Modelo económico para la incorporación de generación con fuentes renovables no convencionales

The study aims to find the optimal prices to encourage the generation of electricity through the use of non-conventional renewable energies such as hydro, wind, solar and biomass. For this purpose, by solving a mathematical model of nonlinear optimization, prices that allow the investor to recover the investment in a timely manner and in turn provide diversification generator Park taking into account all the parameters necessary for obtaining favorable be determined a commensurate economic value to the energy environment, thus allowing the private sector to invest in the power sector. The mathematical development is based on an economic assessment, in which values taken with which it seeks to obtain a WACC according to market environment by setting a weighted cost of capital to meet the minimum acceptable rate of return for a given project, parallel to this, the optimization model, the technical data by type of technology, the type of investment costs and operating concession terms, preferred resource usage periods included; and normative aspects that regulate the activity of generation for private enterpriseEl estudio pretende encontrar los precios óptimos para incentivar la generación de electricidad a través del uso de energías renovables no convencionales tales como: hidráulica, eólica, fotovoltaica y biomasa. Para el efecto, mediante la resolución de un modelo matemático de optimización no lineal, se determinaran los precios que permitan al inversionista recuperar la inversión de forma oportuna y a su vez ofrecer la diversificación del Parque generador tomando en cuenta todos los parámetros necesarios para la favorable obtención de un valor económico acorde con el entorno energético, permitiendo así que la empresa privada invierta en el sector eléctrico. El desarrollo matemático se basa en una evaluación económica, en la cual se toma valores con los cuales se busca obtener un WACC acorde al entorno de mercado definiendo un costo ponderado de capital para encontrar la mínima tasa de retorno aceptable para un determinado proyecto, paralelo a esto, se incluye el modelo de optimización, los datos técnicos por tipo de tecnología, los costos tipo de inversión y operación, plazos de concesión, periodos preferentes de uso de recursos; y, los aspectos normativos que regulan la actividad de generación para la empresa privada

IMPLEMENTING PROJECT PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT MODEL TO SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED PROJECTS IN A MULTINATIONAL COMPANY – A DYNAMIC APPROACH

ABSTRACT Hectic project environment encourages organizations to invest more in developing overall project management through portfolio management to improve resource allocation and project prioritization whilst maximizing portfolio value and customer satisfaction. Thus, this thesis is conceived to examine the implementation of a project portfolio management model to respond to the dynamic customer project needs in the departments of electrical and automation as well as technical documentation in Etteplan Finland Oy. There were five separate interviews conducted together with the essential managers accompanied with thorough research on the current methodologies. Exploiting the interview results, a comprehensive research on the feasible dynamic management methodologies was executed. Based on results from the mentioned research methods, there was a broad case study implemented to compare the current methodologies with the new proposals and evaluate their feasibility and business value for the departments. Additionally, a SVM implementation was performed to find new aspects to efficiently managing projects. The results of the thesis showed the positive impact of applying dynamic project management methods for improved efficiency and reduction in projects overall costs. This enabled better understanding of KPI’s as well as methods for transparent communication. From a profitability perspective, this thesis emphasizes the need of implementing the methods for the companies small and medium sized projects for continuous development.TIIVISTELMÄ Hektinen projektiympäristö kannustaa organisaatioita investoimaan projektien portfolion hallintaan ja täten parantamaan projektienhallintaa kokonaisuudessaan. Näin voidaan saavuttaa parempi resurssien hallinta, projektien priorisointi ja samanaikaisesti maksimoida portfolion arvoa sekä asiakastyytyväisyyttä. Täten työn tarkoituksena on tutkia projektisalkun käyttöönottoa Etteplan Finland Oy:n sähkö ja automaation, sekä teknisen dokumentoinnin yksiköissä, jotta voidaan vastata asiakasprojektien dynaamisiin vaatimuksiin. Tutkielmassa haastateltiin yksikköjen päälliköitä ja projektitoimiston henkilöstöä, sekä tutkittiin kattavasti yrityksen käyttämiä tämänhetkisiä työkaluja. Tutkimustulosten avulla selvitettiin toteuttamiskelpoisten dynaamisten projektinhallintatyökalujen käyttömahdollisuuksia yksiköissä. Tämän jälkeen toteutettiin laaja case-tutkimus ja vertailu nykyisten ja uusien toimintatapojen välillä, sekä arvioitiin toimintatapojen käyttökelpoisuutta ja liiketoiminnallista arvoa. Lisäksi, työssä otettiin käyttöön SVM-malli tuomaan uusia näkökulmia tehokkaaseen projektien johtamiseen. Työn tulokset todensivat dynaamisen projektijohtamisen vaikutukset projektin tehokkuuteen ja kokonaiskustannusten alentumiseen. Tämän lisäksi työ toi esille toimintatapoja läpinäkyvään kommunikointiin, sekä korosti suorituskykymittareiden tärkeyttä. Yrityksen jatkuvan kehityksen ja kannattavuuden näkökulmasta työssä painottuu työkalujen ja metodien käyttöönoton tärkeys pienissä ja keskisuurissa asiakasprojekteissa

Estudio de viabilidad para la producción de coagulante natural a partir de Nopal opuntia y Alumbre mediante la aplicación de estrategias técnicas de gerencia de proyectos.

Entre las técnicas más destacadas para el tratamiento de las aguas residuales (A.R) piscícolas está el uso de los coagulantes y floculantes químicos con funciones optimas disponibles en el mercado, a alto costo y que podrían ser perjudiciales a la salud y el medio ambiente. Debido a esta necesidad, se busca realizar un estudio de viabilidad para la producción de Coagulante natural a partir de Nopal Opuntia y Alumbre para la remoción de contaminantes en aguas residuales piscícolas aplicando estrategias de la gestión de proyectos que defina la viabilidad del proyecto de inversión.Among the most prominent techniques for the treatment of fish wastewater (W.W.) is the use of chemical coagulants and flocculants with optimal functions available in the market, at high cost and that could be harmful to health and the environment. Due to this need, a feasibility study for the production of a natural coagulant from Nopal Opuntia and Alum for the removal of pollutants in fish wastewater is sought, applying project management strategies to define the feasibility of the investment project

System approach to evaluate economic feasibility of renewable generation for rural communities

Over recent years, severe weather from storms and flooding have damaged electricity networks and caused power cuts substantially for rural communities. With Government targets for increasing the contribution of renewable electricity to energy supplies, it is possible that this contribution could be combined with improvements to the security of energy of rural communities. This research investigates the hypothesis that communities with adjacent land could generate communal electric power economically to substitute grid power for substantial period of time. Excess generated power is made available to the grid thus boosting the availability of renewable energy while at the same generating revenue for the community and increasing security of supply to these communities. The question for this research is whether community energy schemes can be economically viable and if so what configuration of wind turbines and solar panels would support an optimal solution. An optimal solution is dependent on energy consumption, the dynamics of weather, land availability, lifetime support for generation facilities and changing government policies. The complex nature of the community energy question, with nonlinear and dynamical constraints requires a systems approach to the problem definition and modelling in order to understand the economic feasibility of renewable electricity generation for rural communities in the UK. A comprehensive renewable electricity generation model is developed that combines onshore wind turbine and solar PV panel to generate electricity for community. The energy generation model combines linear, non-linear and dynamical behavioural variables to develop a novel approach to modelling. Discrete event simulation is applied to analyse the performance of the community energy system together with configuring the optimal combination of technologies. System dynamics modelling is used to assess the impact of feasibility of the renewable generation economics on future investment in the technology. Overall, this thesis successfully demonstrates the development of the system modelling method for grid connected renewable electricity generation at community level. The results demonstrate viability of these type of renewable electricity generation investments and how economy scale can be improved, aiming to attract more investment in local renewable generation farms. This research applied the new model to a case study, Huntly in Scotland with real data and found that, one 1.5MW turbine generating 2,700,000kWh/year of electricity yielded 72% rate of return on investment (ROR) that makes the scheme feasible