350 research outputs found

    Near-Infrared Classification Spectroscopy: H-band Spectra of Fundamental MK Standards

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    We present a catalogue of H-band spectra for 85 stars of approximately solar abundance observed at a resolving power of 3000 with the KPNO Mayall 4m FTS. The atlas covers spectral types O7-M5 and luminosity classes I-V as defined on the MK system. We identify both atomic and molecular indices and line-ratios which are temperature and luminosity sensitive allowing spectral classification to be carried out in the H-band. The line ratios permit spectral classification in the presence of continuum excess emission, which is commonly found in pre-main sequence and evolved stars. We demonstrate that with spectra of R = 1000 obtained at SNR > 50 it is possible to derive spectral types within +- 2 subclasses for late-type stars. These data are available electronically through the Astronomical Data Center in addition to being served on the World-Wide-Web.Comment: To appear in the November 20, 1998 issue of ApJ (Volume 508, #1

    Hubble Frontier Field Free-form Mass Mapping of the Massive Multiple-merging Cluster MACSJ0717.5+3745

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    Hubble Frontier Field Free-form Mass Mapping of the Massive Multiple-merging Cluster MACSJ0717.5+3745

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    Short-term poverty dynamics of rural households: Evidence from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

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    The understanding of poverty dynamics is crucial for the design of appropriate poverty reduction strategies. Taking the case of Central Sulawesi, we investigate the determinants of both chronic and transitory poverty using data from 264 randomly selected households interviewed in 2005 and 2007. Regarding the US 1/daypovertyline,theheadcountindexdeclinedfrom19.3/day poverty line, the headcount index declined from 19.3% in 2005 to 18.2% in 2007. However, we observed an increasing number of people living on less than US 2/day expressed in purchasing power parity (PPP). The results of the estimated multinomial logit model applied in this study indicate that a lack of non-agricultural employment opportunities and low endowment of social capital are major determinants of chronic as well as transitory poverty in this province of Indonesia. These results are used to draw policy conclusions with respect to the alleviation of transitory and chronic poverty in Central Sulawesi

    Dimensionamento de estruturas de madeira tropical utilizando a densidade básica – LRFD

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    Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2018.Este trabalho apresenta uma formulação matemática para o dimensionamento de estruturas de madeira tropical utilizando a densidade básica. A concepção teórica proposta tem a densidade básica da madeira como variável independente para o dimensionamento de elementos estruturais solicitados a tração, ou a compressão axial, barras fletidas e barras submetidas a interação entre esforço normal e momento fletor. A formulação do método toma como referência as prescrições da norma brasileira NBR-7190/97, baseada no Método dos Estados Limites (LRFD). O dimensionamento utilizando a densidade básica pode ser adaptado para qualquer norma de projeto de estruturas de madeira que for utilizada como referência, independentemente do método de dimensionamento adotado pela norma tomada como base. A formulação matemática utiliza funções de resistência estimadas por um modelo de regressão linear simples amostral, construído a partir de banco de dados obtido de ensaios experimentais para caracterização de espécies de madeiras tropicais. O modelo de regressão linear concebido estima propriedades físicas e mecânicas dessa amostra utilizando a densidade básica da madeira. O Banco de Dados é o resultado de um programa experimental consistente conduzido pelo Laboratório de Produtos Florestais do Ministério do Meio Ambiente, que nos últimos trinta anos estudou e caracterizou 259 espécies de madeira da Amazônia, tendo como referência as normas Pan-Americanas COPANT-Comisión Panamericana de Normas Técnicas. Uma ampla análise da significância estatística das correlações entre propriedades físicas e mecânicas de espécies de madeira e a densidade básica, é apresentado no corpo do presente trabalho, no sentido de verificar a adequação da formulação proposta. As funções de correlação desenvolvidas também foram aplicadas a espécies de madeira originárias de outros continentes, a partir de um banco de dados com espécies de madeiras tropicais disponibilizado pelo Laboratório de Produtos Florestais dos Estados Unidos, apresentando um bom ajuste estatístico dos resultados obtidos.This work presents a mathematical formulation for the design of tropical wood structures using basic density. The proposed theoretical conception has wood basic density as an independent variable for the design of structural elements required for axial traction or compression, flexural members and the design of beam–columns. The formulation of the method takes as reference the prescriptions of the Brazilian standard NBR-7190/97, based on the Load Resistance Factor Design Method. The design using the basic density can be adapted to any design standard of timber structures that is used as reference, regardless of the design method adopted by the base standard. The mathematical formulation uses resistance functions estimated by a simple linear regression model, constructed from a database obtained from experimental tests for the characterization of tropical wood species. The designed linear regression model estimates the physical and mechanical properties of this sample using the basic density of the wood. The Database is the result of a consistent experimental program conducted by Laboratório de Produtos Florestais do Ministério do Meio Ambiente, which in the last thirty years has studied and characterized 259 species of wood from the Amazon, based on the Pan American Standards COPANT-Comisión Panamericana de Normas Técnicas. A broad analysis of the statistical significance of the correlations between physical and mechanical properties of wood species and the basic density is presented in the body of the present work in order to verify the suitability of the proposed formulation. The developed equations were also applied to wood species present in other continents, through a database provided by the United States Forest Products Laboratory, being verified a good statistical adjustment

    Is low-level laser therapy effective in acute or chronic low back pain?

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    The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on pain and functional capacity in patients with acute and chronic low back pain caused by lumbar disk herniation (LDH). LLLT has been used to treat acute and chronic pain of musculoskeletal system disorders. This study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Forty patients with acute (26 females/14 males) and 40 patients with chronic (20 females/20 males) low back pain caused by LDH were included in the study. Patients were randomly allocated into four groups. Group 1 (acute LDH, n=20) received hot-pack + laser therapy; group 2 (chronic LDH, n=20) received hot-pack + laser therapy; group 3 (acute LDH, n=20) received hot-pack + placebo laser therapy, and group 4 (chronic LDH, n=20) received hot-pack + placebo laser therapy, for 15 sessions during 3 weeks. Assessment parameters included pain, patients' global assessment, physician's global assessment, and functional capacity. Pain was evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) and Likert scale. Patients' and physician's global assessment were also measured with VAS. Modified Schober test and flexion and lateral flexion measures were used in the evaluation of range of motion (ROM) of lumbar spine. Roland Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) and Modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (MODQ) were used in the functional evaluation. Measurements were done before and after 3 weeks of treatment. After the treatment, there were statistically significant improvements in pain severity, patients' and physician's global assessment, ROM, RDQ scores, and MODQ scores in all groups (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were detected between four treatment groups with respect to all outcome parameters (p>0.05). There were no differences between laser and placebo laser treatments on pain severity and functional capacity in patients with acute and chronic low back pain caused by LDH

    With or without emoji?: impact of the use of emojis on online service booking on consumer perception

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    With the evolution of technology, we are currently experiencing a period in which communication is often mediated by computers (CMC). In addition to using this mode of communication between friends and colleagues, there are many pages and more and more services and brands to evolve into social networks. For example, there is even and the possibility of booking services through these methods (Facebook chat). With these new forms of communication existed, the language also changes. There was thus a need to adapt this new way of communicating the need to include non-verbal cues that are common in face-to-face communication (F2F). This is how emoticons and emoji came about. We carried out an experimental study to investigate how the use of emoji can influence consumers' perception of online services (Facebook chat) and restaurant. Participants (N = 200, 74% female) were exposed to a fictitious scenario that represented a negative or positive message (e.g., reservation request refused vs. accepted) and which included or not emoji was distinct in the presence or absence of emoji and in the valence of the message congruent with this message. The results indicate that the emoji exert influence in the perception of the consumers about the service and the restaurant, at several levels such as: the perception of modernity, the language used and the warmth. These evidences denote importance for the psychology of the consumer, because they indicate how much emoji can influence the consumer to have different perceptions about services used and brands.Com o evoluir da tecnologia, vivemos atualmente um período em que a comunicação é frequentemente mediada por computadores (CMC). Para além de usarmos este modo de comunicação entre amigos e colegas, há cada vez mais serviços e marcas a evoluir para as redes sociais. Por exemplo, existe inclusivamente a possibilidade de marcação de serviços através destes métodos (chat do Facebook). Com estas novas formas de comunicar existiu a necessidade de incluir pistas não verbais que são comuns na comunicação face-a-face (F2F). Assim surgiram os emoticons e os emojis. Realizamos um estudo experimental para investigar como a utilização de emojis pode influenciar a perceção que o consumidor tem da marcação de serviços online (chat do Facebook) e do restaurante. Os participantes (N = 200 ,74% sexo feminino) foram expostos a um cenário fictício que representava uma mensagem negativa ou positiva (i.e., pedido de reserva recusado vs. aceite) e que incluía ou não emoji congruente com essa mensagem. Os resultados indicam que os emojis exercem influência na perceção dos consumidores sobre o serviço e sobre o restaurante, a vários níveis como: na perceção da modernidade, na linguagem utilizada e na hospitalidade. Estas evidências denotam importância para a psicologia do consumidor, porque indicam o quanto os emojis podem influenciar o consumidor a ter perceções diferente sobre os serviços utilizados e as marcas

    Pediatrics

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    BACKGROUND:Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a postnatal drug withdrawal syndrome that can occur after intrauterine opioid exposure. Adverse neurobehavioral outcomes have been documented in infants with NAS; however, educational outcomes have not been thoroughly examined. We analyzed Tennessee data to understand the need for special educational services among infants who are born with NAS.METHODS:By using Tennessee Medicaid and birth certificate data, infants who were born in Tennessee between 2008 and 2011 with a history of NAS were matched (1:3) to infants who were born during the same period without a history of NAS. Groups were matched on the basis of sex, race and/or ethnicity, age, birth region of residence, and Medicaid enrollment status. Data were linked to Tennessee Department of Education special education data during early childhood (3\u20138 years of age). Conditional multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations between NAS and selected special education outcomes.RESULTS:A total of 1815 children with a history of NAS and 5441 children without NAS were assessed. Children with NAS were significantly more likely to be referred for a disability evaluation (351 of 1815 [19.3%] vs 745 of 5441 [13.7%]; P < .0001), to meet criteria for a disability (284 of 1815 [15.6%] vs 634 of 5441 [11.7%]; P < .0001), and to require classroom therapies or services (278 of 1815 [15.3%] vs 620 of 5441 [11.4%]; P < .0001). These findings were sustained in a multivariable analysis, with multiple models controlling for maternal tobacco use, maternal education status, birth weight, gestational age, and/or NICU admission.CONCLUSIONS:Results of this novel analysis linking health and education data revealed that children with a history of NAS were significantly more likely to have a subsequent educational disability.CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHS/United States2020-01-08T00:00:00Z30166364PMC6947655706

    Near–Infrared Classification Spectroscopy: \u3ci\u3eH\u3c/i\u3e–band Spectra of Fundamental MK Standards

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    We present a catalog of H-band spectra for 85 stars of approximately solar abundance observed at a resolving power of 3000 with the KPNO Mayall 4 m Fourier Transform Spectrometer. The atlas covers spectral types O7M5 and luminosity classes IV as defined in the MK system. We identify both atomic and molecular indices and line ratios that are temperature and luminosity sensitive, allowing spectral classification to be carried out in the H-band. The line ratios permit spectral classification in the presence of continuum excess emission, which is commonly found in premain-sequence or evolved stars. We demonstrate that with spectra of R = 1000 obtained at signal-to-noise ratio \u3e50, it is possible to derive spectral types within ±2 subclasses for late-type stars. These data are available electronically through the Astronomical Data Center in addition to being served on the World Wide Web
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