and the length of the contributory career, key elements to understand early retirement, while late retirement is associated with higher income. These results highlight important individual heterogeneity on pension preferences and therefore may inform the current policy debate on retirement age in Portuga

Arbitration: One Size Does Not Fit All: Necessity of Developing Institutional Arbitration in Developing Countries

Litigation in developing countries has many defects which has prompted a need for the development of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. Arbitration, being one such substitutive mechanism as a type of private litigation is the most suitable for the same. This paper deals with the need to develop institutional arbitration to co-exist with ad hoc arbitration and scale it down to be available for dispute resolution in developing countries using an illustration of India. Certain recommendations to make institutional arbitration, which is considered to be appropriate for International commercial dispute resolution, suitable for domestic disputes in developing countries have been highlighted.Â

Rapamycin - "One size does not fit all"

Non peer reviewe

One Size Does Not Fit All: Stunting and Social Protection in Rural Tanzania?

Nutrition has featured prominently in Tanzania's quest for prosperity and development. Malnutrition was identified as one of the big three enemies of the people alongside poverty and ignorance in the 1967 Arusha Declaration which set out the vision and direction for Tanzania's development in the following two decades. The Iringa Nutrition Project initiated by Tanzania Food and Nutrition Council (TFNC) under WHO/UNICEF support between 1979 and 1992 not only reduced prevalence of underweight from 56% to 38% in five years (TFNC, 2004) but also facilitated the development of the UNICEF conceptual framework of malnutrition and greatly influenced the global thinking on how to improve nutritional wellbeing in developing countries

Leadership development: one size does not fit all

Within the domain of executive education, the concept of leadership development is an increasingly romanticised one. When we say ‘leadership development,’ more often than not, images of executive travel, luxury retreats, world class ‘experts’ delivering ‘high-end management interventions’ spring to mind, with management gurus flown across the globe to impart knowledge on organisational transformation. But the accepted approach taught in the majority of these standardised executive leadership development programmes across the globe fails to address one important issue: business and social culture around the world is diverse, and therefore a universal ‘one size fits all’ approach is flawed as it ignores two fundamental truths which empirical research brings to light