79,536 research outputs found
Double crystallographic groups and their representations on the Bilbao Crystallographic Server
A new section of databases and programs devoted to double crystallographic
groups (point and space groups) has been implemented in the Bilbao
Crystallographic Server (http://www.cryst.ehu.es). The double crystallographic
groups are required in the study of physical systems whose Hamiltonian includes
spin-dependent terms. In the symmetry analysis of such systems, instead of the
irreducible representations of the space groups, it is necessary to consider
the single- and double-valued irreducible representations of the double space
groups. The new section includes databases of symmetry operations (DGENPOS) and
of irreducible representations of the double (point and space) groups
(REPRESENTATIONS DPG and REPRESENTATIONS DSG). The tool DCOMPATIBILITY
RELATIONS provides compatibility relations between the irreducible
representations of double space groups at different k-vectors of the Brillouin
zone when there is a group-subgroup relation between the corresponding little
groups. The program DSITESYM implements the so-called site-symmetry approach,
which establishes symmetry relations between localized and extended crystal
states, using representations of the double groups. As an application of this
approach, the program BANDREP calculates the band representations and the
elementary band representations induced from any Wyckoff position of any of the
230 double space groups, giving information about the properties of these
bands. Recently, the results of BANDREP have been extensively applied in the
description and the search of topological insulators.Comment: 32 pages, 20 figures. Two extra figures and minor typo mistakes
fixed. Published versio
Building Blocks of Topological Quantum Chemistry: Elementary Band Representations
The link between chemical orbitals described by local degrees of freedom and
band theory, which is defined in momentum space, was proposed by Zak several
decades ago for spinless systems with and without time-reversal in his theory
of "elementary" band representations. In Nature 547, 298-305 (2017), we
introduced the generalization of this theory to the experimentally relevant
situation of spin-orbit coupled systems with time-reversal symmetry and proved
that all bands that do not transform as band representations are topological.
Here, we give the full details of this construction. We prove that elementary
band representations are either connected as bands in the Brillouin zone and
are described by localized Wannier orbitals respecting the symmetries of the
lattice (including time-reversal when applicable), or, if disconnected,
describe topological insulators. We then show how to generate a band
representation from a particular Wyckoff position and determine which Wyckoff
positions generate elementary band representations for all space groups. This
theory applies to spinful and spinless systems, in all dimensions, with and
without time reversal. We introduce a homotopic notion of equivalence and show
that it results in a finer classification of topological phases than approaches
based only on the symmetry of wavefunctions at special points in the Brillouin
zone. Utilizing a mapping of the band connectivity into a graph theory problem,
which we introduced in Nature 547, 298-305 (2017), we show in companion papers
which Wyckoff positions can generate disconnected elementary band
representations, furnishing a natural avenue for a systematic materials search.Comment: 15+9 pages, 4 figures; v2: minor corrections; v3: updated references
(published version
Coherent spin relaxation in molecular magnets
Numerical modelling of coherent spin relaxation in nanomagnets, formed by
magnetic molecules of high spins, is accomplished. Such a coherent spin
dynamics can be realized in the presence of a resonant electric circuit coupled
to the magnet. Computer simulations for a system of a large number of
interacting spins is an efficient tool for studying the microscopic properties
of such systems. Coherent spin relaxation is an ultrafast process, with the
relaxation time that can be an order shorter than the transverse spin dephasing
time. The influence of different system parameters on the relaxation process is
analysed. The role of the sample geometry on the spin relaxation is
investigated.Comment: Latex file, 22 pages, 7 figure
A family of formulas with reversal of high avoidability index
We present an infinite family of formulas with reversal whose avoidability index is bounded between 4 and 5, and we show that several members of the family have avoidability index 5. This family is particularly interesting due to its size and the simple structure of its members. For each k ∈ {4,5}, there are several previously known avoidable formulas (without reversal) of avoidability index k, but they are small in number and they all have rather complex structure.http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S021819671750024
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Characterization of designed, synthetically accessible bryostatin analog HIV latency reversing agents.
HIV latency in resting CD4+ T cell represents a key barrier preventing cure of the infection with antiretroviral drugs alone. Latency reversing agents (LRAs) can activate HIV expression in latently infected cells, potentially leading to their elimination through virus-mediated cytopathic effects, host immune responses, and/or therapeutic strategies targeting cells actively expressing virus. We have recently described several structurally simplified analogs of the PKC modulator LRA bryostatin (termed bryologs) designed to improve synthetic accessibility, tolerability in vivo, and efficacy in inducing HIV latency reversal. Here we report the comparative performance of lead bryologs, including their effects in reducing cell surface expression of HIV entry receptors, inducing proinflammatory cytokines, inhibiting short-term HIV replication, and synergizing with histone deacetylase inhibitors to reverse HIV latency. These data provide unique insights into structure-function relationships between A- and B-ring bryolog modifications and activities in primary cells, and suggest that bryologs represent promising leads for preclinical advancement
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