671 research outputs found
Mobile IP: state of the art report
Due to roaming, a mobile device may change its network attachment each time it moves to a new link. This might cause a disruption for the Internet data packets that have to reach the mobile node. Mobile IP is a protocol, developed by the Mobile IP Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) working group, that is able to inform the network about this change in network attachment such that the Internet data packets will be delivered in a seamless way to the new point of attachment. This document presents current developments and research activities in the Mobile IP area
Efficient Micro-Mobility using Intra-domain Multicast-based Mechanisms (M&M)
One of the most important metrics in the design of IP mobility protocols is
the handover performance. The current Mobile IP (MIP) standard has been shown
to exhibit poor handover performance. Most other work attempts to modify MIP to
slightly improve its efficiency, while others propose complex techniques to
replace MIP. Rather than taking these approaches, we instead propose a new
architecture for providing efficient and smooth handover, while being able to
co-exist and inter-operate with other technologies. Specifically, we propose an
intra-domain multicast-based mobility architecture, where a visiting mobile is
assigned a multicast address to use while moving within a domain. Efficient
handover is achieved using standard multicast join/prune mechanisms. Two
approaches are proposed and contrasted. The first introduces the concept
proxy-based mobility, while the other uses algorithmic mapping to obtain the
multicast address of visiting mobiles. We show that the algorithmic mapping
approach has several advantages over the proxy approach, and provide mechanisms
to support it. Network simulation (using NS-2) is used to evaluate our scheme
and compare it to other routing-based micro-mobility schemes - CIP and HAWAII.
The proactive handover results show that both M&M and CIP shows low handoff
delay and packet reordering depth as compared to HAWAII. The reason for M&M's
comparable performance with CIP is that both use bi-cast in proactive handover.
The M&M, however, handles multiple border routers in a domain, where CIP fails.
We also provide a handover algorithm leveraging the proactive path setup
capability of M&M, which is expected to outperform CIP in case of reactive
handover.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figure
Macro/micro-mobility fast handover in hierarchical mobile IPv6
Mobile Internet Protocol version 6 (MIPv6) has been proposed to solve the problem of mobility in the new era of Internet by handling
routing of IPv6 packets to mobile nodes that have moved away from their home network. Users will move frequently between networks, as
they stay connected to the Internet. Thus, as mobility increases across networks, handovers will significantly impact the quality of the
connection and user application.
However, MIPv6 only defines means of managing global (macro)-mobility but does not address micro-mobility separately. Instead, it uses
the same mechanism in both cases. This involves long handover delay and signaling load. The Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) protocol
has been proposed as an extension of basic MIPv6 to solve this problem by splitting the handover management into macro-mobility and
micro-mobility schemes. HMIPv6 introduced a new protocol agent called Mobility Anchor Point (MAP) to manage mobility and serve as a
local entity to aid in mobile handover. The handover (or registration) operation is the operation when MN registers its presence to its Home
Agent (HA) and Correspondent Node (CN).
This paper proposes a mechanism to perform fast handover in HMIPv6 by adopting the multicast technique to the MAP for both macromobility
and micro-mobility management. Our proposal is designed to minimize service disruption that occurs during the registration
operation. We simulate the performance using network simulator (NS-2) and we present and analyze the performance testing for our proposal
by comparing it with the basic hierarchical mobile IPv6. The results show that our scheme allows the MN to receive packets faster than the
basic HMIPv6
Implementation of MHMIP and Comparing the Performance With MIP and DHMIP in Mobile Networks
Managing the mobility efficiently in wireless networks causes critical issue, in order to support mobile users. To support global mobility in IP networks The Mobile Internet Protocol (MIP) has been proposed. The Hierarchical MIP (HMIP) and Dynamic HMIP (DHMIP) strategies are also proposed for providing high signaling delay. Our proposal approach “Multicast HMIP strategy” limits the registration processes in the GFAs. For high-mobility MTs, MHMIP provides lowest mobility signaling delay compared to the HMIP and DHMIP approaches. However, it is resource consuming strategy unless for frequent MT mobility. Hence, we propose an analytic model to evaluate the mean signaling delay and the mean bandwidth per call according to the type of MT mobility. In our analysis, the MHMIP gives the best performance among the DHMIP and MIP strategies in almost all the studied cases. The main contribution of this paper is to implement the MHMIP and provide the analytic model that allows the comparison of MIP, DHMIP and MHMIP mobility management approaches
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Generic Models for Mobility Management in Next Generation Networks
In the network community different mobility management techniques have been proposed over the years. However, many of these techniques share a surprisingly high number of similarities. In this technical report we analyze and evaluate the most relevant mobility management techniques, pointing out differences and similarities. For macro-mobility we consider Mobile IP (MIP), the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and mobility management techniques typical of a GSM network; for micro-mobility we describe and analyze several protocols such as: Hierarchical MIP, TeleMIP, IDMP, Cellular IP and HAWAII
Improved Handover Routing Scheme In Hierarchical Mobile Ipv6 Networks
Mobile Internet Protocol version 6 (MIPv6) has been proposed to solve the problem
of mobility in the new era of Internet. MIPv6 is a proposal for handling routing of
IPv6 packets to mobile nodes that have moved away from their home network. In the
near future, with the simultaneous growth of the mobile user population and the
Internet, users will move more frequently between networks as they stay connected
to the Internet and access its resources. Thus, as mobility increases across networks,
handovers will significantly give impact on the quality of the connection and on user
application .
Previous research has shown that MIPv6 only defines a means of managing global
mobility (macro-mobility) but does not address local mobility (micro-mobility)
separately. Instead, it uses the same mechanism in both cases. This involves long
handover delay and a lot of signaling. The extension of protocol of basic MIPv6 has
been investigated. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) introduced Hierarchical
Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) . HMIPv6 is the proposed enhancement of MIPv6 that is designed to reduce the amount of signaling required and to improve handover speed
for mobile connections. New node in HMIPv6 called the mobility anchor point
(MAP) serves as a local entity to aid in mobile handover. By separating global and
local mobility, HMIPv6 makes it possible to deal with either situation of macro
mobility and micro mobility appropriately. The MAP helps to decrease the delay and
packet loss during handover.
HMIPv6's handover operation has been investigated. We have analyzed the
handover routing scheme on Internet Protocol (IP) layer. The operation of this
handover starts from the mobile node (MN) sends binding update (BU) to its new
network until MN receives packet from the correspondent node (CN) or home agent
(HA) through its new network.
The adoption of multicast scheme and the avoidance of redundancy in sending
binding update scheme have been proposed and have been implemented to HMIPv6.
Proposed multicast scheme may allow MN to receive packets during handover
operation. The avoidance of redundancy in sending B U scheme may reduce the
amount of signaling for the handover thus reduce the handover delay. We have tested
the performance of HMIPv6 with the proposed schemes based on simulation study.
The results show that our proposed schemes reduce the handover delay and the
amount of packet loss in HMIPv6
Selective Advance Reservations Based on Host Movement Detection and Resource-Aware Handoff
This paper proposes a new mechanism, which addresses the excessive advance reservation requirements of QoS guarantee methods for mobile Internet. To save resources for excessive advance reservations, the proposed mechanism employs a movement detection scheme for a mobile host (MH) using link-layer functionalities. With the movement detection scheme, advance reservations can be established at only where a MH is likely to visit soon. Another novel feature of our mechanism is resource-aware handoff direction scheme that allows a MH to choose its next BS according to not only the link-layer signal strength, but also the available amount of resources in the reachable base stations (BSs). It considerably decreases a probability that QoS is disrupted due to the failure in advance reservation request. Also, the proposed mechanism requires fewer functional and structural changes to the current Internet components and protocols since all the enhanced features are integrated only into leaf BSs and MHs. It does not suffer from the problems of the conventional approaches based on Mobile IP and RSVP Tunnel, such as non-optimal routing path and signalling overhead. Our experiment results show that the proposed mechanism successfully eliminates the overhead for useless advance reservations while guaranteeing seamless QoS for MHs. The performance comparison demonstrates that our mechanism slightly outperforms the conventional approaches while requiring fewer modifications and additions to the existing Internet architecture. This performance advantage of the proposed mechanism becomes noticeable when the network is congested and the mobility of a host is high. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
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