281,546 research outputs found
Competitive versions of vertex ranking and game acquisition, and a problem on proper colorings
In this thesis we study certain functions on graphs. Chapters 2 and 3 deal with variations on vertex ranking, a type of node-labeling scheme that models a parallel processing problem. A k-ranking of a graph G is a labeling of its vertices from {1,...,k} such that any nontrivial path whose endpoints have the same label contains a vertex with a larger label. In Chapter 2, we investigate the problem of list ranking, wherein every vertex of G is assigned a set of possible labels, and a ranking must be constructed by labeling each vertex from its list; the list ranking number of G is the minimum k such that if every vertex is assigned a set of k possible labels, then G is guaranteed to have a ranking from these lists. We compute the list ranking numbers of paths, cycles, and trees with many leaves. In Chapter 3, we investigate the problem of on-line ranking, which asks for an algorithm to rank the vertices of G as they are revealed one at a time in the subgraph of G induced by the vertices revealed so far. The on-line ranking number of G is the minimum over all such labeling algorithms of the largest label that the algorithm can be forced to use. We give algorithmic bounds on the on-line ranking number of trees in terms of maximum degree, diameter, and number of internal vertices.
Chapter 4 is concerned with the connectedness and Hamiltonicity of the graph G^j_k(H), whose vertices are the proper k-colorings of a given graph H, with edges joining colorings that differ only on a set of vertices contained within a connected subgraph of H on at most j vertices. We introduce and study the parameters g_k(H) and h_k(H), which denote the minimum j such that G^j_k(H) is connected or Hamiltonian, respectively. Finally, in Chapter 5 we compute the game acquisition number of complete bipartite graphs. An acquisition move in a weighted graph G consists a vertex v taking all the weight from a neighbor whose weight is at most the weight of v. In the acquisition game on G, each vertex initially has weight 1, and players Min and Max alternate acquisition moves until the set of vertices remaining with positive weight is an independent set. Min seeks to minimize the size of the final independent set, while Max seeks to maximize it; the game acquisition number is the size of the final set under optimal play
Beyond Geometry : Towards Fully Realistic Wireless Models
Signal-strength models of wireless communications capture the gradual fading
of signals and the additivity of interference. As such, they are closer to
reality than other models. However, nearly all theoretic work in the SINR model
depends on the assumption of smooth geometric decay, one that is true in free
space but is far off in actual environments. The challenge is to model
realistic environments, including walls, obstacles, reflections and anisotropic
antennas, without making the models algorithmically impractical or analytically
intractable.
We present a simple solution that allows the modeling of arbitrary static
situations by moving from geometry to arbitrary decay spaces. The complexity of
a setting is captured by a metricity parameter Z that indicates how far the
decay space is from satisfying the triangular inequality. All results that hold
in the SINR model in general metrics carry over to decay spaces, with the
resulting time complexity and approximation depending on Z in the same way that
the original results depends on the path loss term alpha. For distributed
algorithms, that to date have appeared to necessarily depend on the planarity,
we indicate how they can be adapted to arbitrary decay spaces.
Finally, we explore the dependence on Z in the approximability of core
problems. In particular, we observe that the capacity maximization problem has
exponential upper and lower bounds in terms of Z in general decay spaces. In
Euclidean metrics and related growth-bounded decay spaces, the performance
depends on the exact metricity definition, with a polynomial upper bound in
terms of Z, but an exponential lower bound in terms of a variant parameter phi.
On the plane, the upper bound result actually yields the first approximation of
a capacity-type SINR problem that is subexponential in alpha
Online Independent Set Beyond the Worst-Case: Secretaries, Prophets, and Periods
We investigate online algorithms for maximum (weight) independent set on
graph classes with bounded inductive independence number like, e.g., interval
and disk graphs with applications to, e.g., task scheduling and spectrum
allocation. In the online setting, it is assumed that nodes of an unknown graph
arrive one by one over time. An online algorithm has to decide whether an
arriving node should be included into the independent set. Unfortunately, this
natural and practically relevant online problem cannot be studied in a
meaningful way within a classical competitive analysis as the competitive ratio
on worst-case input sequences is lower bounded by .
As a worst-case analysis is pointless, we study online independent set in a
stochastic analysis. Instead of focussing on a particular stochastic input
model, we present a generic sampling approach that enables us to devise online
algorithms achieving performance guarantees for a variety of input models. In
particular, our analysis covers stochastic input models like the secretary
model, in which an adversarial graph is presented in random order, and the
prophet-inequality model, in which a randomly generated graph is presented in
adversarial order. Our sampling approach bridges thus between stochastic input
models of quite different nature. In addition, we show that our approach can be
applied to a practically motivated admission control setting.
Our sampling approach yields an online algorithm for maximum independent set
with competitive ratio with respect to all of the mentioned
stochastic input models. for graph classes with inductive independence number
. The approach can be extended towards maximum-weight independent set by
losing only a factor of in the competitive ratio with denoting
the (expected) number of nodes
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