8,220 research outputs found
Meso-scale FDM material layout design strategies under manufacturability constraints and fracture conditions
In the manufacturability-driven design (MDD) perspective, manufacturability of the product or system is the most important of the design requirements. In addition to being able to ensure that complex designs (e.g., topology optimization) are manufacturable with a given process or process family, MDD also helps mechanical designers to take advantage of unique process-material effects generated during manufacturing. One of the most recognizable examples of this comes from the scanning-type family of additive manufacturing (AM) processes; the most notable and familiar member of this family is the fused deposition modeling (FDM) or fused filament fabrication (FFF) process. This process works by selectively depositing uniform, approximately isotropic beads or elements of molten thermoplastic material (typically structural engineering plastics) in a series of pre-specified traces to build each layer of the part. There are many interesting 2-D and 3-D mechanical design problems that can be explored by designing the layout of these elements. The resulting structured, hierarchical material (which is both manufacturable and customized layer-by-layer within the limits of the process and material) can be defined as a manufacturing process-driven structured material (MPDSM). This dissertation explores several practical methods for designing these element layouts for 2-D and 3-D meso-scale mechanical problems, focusing ultimately on design-for-fracture. Three different fracture conditions are explored: (1) cases where a crack must be prevented or stopped, (2) cases where the crack must be encouraged or accelerated, and (3) cases where cracks must grow in a simple pre-determined pattern. Several new design tools, including a mapping method for the FDM manufacturability constraints, three major literature reviews, the collection, organization, and analysis of several large (qualitative and quantitative) multi-scale datasets on the fracture behavior of FDM-processed materials, some new experimental equipment, and the refinement of a fast and simple g-code generator based on commercially-available software, were developed and refined to support the design of MPDSMs under fracture conditions. The refined design method and rules were experimentally validated using a series of case studies (involving both design and physical testing of the designs) at the end of the dissertation. Finally, a simple design guide for practicing engineers who are not experts in advanced solid mechanics nor process-tailored materials was developed from the results of this project.U of I OnlyAuthor's request
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Ensuring Access to Safe and Nutritious Food for All Through the Transformation of Food Systems
Technical Dimensions of Programming Systems
Programming requires much more than just writing code in a programming language. It is usually done in the context of a stateful environment, by interacting with a system through a graphical user interface. Yet, this wide space of possibilities lacks a common structure for navigation. Work on programming systems fails to form a coherent body of research, making it hard to improve on past work and advance the state of the art.
In computer science, much has been said and done to allow comparison of programming languages, yet no similar theory exists for programming systems; we believe that programming systems deserve a theory too.
We present a framework of technical dimensions which capture the underlying characteristics of programming systems and provide a means for conceptualizing and comparing them.
We identify technical dimensions by examining past influential programming systems and reviewing their design principles, technical capabilities, and styles of user interaction. Technical dimensions capture characteristics that may be studied, compared and advanced independently. This makes it possible to talk about programming systems in a way that can be shared and constructively debated rather than relying solely on personal impressions.
Our framework is derived using a qualitative analysis of past programming systems. We outline two concrete ways of using our framework. First, we show how it can analyze a recently developed novel programming system. Then, we use it to identify an interesting unexplored point in the design space of programming systems.
Much research effort focuses on building programming systems that are easier to use, accessible to non-experts, moldable and/or powerful, but such efforts are disconnected. They are informal, guided by the personal vision of their authors and thus are only evaluable and comparable on the basis of individual experience using them. By providing foundations for more systematic research, we can help programming systems researchers to stand, at last, on the shoulders of giants
AIUCD 2022 - Proceedings
L’undicesima edizione del Convegno Nazionale dell’AIUCD-Associazione di Informatica Umanistica ha per titolo Culture digitali. Intersezioni: filosofia, arti, media. Nel titolo è presente, in maniera esplicita, la richiesta di una riflessione, metodologica e teorica, sull’interrelazione tra tecnologie digitali, scienze dell’informazione, discipline filosofiche, mondo delle arti e cultural studies
Retrieval, analysis and visualization of data from social media
[Abstract] This work is concerned with the development of an application that automates the identification,
tracking, storage and visualization of social media contents, particularly of Twitter
data. It is guided by the requirements of a client requesting such contents with regard to
Vespa velutina, an invasive wasp species that is known to cause death due to severe allergic
reactions.[Resumo] Este traballo trata sobre o desenvolvemento dunha aplicación que automatiza a identificación,
seguimento, almacenamiento e visualización de contidos de redes sociais, concretamente
de Twitter. Está guiado polos requirimentos dun cliente que precisa contidos sobre a Vespa
velutina, unha especie invasora de avespa que pode causar a morte por reaccións alérxicas
severas.Traballo fin de grao. Enxeñaría Informática. Curso 2021/202
Developing end-of-life care at a Portuguese nursing home through participatory action research
Background: Nursing homes are places where older people live and often die but little is known about the needs of those who care for them, in Portugal. Aim: to identify the needs of nursing home staff when caring for older people at the end of life; to understand the cultural nuances of providing care at the end-of-life in nursing homes; to develop, with nursing home staff, a culturally appropriate programme that meets their needs; and to plan for future development. Methods: Participatory Action Research was used to identify needs and to develop interventions, designed by the staff themselves, aimed at improving care. Up to ten nursing home staff participated in a six-cycle research process, with data collected, analysed, and used in sequential plan-act-reflect steps. Findings: The silence that surrounds a resident’s death has a severe impact on the lives of those who survive him/her. Lacking competencies in grief management, and with no emotional and relational space to express grief emotions, staff strive to manage their loss, while trying to support other residents. Acknowledging the existence of death and its impact on nursing home life made the invisibility of death and mourning visible, and interventions possible, providing closure to all. Conclusion: The impact of death and dying on nursing home life needs to be recognised. If adequately supported, nursing home staff can develop strategies to manage grief and mourning, to improve their knowledge of the residents’ needs and wishes, improve communication among staff, and ultimately improve care
Graphical scaffolding for the learning of data wrangling APIs
In order for students across the sciences to avail themselves of modern data streams, they must first know how to wrangle data: how to reshape ill-organised, tabular data into another format, and how to do this programmatically, in languages such as Python and R. Despite the cross-departmental demand and the ubiquity of data wrangling in analytical workflows, the research on how to optimise the instruction of it has been minimal. Although data wrangling as a programming domain presents distinctive challenges - characterised by on-the-fly syntax lookup and code example integration - it also presents opportunities. One such opportunity is how tabular data structures are easily visualised. To leverage the inherent visualisability of data wrangling, this dissertation evaluates three types of graphics that could be employed as scaffolding for novices: subgoal graphics, thumbnail graphics, and parameter graphics. Using a specially built e-learning platform, this dissertation documents a multi-institutional, randomised, and controlled experiment that investigates the pedagogical effects of these. Our results indicate that the graphics are well-received, that subgoal graphics boost the completion rate, and that thumbnail graphics improve navigability within a command menu. We also obtained several non-significant results, and indications that parameter graphics are counter-productive. We will discuss these findings in the context of general scaffolding dilemmas, and how they fit into a wider research programme on data wrangling instruction
“How can you have music therapy without humour?!”: a phenomenologically informed arts-based reflexive study exploring humour in music therapy with persons living with dementia
In music therapy practice, humour is closely linked to playfulness and play and is largely taken for granted by music therapists. Despite music therapists’ anecdotal interest, to date there has been little in-depth focus on humour in music therapy work. The two main studies written in the English language address the use of humour and its musical form and are positioned from music therapists’ perspectives. Thus, a need was identified for including the views of persons attending music therapy, along with more comprehensive study of relational experiences and therapeutic consequences of humour.
A pilot phase of this study showed humour as relationally significant and invited the development of novel methods with which to investigate it. Subsequently, a phenomenologically informed reflexive-relational methodology was used to better understand 1. How humour enables contact in music therapy with persons living with dementia and 2. How music therapists perceive, embody and experience humour in music therapy. Interpretative methods of “interview-encounters” with persons living with dementia and their music therapists, and focus groups with music therapists, were used to gather data and arts-based reflexive methods of sense-making offered imaginal understanding of relational experiences of humour.
Familiar verbal, non-verbal and embodied forms of humour, or “in-jokes”, were found to act as catalysts for intrapersonal and interpersonal contact between music therapists and persons living with dementia. These moments appeared to heighten experiences of presence in relation to self and other. In addition, contact through humour enabled a relational equality that was meaningful as well as individually agential.
From music therapists’ perspectives, a tension was found between humour and a sense of professional identity and role in practice. This appeared to lead to anxiety when using or engaging with humour and meant that a sense of relational risk was embodied in performing humour in practice. The music therapists involved in the study had absorbed this sense of risk bodily through experiences of improvising with others whilst training. Important questions were therefore raised around the “tool-ness” of humour which also surfaced implicit power dynamics in music therapy relationships.
Framing a sense of humour as a developmentally vital relational experience, this study suggests that a more sophisticated understanding of humour in music therapy is needed. This has broad implications for considering music therapy processes, pedagogy and practice
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