Nebraska 4-H Farm Forestry Second Year : Extension Circular 11-11-2

This 4-h extension circular is used in guiding the club members through the forestry projects. It includes all the requirements and 5 problems for the members to work through

How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really?

Finding a good join order is crucial for query performance. In this paper, we introduce the Join Order Benchmark (JOB) and experimentally revisi

Winter habitat use by mule deer in Idaho and Montana

Winter survival for species such as Rocky Mountain mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) depends on an energy conservation strategy where they use habitats at lower elevations and on south facing slopes with adequate thermal or canopy cover. However, not all mule deer habitats are equivalent in components or weather conditions, which contribute to differences in habitat use patterns and behavior among wintering populations. We examined winter habitat use by mule deer on the East Front of the Rocky Mountains, Montana and Warm Springs and Sink Creek, east-central Idaho to determine how weather and vegetation affect habitat use in different winter ranges. We used radiotelemetry to locate adult female mule deer and estimated microsite habitat conditions including wind speed, snow depth, percent cover of individual plant species, hiding cover, and canopy cover during winter 2010—2011. We compared data at deer locations to random locations across each study area using logistic regression, developing models based on pooled data for each study area, times of snow accumulation, and times of high wind speeds (for the East Front). We evaluated model fit using a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). Our final models indicated that deer use different habitat components on different winter ranges. On the East Front, a combination of landscape and weather variables predicted probability of deer use of areas. These included percent cover of trees, creeping juniper (Juniperus horizontalis), buffaloberry (Shepherdia canadensis), curly sedge (Carex rupestris), prairie sagewort (Artemisia frigida), whitemargin phlox (Phlox albomarginata), percent slope, snow depth, wind speed, and exposure to wind. These and additional covariates changed in magnitude depending upon weather conditions. Model covariates also changed depending on deer behavior. In Idaho, tall threetip sagebrush (A. tripartita tripartita) and phlox (Phlox spp.) were important predictors of mule deer habitat use, while tall threetip sagebrush and cumulative forbs predicted use of areas under snow conditions. Mule deer habitat use differed between Idaho study areas. In the Warm Springs study area, covariates related to foraging predicted habitat use whereas in Sink Creek, covariates related to thermal or hiding cover predicted habitat use. Differences among all 3 study areas indicate that deer use different habitat components under different winter conditions. Discrepancies among winter ranges are important considerations for habitat requirements of mule deer

The Western Mistic, March 30, 1961

https://red.mnstate.edu/western-mistic/1823/thumbnail.jp

Case 13 : Preparing for the Tickpocalypse

The blacklegged tick population is increasing within the Realike region, and this has been associated with the emergence and increase of Lyme disease cases in the area. Zachary Smith, the Manager of the Safe Water and Rabies Prevention & Control, and Vector-Borne Disease team at the Realike Health Unit’s Environmental Health Department, has been notified by Public Health Ontario of a potential Lyme disease outbreak in the area. Lyme disease is a vector-borne disease caused by bites from blacklegged ticks, also known as deer ticks, that are infected with Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria. The disease was once mostly endemic to the United States, Europe, and parts of Asia. However, due to the uncertainty and negative impacts induced by climate change, the Realike region is now an endemic Lyme disease risk area. As per Ontario’s Emergency Management and Civil Protection Act, all municipalities should be prepared for emergencies such as disease outbreaks and, therefore should develop an emergency management program (Government of Ontario, 1990b). Further, the latest amendment of the Ontario Public Health Standards includes the addition of emergency management as one of the four foundational standards (MOHLTC, 2018a). This mandates that public health programs and services delivered by Ontario public health units incorporate all four of these foundational standards. The province’s public health standards state that emergency management plays a critical role in public health programming as it enables boards of health to ensure that they possess the capacity to respond to emerging and re-emerging threats within the community. Compliance with the standards also ensures that health units maintain adaptability and are resilient during times of high stress and in the presence of disruption. Currently, Ontario does not have any guidelines or emergency management plans for Lyme disease. Zachary must consider all elements of the problem and apply a systems-thinking approach to develop an efficient emergency preparedness plan for Lyme disease. This plan will provide a safe and healthy environment for the residents of the Realike region by ensuring that they are aware of the increased level of Lyme disease within the region

A join-based hybrid parameter for constraint satisfaction

We propose joinwidth, a new complexity parameter for the Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP). The definition of joinwidth is based on the arrangement of basic operations on relations (joins, projections, and pruning), which inherently reflects the steps required to solve the instance. We use joinwidth to obtain polynomial-time algorithms (if a corresponding decomposition is provided in the input) as well as fixed-parameter algorithms (if no such decomposition is provided) for solving the CSP. Joinwidth is a hybrid parameter, as it takes both the graphical structure as well as the constraint relations that appear in the instance into account. It has, therefore, the potential to capture larger classes of tractable instances than purely structural parameters like hypertree width and the more general fractional hypertree width (fhtw). Indeed, we show that any class of instances of bounded fhtw also has bounded joinwidth, and that there exist classes of instances of bounded joinwidth and unbounded fhtw, so bounded joinwidth properly generalizes bounded fhtw. We further show that bounded joinwidth also properly generalizes several other known hybrid restrictions, such as fhtw with degree constraints and functional dependencies. In this sense, bounded joinwidth can be seen as a unifying principle that explains the tractability of several seemingly unrelated classes of CSP instances

Thirty lessons in outlining for fourth grade

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Arçura/Şüräle: Mythical Spirits of the Volga-Ural Forests

Folk beliefs, which have their source in history, culture and geography, are among the most significant factors determining the identity and characteristic features of a people. In Tatar and Chuvash folk literature myths about mythological beings are often stories written in prose, describing supernatural creatures and spirits. These stories describe “encounters” between humans on the one hand and various mythological creatures, on the other. Among these Arçura/Şüräle is a Forest Spirit which has a very significant role in folk narratives of not only the Tatars and the Chuvash, but widely in the folk culture of other Volga-Ural peoples. These mythological beliefs help people of the Volga-Ural region perceive themselves as a part of the universe. In this paper, the etymology of the word Arçura/Şüräle is investigated; then its characteristics and its comparison with some other neighbouring Volga-Ural Finno-Ugrian and shamanic Turkic-Mongol spirits are examined