6,135,167 research outputs found
Winding Number in String Field Theory
Motivated by the similarity between cubic string field theory (CSFT) and the
Chern-Simons theory in three dimensions, we study the possibility of
interpreting N=(\pi^2/3)\int(U Q_B U^{-1})^3 as a kind of winding number in
CSFT taking quantized values. In particular, we focus on the expression of N as
the integration of a BRST-exact quantity, N=\int Q_B A, which vanishes
identically in naive treatments. For realizing non-trivial N, we need a
regularization for divergences from the zero eigenvalue of the operator K in
the KBc algebra. This regularization must at same time violate the
BRST-exactness of the integrand of N. By adopting the regularization of
shifting K by a positive infinitesimal, we obtain the desired value
N[(U_tv)^{\pm 1}]=\mp 1 for U_tv corresponding to the tachyon vacuum. However,
we find that N[(U_tv)^{\pm 2}] differs from \mp 2, the value expected from the
additive law of N. This result may be understood from the fact that \Psi=U Q_B
U^{-1} with U=(U_tv)^{\pm 2} does not satisfy the CSFT EOM in the strong sense
and hence is not truly a pure-gauge in our regularization.Comment: 20 pages, no figures; v2: references added, minor change
Far-Ultraviolet Number Counts of Field Galaxies
The far-ultraviolet (FUV) number counts of galaxies constrain the evolution
of the star-formation rate density of the universe. We report the FUV number
counts computed from FUV imaging of several fields including the Hubble Ultra
Deep Field, the Hubble Deep Field North, and small areas within the GOODS-North
and -South fields. These data were obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope
Solar Blind Channel of the Advance Camera for Surveys. The number counts sample
a FUV AB magnitude range from 21-29 and cover a total area of 15.9 arcmin^2, ~4
times larger than the most recent HST FUV study. Our FUV counts intersect
bright FUV GALEX counts at 22.5 mag and they show good agreement with recent
semi-analytic models based on dark matter "merger trees" by Somerville et al.
(2011). We show that the number counts are ~35% lower than in previous HST
studies that use smaller areas. The differences between these studies are
likely the result of cosmic variance; our new data cover more lines of sight
and more area than previous HST FUV studies. The integrated light from field
galaxies is found to contribute between 65.9 +/-8 - 82.6 +/-12
photons/s/cm^2/sr/angstrom to the FUV extragalactic background. These
measurements set a lower limit for the total FUV background light.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ, including 34 pages, 6 figures, and 2
table
Far-Ultraviolet Number Counts on Field Galaxies
The far-ultraviolet (FUV) number counts of galaxies constrain the evolution of the star formation rate density of the universe. We report the FUV number counts computed from FUV imaging of several fields including the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, the Hubble Deep Field North, and small areas within the GOODS-North and South fields. These data were obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Solar Blind Channel of the Advance Camera for Surveys. The number counts sample an FUV AB magnitude range from 21 to 29 and cover a total area of 15.9 arcmin^2, ~4 times larger than the most recent HST FUV study. Our FUV counts intersect bright FUV Galaxy Evolution Explorer counts at 22.5 mag and they show good agreement with recent semi-analytic models based on dark matter "merger trees" by R. S. Somerville et al. We show that the number counts are ~35% lower than in previous HST studies that use smaller areas. The differences between these studies are likely the result of cosmic variance; our new data cover more lines of sight and more area than previous HST FUV studies. The integrated light from field galaxies is found to contribute between 65.9^(+8)_(–8) and 82.6^(+12)_(–)12 photons s^(–1) cm^(–2) sr^(–1) Å^(–1) to the FUV extragalactic background. These measurements set a lower limit for the total FUV background light
Galois cohomology of a number field is Koszul
We prove that the Milnor ring of any (one-dimensional) local or global field
K modulo a prime number l is a Koszul algebra over Z/l. Under mild assumptions
that are only needed in the case l=2, we also prove various module Koszulity
properties of this algebra. This provides evidence in support of Koszulity
conjectures that were proposed in our previous papers. The proofs are based on
the Class Field Theory and computations with quadratic commutative Groebner
bases (commutative PBW-bases).Comment: LaTeX 2e, 25 pages; v.2: minor grammatic changes; v.3: classical
references added, remark inserted in subsection 1.6, details of arguments
added in subsections 1.4, 1.7 and sections 5 and 6; v.4: still more misprints
corrected, acknowledgement updated, a sentence inserted in section 4, a
reference added -- this is intended as the final versio
Quantitative Riemann existence theorem over a number field
Given a covering of the projective line with ramifications defined over a
number field, we define a plain model of the algebraic curve realizing the
Riemann existence theorem for this covering, and bound explicitly the defining
equation of this curve and its definition field.Comment: 23 pages, version 4, minor change
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