POSTURE AND POSTUROLOGY, ANATOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PROFILES: OVERVIEW AND CURRENT STATE OF ART

Background and aim of work: posture is the position of the body in the space, and is controlled by a set of anatomical structures. The maintenance and the control of posture are a set of interactions between muscle-skeletal, visual, vestibular, and skin system. Lately there are numerous studies that correlate the muscle-skeletal and the maintenance of posture. In particular, the correction of defects and obstruction of temporomandibular disorders, seem to have an impoact on posture. The aim of this work is to collect information in literature on posture and the influence of the stomatognatich system on postural system. Methods: Comparison of the literature on posture and posturology by consulting books and scientific sites. results: the results obtained from the comparison of the of the literature on posture and posturology by consulting books and scientific sites. Some studies support the correlation between stomatognatich system and posture, while others such a correlation. Conclusions: further studies are necessary to be able to confirm one or the other argument. (www.actabiomedica.it

Differential expression of skeletal muscle genes following administration of clenbuterol to exercised horses.

BackgroundClenbuterol, a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist, is used therapeutically to treat respiratory conditions in the horse. However, by virtue of its mechanism of action it has been suggested that clenbuterol may also have repartitioning affects in horses and as such the potential to affect performance. Clenbuterol decreases the percent fat and increases fat-free mass following high dose administration in combination with intense exercise in horses. In the current study, microarray analysis and real-time PCR were used to study the temporal effects of low and high dose chronic clenbuterol administration on differential gene expression of several skeletal muscle myosin heavy chains, genes involved in lipid metabolism and the β2-adrenergic receptor. The effect of clenbuterol administration on differential gene expression has not been previously reported in the horse, therefore the primary objective of the current study was to describe clenbuterol-induced temporal changes in gene expression following chronic oral administration of clenbuterol at both high and low doses.ResultsSteady state clenbuterol concentrations were achieved at approximately 50 h post administration of the first dose for the low dose regimen and at approximately 18-19 days (10 days post administration of 3.2 μg/kg) for the escalating dosing regimen. Following chronic administration of the low dose (0.8 μg/kg BID) of clenbuterol, a total of 114 genes were differentially expressed, however, none of these changes were found to be significant following FDR adjustment of the p-values. A total of 7,093 genes were differentially expressed with 3,623 genes up regulated and 3,470 genes down regulated following chronic high dose administration. Of the genes selected for further study by real-time PCR, down-regulation of genes encoding myosin heavy chains 2 and 7, steroyl CoA desaturase and the β2-adrenergic receptor were noted. For most genes, expression levels returned towards baseline levels following cessation of drug administration.ConclusionThis study showed no evidence of modified gene expression following chronic low dose administration of clenbuterol to horses. However, following chronic administration of high doses of clenbuterol alterations were noted in transcripts encoding various myosin heavy chains, lipid metabolizing enzymes and the β2-adrenergic receptor

Problemas de salud y calidad de vida en estudiantes de odontología

Objective: To associate health and quality of life problems related to health (QLRH) in Dentistry students at a public university in Cartagena, Colombia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study in 202 female students and 125 men was conducted. An instrument to investigate sociodemographic variables, health problems (presence of diseases in the last month) and quality of life related to health (WHOQOL-BREF) was designed and applied. The analysis included frequencies, proportions, Poisson regression with robust variance to associate domains and total score of the WHOQOL-BREF with sociodemographic variables and health problems. Results: 35.4% of students are sick and 61.8% present gastrointestinal diseases; according to WHOQOL-BREF, 55.3% perceive a state of good health and very good quality of life related to health. Being an adolescent student impacts positively on quality of life related to health. However, in the multivariate analysis, the variables that showed a negative impact were: depression, genitourinary and muscle skeletal alterations, chickenpox and skin problems (X2: 80.4, p= 0.001). Conclusions: Depression, genitourinary and muscle skeletal alterations, in addition to varicella and skin problems negatively impact on QLRH in dentistry students. It is required that the schools of dentistry promote healthy life styles that have an impact on the students’ quality of life

GeneFishing to reconstruct context specific portraits of biological processes.

Rapid advances in genomic technologies have led to a wealth of diverse data, from which novel discoveries can be gleaned through the application of robust statistical and computational methods. Here, we describe GeneFishing, a semisupervised computational approach to reconstruct context-specific portraits of biological processes by leveraging gene-gene coexpression information. GeneFishing incorporates multiple high-dimensional statistical ideas, including dimensionality reduction, clustering, subsampling, and results aggregation, to produce robust results. To illustrate the power of our method, we applied it using 21 genes involved in cholesterol metabolism as "bait" to "fish out" (or identify) genes not previously identified as being connected to cholesterol metabolism. Using simulation and real datasets, we found that the results obtained through GeneFishing were more interesting for our study than those provided by related gene prioritization methods. In particular, application of GeneFishing to the GTEx liver RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data not only reidentified many known cholesterol-related genes, but also pointed to glyoxalase I (GLO1) as a gene implicated in cholesterol metabolism. In a follow-up experiment, we found that GLO1 knockdown in human hepatoma cell lines increased levels of cellular cholesterol ester, validating a role for GLO1 in cholesterol metabolism. In addition, we performed pantissue analysis by applying GeneFishing on various tissues and identified many potential tissue-specific cholesterol metabolism-related genes. GeneFishing appears to be a powerful tool for identifying related components of complex biological systems and may be used across a wide range of applications

THE CHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF BETA ENDORPHIN, INTERSLEUKIN-2, INTERLEUKIN-4, INTERLEUKIN-6, IMUNOGLOBULIN AND CORTISOL HORMONE ON THE PRACTICES OF SATRIA NUSANTARA

The purpose of this research is to reveal the changes of immunity at breathing exercises. This is an experimental research study. This research used “randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The populations involved in this study were the students of MA Mu’alimin, Yogyakarta. The samples of this research were 15 students for each group. The unit analysis in this research was the blood taken from vena cubiti. In this research, there were dependent variables which involved the levels of IL 6, IL 4, IL 2, cortisol, Beta Endorphin, and IgG. The training programme was conducted in 7 weeks, 3 times per week, submaximal intensity, and 6 sets per session. This programme was conducted in the afternoon. The inspection of the laboratory variable used the ELISA method. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistic using SPSS for windows. This research also used statistical multivariate analysis abd discriminant analysis. The result showed that the data of samples’ characteristics after normality test was p>0,05, normal, and homogeneous (p>0,05). The result of moderate variables (Table 5.2) included in normal span. The dependent variables after the normality test got p>0,05, normal, and after the levene test got p>0,05, homogeneous. The result of Manova Test was p: 0,000 which implied that there were differences among the groups (Wilk Lambda p<0,05). At the matrix discriminant structure, it can be explained that the correlation between independent variables and the discriminant function formed with beta endorphin (0,501) had the strongest relation to the discriminant function, followed by interleukin 6 (0,367) while the other variables had less significant relation. Discriminator variables representing the function contributed to every discriminator of modulation immunity were beta endorphin, interleukin 6 and interleukin 4. Hence, beta endorphin had the strongest contribution to the increase of body immunity compared with other variables. Conclusion: Based on the result discussed above and the descriptive research reported by Suparto (2001) showed that breathing exercises could increase physical fitness and impenetrability of proven body manifestly. Breathing exercise increased beta endorphin, immunoglobulin G and interleukin 6, while interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 did not increase. Cartisol did not decrease significantly but there was an indication of the decrease of the level of cortisol. Immunity modulator which caused breathing exercise stressor got by 3 groups with strong contribution on the basis concept of psychoneuroimmunologic. Breathing exercise represented the stimuli of the limbic – hypothalamus – pituitary – adrenal (LHPA) tract which created immunomodulator process on the basis of physiobiology paradigm with the concept of psychoneuroimmunologic

Use of neural network for optimization of energy cost in moving limb

Artificial neural networks are used in many smart apparatus and different fields such as signal processing pattern diagnoses, military systems, medicine, financial systems, and artificial intelligence. In this article using quality of neural networks in optimizing energy cost in moving limb and its effectiveness in organization a cognitive function founded by presenting an algorithm for use in human smart robotics and worldwide research will be described and discussed. Neural system contributes to minimal cost energy in decision-making and command exportation to skeletal muscle and suggested optimal energy cost in skeletal muscle that could be presented in software conformation.

Solution-focused intervention for sick listed employees with psychological problems or muscle skeletal pain: a randomised controlled trial [ISRCTN39140363]

BACKGROUND: Long-term sick leave has been of concern to politicians and decision-makers in Norway for several years. In the current study we assess the efficacy of a solution-focused follow-up for sick-listed employees. METHODS: Employees on long-term sick leave due to psychological problems or muscle skeletal pain (n = 703) were invited to participate in the project. Following self-recruitment, 103 were randomly allocated to receive solution-focused follow-up (n = 53) or "treatment as usual" (n = 50). The intervention was integrated within the regular follow up of six social security offices and organised as eight weekly solution focused work sessions. Effectiveness was measured by rate of return to work and health related quality of life (SF-36). RESULTS: Intention to treat analysis showed no significant differences between the two groups for any of the outcome measures. Secondary analysis, comparing those who attended at least 50% of the sessions with the control group revealed a significant difference in favour of the active intervention group in the SF-36 subscale of mental health (Effect Size 0.56, p = 0.05). When comparing the subgroup of participants with psychological problems there was a significant difference in mental health in favour of the intervention group (Effect Size 0.71, p = 0.041). CONCLUSION: A voluntary solution-focused intervention offered by social-security offices is no more effective than regular follow up for employees on long-term sick leave due to psychological problems or muscle skeletal pain