On the development of a MODEM for data transmission and control of electrical household appliances using the low-voltage power-line

This paper presents a CMOS 0,6μm mixed-signal MODEM ASIC for data transmission on the low-voltage power line. The circuit includes all the analog circuitry needed for input interfacing and modulation/demodulation (PLL-based frequency synthesis, slave filter banks with PLL master VCO for tuning, decision circuitry, etc.) plus the logic circuitry needed for control purposes. The circuit operates correctly in the whole industrial temperature range, from -45 to 80°C, under 5% variations of the 3.3V supply voltage.Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología FD97-1611(TIC)Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología TIC200 1-092

Enabling Micro-level Demand-Side Grid Flexiblity in Resource Constrained Environments

The increased penetration of uncertain and variable renewable energy presents various resource and operational electric grid challenges. Micro-level (household and small commercial) demand-side grid flexibility could be a cost-effective strategy to integrate high penetrations of wind and solar energy, but literature and field deployments exploring the necessary information and communication technologies (ICTs) are scant. This paper presents an exploratory framework for enabling information driven grid flexibility through the Internet of Things (IoT), and a proof-of-concept wireless sensor gateway (FlexBox) to collect the necessary parameters for adequately monitoring and actuating the micro-level demand-side. In the summer of 2015, thirty sensor gateways were deployed in the city of Managua (Nicaragua) to develop a baseline for a near future small-scale demand response pilot implementation. FlexBox field data has begun shedding light on relationships between ambient temperature and load energy consumption, load and building envelope energy efficiency challenges, latency communication network challenges, and opportunities to engage existing demand-side user behavioral patterns. Information driven grid flexibility strategies present great opportunity to develop new technologies, system architectures, and implementation approaches that can easily scale across regions, incomes, and levels of development

Širokopojasni prijenos podataka elektroenergetskom mrežom

The paper presents an overview to broadband over powe lines. Over the past few years advances in signal processing technology have enabled the advent of modem chips that are able to overcome the transmission difficulties associated with sending communications signals over electrical power lines. There are two predominant types of BPL communications configurations: Access BPL and In-Home BPL. One of the largest commercial markets for BPL is the ability to provide Internet Services by means of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocols. Another significant benefit of BPL is the ability to employ “intelligent” power line networks that make use of SCADA devices.U radu je opisan pregled širokopojasnog prijenosa podataka elektroenergetskom mrežom. Razvoj tehnologije prijenosa signala omogućio je prevladavanje problema prijenosa komunikacijskih signala putem elektroenergetske mreže. Time je omogućen širokopojasni prijenos podataka kojim se osigurava pristup Internetu koristeći postojeću infrastrukturu. Ovakva komunikacija dijeli se na: pristupnu i kućnu. Najveći ekonomski značaj ove tehnologije je mogućnost pružanja pristupa Internetu TCP/IP protokolom. Osim pristupa Internetu omogućava i implementaciju pametne elektroenergetske mreže (SCADA)

Adaptive impedance matching circuit for narrowband power line communication

The noise level and impedance mismatch are still the main concerns in the narrowband power line communication (NB-PLC) technology. The low voltage power line network has impedances that are time and location variant. So it is difficult to achieve maximum power transfer all the time. Thus two new adaptive impedance matching circuits are proposed for NB-PLC. These methodologies are derived from the RLC and LCRC circuit model to achieve simpler configuration and higher matching resolution

Design and Implementation of a Computer-Based Power Management System

Power supply is of great importance and interrupting its supply may impact negatively on our daily activities. With the application of power management systems, the vulnerability of energy is effectively managed, thereby ensuring a smooth flow of energy requirements for domestic and industrial operations. This also reconciles efficiency, safety, economic, health and environmental conditions. Therefore, this paper presents the design, construction and implementation of a computer-based power management system for household applications. It enables the user to transfer management of supply to appliances in the house to a real time monitoring, switching and control system. This is achieved by programming an Atmega 328 microcontroller, which coordinates the overall activities of the system from a central control unit through an ESP8266 module. This wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) module is where internally processed result is being sent to the central control unit. System design shows that the interoperability of the power management system is hinged upon a Wi-Fi as the signals are sent as packets in ASCII format from the point harnessed by the GUI software. The design was tested for performance and results show that when the power up icon is clicked on the personal computer, the bulb glows and when the power down button is clicked, the bulb goes off. Also, the measured and actual current of the transformer used in the design, justifies the efficiency of the power management system. The system design was seen to be more scalable and flexible when compared with existing home automation systems, and the hardware interface module can be handled by one server when there is Wi-Fi coverage. In conclusion, it is seen that power can be effectively managed from the personal computer, thereby reducing the overall power consumption in the facility

ANDROID BASED HOME AUTOMATION AND ENERGY CONSERVATION

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of three main components: nodes, gateways, and software. The spatially distributed measurement nodes interface with sensors to monitor assets or their environment. In a WSN network the devices are connected to WSN nodes wherein the entire nodes uses Zigbee network to transfer the status of connected applications to a controller which controls the whole applications but the main drawback of Wireless sensor networks is its high interference, low coverage area and ability to control only low power devices. In order to overcome these drawbacks Android equipped devices are used to control the applications over GPRS network. Android equipped devices allow the user to control various applications over wireless networks. Being an open sourced platform it allows the user to design a custom module which controls the home applications by connecting the android equipped device and its corresponding home applications to an MCU wherein it uses relay circuits to connect the entire applications using GPRS network to connect the application controller and the android device. These devices can be used to control industrial applications, home applications like light, fan etc., and thereby conserving electricity

Non intrusive load monitoring & identification for energy management system using computational intelligence approach

Includes bibliography.Electrical energy is the life line to every nation’s or continent development and economic progress. Referable to the recent growth in the demand for electricity and shortage in production, it is indispensable to develop strategies for effective energy management and system delivery. Load monitoring such as intrusive load monitoring, non-intrusive load monitoring, and identification of domestic electrical appliances is proposed especially at the residential level since it is the major energy consumer. The intrusive load monitoring provides accurate results and would allow each individual appliance's energy consumption to be transmitted to a central hub. Nevertheless, there are many practical disadvantages to this method that have motivated the introduction of non-intrusive load monitoring system. The fiscal cost of manufacturing and installing enough monitoring devices to match the number of domestic appliances is considered to be a disadvantage. In addition, the installation of one meter per household appliances would lead to congestion in the house and thus cause inconvenience to the occupants of the house, therefore, non-intrusive load monitoring technique was developed to alleviate the aforementioned challenges of intrusive load monitoring. Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is the process of disaggregating a household’s total energy consumption into its contributing appliances. The total household load is monitored via a single monitoring device such as smart meter (SM). NILM provides cost effective and convenient means of load monitoring and identification. Several nonintrusive load monitoring and identification techniques are reviewed. However, the literature lacks a comprehensive system that can identify appliances with small energy consumption, appliances with overlapping energy consumption and a group of appliance ranges at once. This has been the major setback to most of the adopted techniques. In this dissertation, we propose techniques that overcome these setbacks by combining artificial neural networks (ANN) with a developed algorithm to identify appliances ranges that contribute to the energy consumption within a given period of time usually an hour interval

Design And Implementation Of Electrical Transmission Line Monitoring And Controlling System

As the electric transmission line is spread widely at long distance location is become difficult to monitor, control the power supply in the transmission line. Physical inspection at every location and troubleshooting is not feasible. Same problem is still facing at traffic monitor and control units as every square which are currently controlled manually by operator. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) provides access over remote location with centralized monitoring and controlling on different channels so it can be utilized for electric transmission line monitoring. While the WSNs are capable of cost efficient monitoring over vast geo-locations, several technical challenges exist. To overcome these problems in regional areas proposed system is designed to monitor and control the electric transmission line using WSN. Here we are building a wireless node which can centrally monitor and controlled through base station or the wireless cluster head. A centralized server will be responsible to see the electric poll status and control the poll activities to enable or disable power in particular area. As it is not feasible to monitor the central server full time, So the proposed system is designed to have emergency alert system for remote user with the help of a GSM modem will be connected to the central server which will send the emergency alert SMS to administrator and user. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150712