Desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta de geração de código para um sistema de informação

A análise de requisitos de software e design de software são tradicionalmente inconsistentes, nomeadamente na perspetiva de modelação de negócios, software e rastreabilidade de implementação [1]. Este problema poderá fazer com que a fase de desenvolvimento dos projetos seja um processo mais demorado que o esperado, e quando um dos modelos sofre uma alteração também poderá fazer com que potencialmente não esteja garantida a rastreabilidade, a partir de qualquer um dos modelos, até à implementação do código. O problema maior das possíveis alterações dosrequisitos e de não ser mantida a atualização dos modelos, é que por vezes a adaptação de um sistema, já implementado ou em vias de implementação, não é simples, podendo fazer com que estas alterações tenham um custo elevado, tal como um impacto negativo relativamente ao tempo de implementação, podendo inclusivamente inviabilizar o projeto [2]. O objetivo deste projeto passa pelo desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta que permita gerar o código que possa ser utilizado, por sua vez, no Hydra Code Generator para gerar o código para a plataforma Hydra, de forma a estabelecer uma relação direta entre a modelação do negócio e a implementação, e assim acelerar o processo de implementação do software, e tornar a fase de desenvolvimento de software mais rápida e automatizada. O código deverá ser gerado tendo em conta uma modelação de um processo de negócio. A modelação será assim baseada numa abordagem aplicada a uma ferramenta de geração de código para a framework Hydra [3]. A principal contribuição deste projeto visa acelerar e automatizar o processo de desenvolvimento de software utilizado na Universidade da Madeira, automatizando a implementação com a geração de uma Domain Specific Language (DSL) para a framework Hydra, através da implementação da relação entre o modelo de negócio, o Plataform Independent Model (PIM), e o modelo de implementação, o Plataform Specific Model (PSM), de forma a conseguir gerar a interface do utilizador, a lógica de negócio e a base de dados. Posteriormente, foram realizados casos de estudo como forma de testar e verificar o funcionamento da ferramenta implementada assim como verificar as suas limitações.Requirements analysis in software and software design are traditionally inconsistent, namely from the perspective of business modeling, software and implementation traceability [1]. This problem can make the development phase of the projects a process that takes longer than expected, and when one of the models is changed, it can also make the traceability not guaranteed, from any of the models to code implementation. The biggest problem with possible changes in system requirements and not keeping the the models updated is that sometimes the adaptation of a system, already implemented or in the process of being implemented, is not simple, which can cause these changes to have a high cost, as well as a negative impact in the implementation time, which may even make the project unfeasible [2]. The objective of this project involves the development of a tool that allows the generation of code that can be used, in the Hydra Code Generator to generate the code for the Hydra platform, in order to establish a direct relationship between business modeling and implementation, and speeding up the software implementation process, and making the software development phase faster and more automated. The code should be generated taking into account a business process modeling. The modeling will be based on an approach applied to a code generation tool for the Hydra framework [3]. The main contribution of this project aims to accelerate and automate the software development process used at the University of Madeira, automating the implementation with the generation of a Domain Specific Language (DSL) for the Hydra framework, through the implementation of the relationship between the business model, the Platform Independent Model (PIM), and the implementation model, the Platform Specific Model (PSM), in order to generate the user interface, the business logic and the database. Later, case studies were carried out as a way of testing and checking the operation of the implemented tool and to verify its limitations

Object-process networks and object-process diagrams : implementation issues for oil exploration systems

This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-104).This thesis discusses different ways to increase the ability of OPN (Object-Process- Network), a system-architecture meta-language, to model complex systems and identify architectures to address those systems. It proposes ways to generate "out-of-the-box" solutions to technical problems, to weight a portfolio of objects as a possible way to achieve system functionality, to examine which of the possible subsystems should be within the system boundary and to rank architectures based on the value they create for the system stakeholders. The thesis also provides case studies to examine the practical aspects of those proposals.by Ziv Rozenblum.S.M

A Model-Based Approach to Comprehensive Risk Management for Medical Devices

The European medical technology industry consists of around 27,000 companies, more than 95% of them small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), with over 675,000 employees [MEDT17]. In the European Union (EU) alone, medical devices constituted by far the biggest part of the medical technology (MedTech) sector with a market of 95 billion euros in annual sales in 2015 [EURO15].The European medical technology industry consists of around 27,000 companies, more than 95% of them small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), with over 675,000 employees [MEDT17]. In the European Union (EU) alone, medical devices constituted by far the biggest part of the medical technology (MedTech) sector with a market of 95 billion euros in annual sales in 2015 [EURO15]

Search-based system architecture development using a holistic modeling approach

This dissertation presents an innovative approach to system architecting where search algorithms are used to explore design trade space for good architecture alternatives. Such an approach is achieved by integrating certain model construction, alternative generation, simulation, and assessment processes into a coherent and automated framework. This framework is facilitated by a holistic modeling approach that combines the capabilities of Object Process Methodology (OPM), Colored Petri Net (CPN), and feature model. The resultant holistic model can not only capture the structural, behavioral, and dynamic aspects of a system, allowing simulation and strong analysis methods to be applied, it can also specify the architectural design space. Both object-oriented analysis and design (OOA/D) and domain engineering were exploited to capture design variables and their domains and define architecture generation operations. A fully realized framework (with genetic algorithms as the search algorithm) was developed. Both the proposed framework and its suggested implementation, including the proposed holistic modeling approach and architecture alternative generation operations, are generic. They are targeted at systems that can be specified using object-oriented or process-oriented paradigm. The broad applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated on two examples. One is the configuration of reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMSs) under multi-objective optimization and the other is the architecture design of a manned lunar landing system for the Apollo program. The test results show that the proposed approach can cover a huge number of architecture alternatives and support the assessment of several performance measures. A set of quality results was obtained after running the optimization algorithm following the proposed framework --Abstract, page iii

Evolutionary Design Model for the design of complex engineered systems : Masdar City as a case study

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computation for Design and Optimization Program, 2009."September 2009." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-157).This thesis develops a framework for constructing an Evolutionary Design Model (EDM) that would enhance the design of complex systems through an efficient process. The framework proposed is generic and suggests a group of systematic methodologies that eventually lead to a fully realized and integrated design model. Within this model, complexities of the design are handled and the uncertainties of the design evolution are managed. Using the framework, vast design spaces can be searched while solutions are intelligently modified, their performance evaluated, and their results aggregated into a compatible set for design decisions. The EDM is composed of several design states as well as design evolving processes. A design state describes a design at a particular point in time and maps the system's object to the system's requirements and identifies its relation to the context in which the system will operate. A design evolving process involves many sub-processes which include formulation, decomposition, modeling, and integration. These sub-processes are not always carried out in a sequential manner, but rather a continuous move back and forth to previous and subsequent stages is expected. The resulting design model is described as an evolutionary model that moves a system's design from simple abstract states to more complex and detailed states throughout its evolution.(cont.) The framework utilizes system modeling methodologies that include both logical and mathematical modeling methods. The type of model used within the EDM's evolving processes is highly dependent on and driven by design needs of each process. As the design progresses a shift from logical models to mathematical models occurs within the EDM. Finally, a partial EDM is implemented within the context of a computational design system for Masdar city to demonstrate the application of the proposed framework.By Anas Alfaris.S.M

A process model in platform independent and neutral formal representation for design engineering automation

An engineering design process as part of product development (PD) needs to satisfy ever-changing customer demands by striking a balance between time, cost and quality. In order to achieve a faster lead-time, improved quality and reduced PD costs for increased profits, automation methods have been developed with the help of virtual engineering. There are various methods of achieving Design Engineering Automation (DEA) with Computer-Aided (CAx) tools such as CAD/CAE/CAM, Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) and Knowledge Based Engineering (KBE). For example, Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools enable Geometry Automation (GA), PLM systems allow for sharing and exchange of product knowledge throughout the PD lifecycle. Traditional automation methods are specific to individual products and are hard-coded and bound by the proprietary tool format. Also, existing CAx tools and PLM systems offer bespoke islands of automation as compared to KBE. KBE as a design method incorporates complete design intent by including re-usable geometric, non-geometric product knowledge as well as engineering process knowledge for DEA including various processes such as mechanical design, analysis and manufacturing. It has been recognised, through an extensive literature review, that a research gap exists in the form of a generic and structured method of knowledge modelling, both informal and formal modelling, of mechanical design process with manufacturing knowledge (DFM/DFA) as part of model based systems engineering (MBSE) for DEA with a KBE approach. There is a lack of a structured technique for knowledge modelling, which can provide a standardised method to use platform independent and neutral formal standards for DEA with generative modelling for mechanical product design process and DFM with preserved semantics. The neutral formal representation through computer or machine understandable format provides open standard usage. This thesis provides a contribution to knowledge by addressing this gap in two-steps: • In the first step, a coherent process model, GPM-DEA is developed as part of MBSE which can be used for modelling of mechanical design with manufacturing knowledge utilising hybrid approach, based on strengths of existing modelling standards such as IDEF0, UML, SysML and addition of constructs as per author’s Metamodel. The structured process model is highly granular with complex interdependencies such as activities, object, function, rule association and includes the effect of the process model on the product at both component and geometric attributes. • In the second step, a method is provided to map the schema of the process model to equivalent platform independent and neutral formal standards using OWL/SWRL ontology for system development using Protégé tool, enabling machine interpretability with semantic clarity for DEA with generative modelling by building queries and reasoning on set of generic SWRL functions developed by the author. Model development has been performed with the aid of literature analysis and pilot use-cases. Experimental verification with test use-cases has confirmed the reasoning and querying capability on formal axioms in generating accurate results. Some of the other key strengths are that knowledgebase is generic, scalable and extensible, hence provides re-usability and wider design space exploration. The generative modelling capability allows the model to generate activities and objects based on functional requirements of the mechanical design process with DFM/DFA and rules based on logic. With the help of application programming interface, a platform specific DEA system such as a KBE tool or a CAD tool enabling GA and a web page incorporating engineering knowledge for decision support can consume relevant part of the knowledgebase