Pseudolite Architecture and Performance Analysis for the FAA\u27s NextGen Airspace

By 2025 the FAA plans to have fully implemented its NextGen Airspace design. NextGen takes advantage of modern positioning technologies as well as automation, data sharing, and display technologies that will allow more efficient use of our ever busier National Airspace (NAS). A key element of NextGen is the transition from surveillance RADAR providing aircraft separation and navigation to the use of the GPS and Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B). ADS-B couples the precision of the GPS with networked ground and airborne receivers to provide precise situational awareness to pilots and controllers. The result is increased safety, capacity, and access with reduced reliance on an outdated and costly existing infrastructure. Reliance on the vulnerable GPS requires a backup system with higher positioning accuracy than those that are in place today. The USAF 746th Test Squadron at Holloman AFB, in partnership with Locata Corp., has demonstrated an Ultra High Accuracy Reference System (UHARS) over the Holloman Range composed of pseudolites (ground based satellites) transmitting GPS like signals. This study evaluates the suitability of the UHARS when applied on a national scale to meet Alternate Precision Navigation and Timing (APNT) requirements. From a systems architecture perspective UHARS is evaluated against APNT CONOPs stated Operational Improvements and Scenarios. From a signal architecture perspective the UHARS is evaluated against frequency and bandwidth constraints, service volume requirements and positioning accuracy determined by NextGen Airspace aircraft separation criteria

Méthodologie pour l'évaluation des signaux émis par les technologies émergentes. : Applications à la compatibilité électromagnétique des systèmes et à l'exposition des personnes.

The knowledge of human exposure, either general public or occupational, to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, is still incomplete. Two issues are yet to be addressed:•Knowledge of the uses of communicating objects that are ever changing,•The evaluation of the potential impact that these new technologies could have on the environment.This document provides a synthesis of studies conducted to address the issues of electromagnetic compatibility and human exposure. In this context, it was necessary to evaluate, to characterize and to define the most relevant parameters of the radiated signals or the levels of electromagnetic fields emitted by devices that implement these emerging technologies. We additionally examined related issues such as exposure to electromagnetic fields at very low frequencies induced by high-voltage lines or emissions from domestic equipment integrating potentially radiating electronic devices. It also includes a summary of all results obtained from actual case studies, in terms of the knowledge of both the detailed electromagnetic compatibility of new or emerging systems and human exposure. Finally, solutions have been proposed that can help to improve the knowledge of signals and potential impacts, through updates of either current standards by taking into account more relevant new parameters or modification of calibration procedures of the instrumentation employed to characterize the exposure.La connaissance de l’exposition des personnes aux champs électromagnétiques radiofréquences, pour le public ou pour les professionnels, est encore aujourd’hui très parcellaire. Deux problématiques sont encore mal connues:•La connaissance des usages des objets communicants, en évolution constante et rapide,•L'estimation de l'impact potentiel que pourraient avoir ces nouvelles technologies sur l'environnement.Ce document est une synthèse des travaux de recherche conduits pour affiner les questions de compatibilité électromagnétique et d’exposition des personnes. Dans ce contexte, il a fallu évaluer, caractériser et définir les paramètres les plus importants des signaux rayonnés ou des niveaux des champs électromagnétiques émis par les dispositifs mettant en œuvre les technologies émergentes. Dans cette étude, on s’est également intéressé à des problématiques connexes comme l’exposition des personnes aux champs électromagnétiques de très basses fréquences induits par des lignes à très haute tension ou aux émissions rayonnées par des équipements domestiques intégrant des dispositifs électroniques potentiellement rayonnants. Il comprend également, une synthèse de tous les résultats obtenus à partir d'études de cas concrets, tant sur le plan des connaissances détaillées de la compatibilité électromagnétique des systèmes nouveaux ou émergents que sur la problématique de l’exposition des personnes. Enfin, des solutions ont été proposées, pouvant permettre d’améliorer les connaissances des signaux et des impacts potentiels par des modifications de normes, par la prise en compte de nouveaux paramètres plus pertinents, ou par la modification de procédures d’étalonnage de systèmes utilisés pour caractériser l’exposition

Spectrum avaílability assessment tool for TV white space

The growth of wireless communication relies on the availability of radio frequency for new services. More efficient spectrum allocations are required to serve the increasing data per user. The major regulatory bodies are formulating new spectrum management techniques to forge the growing spectrum scarcity. Exclusive use of spectrum is proved to be inefficient in many spectrum occupancy measurement campaigns. As a result, spectrum sharing methods are being considered. TV broadcasting is not using the allocated frequency in some geographic areas, creating coverage holes known as TV white spaces. Both the industry and the regulators are investigating the capability of TVWS, as a potential source of spectrum for emerging wireless services. The FCC, in the US, has already released the requirements for opportunistic access to the TV whites paces. In a similar fashion, ECC, the pan-European regulator is finalizing the work on the technical and operational requirements for the possible use of cognitive radio in this spectrum. In this thesis work, an integrated web-based spectrum availability assessment tool is developed for Finland. The tool is a front-end visualization of a time intensive computational process to answer key technical questions related to TVWS - what secondary data rate can be supported in the available white space spectrum? The assessment involves estimation of the available TVWS and its capacity for cellular-type secondary systems. The relative effects of the secondary system parameters on the TV system are compared using appropriate signal to noise and interference ratio plots. The tool uses dynamic web technologies for a seamless and user-friendly visualization of the assessment

Proceedings of the Fifth International Mobile Satellite Conference 1997

Satellite-based mobile communications systems provide voice and data communications to users over a vast geographic area. The users may communicate via mobile or hand-held terminals, which may also provide access to terrestrial communications services. While previous International Mobile Satellite Conferences have concentrated on technical advances and the increasing worldwide commercial activities, this conference focuses on the next generation of mobile satellite services. The approximately 80 papers included here cover sessions in the following areas: networking and protocols; code division multiple access technologies; demand, economics and technology issues; current and planned systems; propagation; terminal technology; modulation and coding advances; spacecraft technology; advanced systems; and applications and experiments

Robust game-theoretic algorithms for distributed resource allocation in wireless communications

The predominant game-theoretic solutions for distributed rate-maximization algorithms in Gaussian interference channels through optimal power control require perfect channel knowledge, which is not possible in practice due to various reasons, such as estimation errors, feedback quantization and latency between channel estimation and signal transmission. This thesis therefore aims at addressing this issue through the design and analysis of robust gametheoretic algorithms for rate-maximization in Gaussian interference channels in the presence of bounded channel uncertainty. A robust rate-maximization game is formulated for the single-antenna frequency-selective Gaussian interference channel under bounded channel uncertainty. The robust-optimization equilibrium solution for this game is independent of the probability distribution of the channel uncertainty. The existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium are studied and sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of the equilibrium are provided. Distributed algorithms to compute the equilibrium solution are presented and shown to have guaranteed asymptotic convergence when the game has a unique equilibrium. The sum-rate and the price of anarchy at the equilibrium of this game are analyzed for the two-user scenario and shown to improve with increase in channel uncertainty under certain conditions. These results indicate that the robust solution moves closer to a frequency division multiple access (FDMA) solution when uncertainty increases. This leads to a higher sum-rate and a lower price of anarchy for systems where FDMA is globally optimal. A robust rate-maximization game for multi-antenna Gaussian interference channels in the presence of channel uncertainty is also developed along similar principles. It is shown that this robust game is equivalent to the nominal game with modified channel matrices. The robust-optimization equilibrium for this game and a distributed algorithm for its computation are presented and characterized. Sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of the equilibrium and asymptotic convergence of the algorithm are presented. Numerical simulations are used to confirm the behaviour of these algorithms. The analytical and numerical results of this thesis indicate that channel uncertainty is not necessarily detrimental, but can indeed result in improvement of performance of networks in particular situations, where the Nash equilibrium solution is quite inefficient and channel uncertainty leads to reduced greediness of users.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Provision of broadband Internet in Oman by joining LTE-A with TV white space (TVWS)

In the last 45 years, the Sultanate of Oman has developed overdramatically and steadily in all aspects of life. This progress has included health, education and transportation sectors along with social and economic areas. The progress has also counted in the telecommunication services with many new land and wireless networks such as fibre optic networks, 3G, 4G/LTE and WiMAX. These telecommunication services have covered major cities and towns in the country, but due to the vast and inhospitable terrains of Oman with its geographical, demographical and social factors, it has been very problematic to cover major rural and urban areas of the country with satisfactory fibre and mobile services for home and mobile users by using one of the current traditional fixed and mobile technologies. Therefore, in this research, we have investigated the feasibility of using Television White Space (TVWS) technology in providing the required internet service by combining it with the ever-evolving Long Term Evolution- Advanced (LTE-A) technology as a solution to the problem mentioned above. For this purpose, and to specify the occupancy of the TVWS spectrum so to suggest a solution based on the LTE-A operating on the TVWS, we have conducted a radio spectrum occupancy measurement survey campaign for 40 MHz to 2800 MHz range. The survey was conducted in five major areas of the country. The campaign has identified that the TV spectrum (470 MHz to 890 MHZ) is idle most of the time. Further, we have implemented our proposed solution through the simulation of the Long-Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) Ver. 12 technology operating in the TV spectrum (470-710 MHz). This type of solution is the first to use Ver. 12 on TVWS even on a simulation level. The simulation approach has been chosen over a real implementation because the technology is still in its early development stage, therefore, the hardware required for the implementation is still out of reach. Our simulation involved planning and implementation of two networks with eight scenarios. One network is our proposed network and the other is the classical LTE network operating on the 1800 MHz spectrum. The simulation results and analysis have demonstrated that our solution could provide reliable mobile and fixed service to a large number of users in a very large area with high data throughput and good Quality of Service (QoS) by using very little resources such as sites, Base Stations (BSs) and other resources. The simulation has demonstrated that one TVWS Base Station (TVWSBS) could cover up to 110 Km radius area and provide up to 4 Gigabits Per Second (4Gbps) DownLink (DL) and up to 2 Gbps UpLink (UL) data throughput. Therefore, our solution overweighs the traditional LTE/4G network in all aspects. This type of technology could meet the needs of broadband internet service for rural and congested areas of Oman using most of the existing old TV towers infrastructure and with minimum investment. Therefore, in our research, we are proposing an alternative method of providing broadband internet service that differs from the available traditional methods found in the literature considering the unique particularities of the demographic, geographic, social and environmental factors of Oman.Additionally, we have outlined TVWS regulations that could be utilised by concerned spectrum authorities in Oman and similar countries. Finally, we have developed an algorithm that could manage TVWS Database (TVWSDB) and could be incorporated in the Service Providers’ (SP) network management systems

Wireless Channel Characterization in the 5 GHz Microwave Landing System Extension Band for Airport Surface Areas

In this project final report, entitled "Wireless Channel Characterization in the 5 GHz Microwave Landing System Extension Band for Airport Surface Areas," we provide a detailed description and model representation for the wireless channel in the airport surface environment in this band. In this executive summary, we review report contents, describe the achieved objectives and major findings, and highlight significant conclusions and recommendations