Nanosatelliide kasutamine demonstratsioon- ja teadusmissioonidel

Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsiooneKosmost on vaadeldud ja uuritud aastatuhandeid, kuid kosmosemissioonid lubasid seda esimest korda kohapeale uurima minna alles 64 aastat tagasi. Satelliidid võimaldavad teha toiminguid, mis maapealsete uuringutega on võimatud, näiteks maanduda teistele taevakehadele, tuua Maale neilt võetud proove vaadelda lähedalt komeete, ja asteroide ning saada paremaid vaatlusandmeid galaktikate, päikesesüsteemide, eksoplaneetide ja muude objektide kohta.. Ajalooliselt korraldasid kosmosemissioone suured riiklikud kosmoseagentuurid, kuid viimase 20 aasta jooksul on valdkond avanenud ka väikeettevõtetele, ülikoolidele ja pea kõigile teistele, kes on satelliidi kosmosesse saatmisest huvitatud. See on saanud võimalikuks tänu kuupsatelliitide standardiseerimisele. Tavaliselt peame kuupsatelliitide all silmas 1–10 kg nanosatelliite. Selle väitekirja autor on aidanud kaasa planeedimissioonide ja -instrumentide miniaturiseerimisele, töötades välja missioone ja missioonikontseptsioone ning arendades selliseid koormused ja simulatsioonivahendeid, mis aitaksid kaasa pikaajalisele eesmärgile uurida kosmost nanosatelliitidega. Lõputöö esimene osa keskendub uuenduslikule kosmosereiside tehnoloogiale: Coulomb Drag Propulsionile. Seda saab kasutada, et madalalt Maa orbiidilt kosmoseprügi eemaldada (plasmapidur) või kosmoses liikuda, kandmata Maalt kaasa võetud raketikütust (elektriline päiksepuri). Kõnealune tõukejõutehnoloogia on paigaldatud satelliitidele ESTCube-2 ja FORESAIL-1, mis peagi kosmosesse lennutatakse. Samuti analüüsib doktoritöö ideed külastada elektrilise päiksepurje juhitava kuupsatelliidilaevastikuga sadu asteroide. Lõputöö teises osas antakse ülevaade jätkuvast protsessist eesmärgiga arendada kaamera Euroopa Kosmoseagentuuri (ESA) ja Jaapani Kosmoseuuringute Agentuuri (JAXA) ellu viidavale Komeedipüüduri (Comet Interceptor) missioonile. Missiooni sondid viib 2029. aastal kosmosesse rakett Ariane 6. Kaamera on varustatud periskoobiga, et kaitsta seda ohtliku keskkonna eest, mistõttu kannab see nime Optical Periscopic Imager for Comets või OPIC. Nimi viitab ühtlasi Eesti astronoomile Ernst Öpikule, kes pakkus esimesena välja, et Päikesesüsteemi ümber asub kauge komeedipilv, mida tänapäeval tuntakse Öpiku–Oorti pilvena. OPIC-u väljatöötamist toetab spetsiaalselt selleks arendatud simulatsioonitööriist SISPO, mida kirjeldatakse doktoritöö viimases osas.Humans have been observing and exploring the cosmos for millennia, yet space missions enabled in-situ examination only during the last 64 years. Artificial satellites enable opportunities unfeasible for ground-based studies, such as landing on other planetary bodies, sample return, close observations of comets and asteroids, and improved observations of galaxies, solar systems, exoplanets, etc. Historically, space missions were operated by large space agencies, but in the last twenty years, the field expanded to small enterprises, universities and practically anyone interested in launching a satellite. This was partially enabled by the standardisation of cubesats, typically 1–10 kg nanosatellites. The author of this dissertation has contributed to the miniaturisation of planetary missions and instruments by developing missions, mission concepts, payloads and simulation tools that commit to the long-term aims of cosmic exploration with nanospacecraft. The first part of the thesis focuses on innovative technology for space travel – Coulomb Drag Propulsion. It can be utilised to remove space debris from Low Earth Orbit (named plasma brake) or travel in space without carrying the propellant from the Earth (named E-sail). This propulsion is accommodated on the ESTCube-2 and FORESAIL-1 satellites, to be launched soon. The dissertation also analyses the concept of visiting hundreds of asteroids with a fleet of cubesats driven by E-sail. The second part of the thesis presents an ongoing camera development for the ESA-JAXA Comet Interceptor mission to be launched in 2029 by the Ariane 6 rocket. The camera is equipped with a periscope to protect it from a hazardous environment. It is therefore named Optical Periscopic Imager for Comets or OPIC shortly, also referring to the Estonian astronomer Ernst Öpik, who was the first to propose the existence of a distant comet cloud around the Solar System, known today as the Öpik–Oort cloud. The development of the OPIC instrument is supported by a custom-made open-source simulation tool called SISPO, described in the last part.  https://www.ester.ee/record=b547253

ALSS scientific mission support study : interim report

This document contains a summary of findings to date on the work being performed by Bendix, its subcontractors, and consultants in the definition and description of scientific experiments and experiment operations to be performed from a manned lunar roving vehicle.NASA contract number NASW-1064This work has been performed by a team composed of personnel from Bendix Systems Division, United Electrodynamics and United Geophysical, Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute, Bendix Research Laboratories Division, Space/Defense Corporation, Michigan State University, Wayne State University, and The University of Michigan.Introduction -- Lunar geological exploration objectives and measurements -- Instrumentation selection criteria -- Continual surface measurement instrumentation -- Surface geophysical measurement instruments -- Subsurface geophysical measurements -- Core drill -- Bioengineering aspects-astronaut limitations study -- Scientific instrumentation system design -- Operations analysis -- MOLAB measurements survey and instrument summary -- Assumed characteristics of lunar topographical and geological features -- Chemical and physical properties of possible lunar material

NASA Thesaurus. Volume 1: Hierarchical listing

There are 16,713 postable terms and 3,716 nonpostable terms approved for use in the NASA scientific and technical information system in the Hierarchical Listing of the NASA Thesaurus. The generic structure is presented for many terms. The broader term and narrower term relationships are shown in an indented fashion that illustrates the generic structure better than the more widely used BT and NT listings. Related terms are generously applied, thus enhancing the usefulness of the Hierarchical Listing. Greater access to the Hierarchical Listing may be achieved with the collateral use of Volume 2 - Access Vocabulary

NASA thesaurus. Volume 1: Hierarchical Listing

There are over 17,000 postable terms and nearly 4,000 nonpostable terms approved for use in the NASA scientific and technical information system in the Hierarchical Listing of the NASA Thesaurus. The generic structure is presented for many terms. The broader term and narrower term relationships are shown in an indented fashion that illustrates the generic structure better than the more widely used BT and NT listings. Related terms are generously applied, thus enhancing the usefulness of the Hierarchical Listing. Greater access to the Hierarchical Listing may be achieved with the collateral use of Volume 2 - Access Vocabulary and Volume 3 - Definitions

Science Mission Directorate TechPort Records for 2019 STI-DAA Release

The role of the Science Mission Directorate (SMD) is to enable NASA to achieve its science goals in the context of the Nation's science agenda. SMD's strategic decisions regarding future missions and scientific pursuits are guided by Agency goals, input from the science community including the recommendations set forth in the National Research Council (NRC) decadal surveys and a commitment to preserve a balanced program across the major science disciplines. Toward this end, each of the four SMD science divisions -- Heliophysics, Earth Science, Planetary Science, and Astrophysics -- develops fundamental science questions upon which to base future research and mission programs

NASA Thesaurus. Volume 2: Access vocabulary

The NASA Thesaurus -- Volume 2, Access Vocabulary -- contains an alphabetical listing of all Thesaurus terms (postable and nonpostable) and permutations of all multiword and pseudo-multiword terms. Also included are Other Words (non-Thesaurus terms) consisting of abbreviations, chemical symbols, etc. The permutations and Other Words provide 'access' to the appropriate postable entries in the Thesaurus

NASA Thesaurus. Volume 1: Alphabetical listing

The NASA Thesaurus -- Volume 1, Alphabetical Listing -- contains all subject terms (postable and nonpostable) approved for use in the NASA scientific and technical information system. Included are the subject terms of the Preliminary Edition of the NASA Thesaurus (NASA SP-7030, December 1967); of the NASA Thesaurus Alphabetical Update (NASA SP-7040, September 1971); and terms approved, added or changed through May 31, 1975. Thesaurus structuring, including scope notes, a generic structure with broader-term/narrower-term (BT-NT) relationships displayed in embedded hierarchies, and other cross references, is provided for each term, as appropriate

NASA thesaurus. Volume 2: Access vocabulary

The access vocabulary, which is essentially a permuted index, provides access to any word or number in authorized postable and nonpostable terms. Additional entries include postable and nonpostable terms, other word entries and pseudo-multiword terms that are permutations of words that contain words within words. The access vocabulary contains almost 42,000 entries that give increased access to the hierarchies in Volume 1 - Hierarchical Listing