Digital Signatures for Admittance Control in the Optimized Link State Routing Protocol version 2

Public community Mobile Ad Hoc NETworks (MANETs), such as the ``Funkfeuer'' or ``Freifunk'' networks, scale up to several hundreds of routers, connecting users with each other, and with the Internet. As MANETs are typically operated over wireless channels (e.g. WiFi), access to these networks is granted to anyone in the radio range of another router in the MANET, and running the same MANET routing protocol. In order to protect the stability of the networks from malicious intruders, it is important to ensure that only trusted peers are admitted to participate in the control message exchange, and to provide means for logically ``disconnecting'' a non-trustworthy peer. This memorandum presents the concept of admittance control for the Optimized Link State Routing Protocol version 2 (OLSRv2), and suggests a security extension based on digital signatures. Due to the flexible message format of OLSRv2, this extension keeps compatibility with the core OLSRv2 specification. Several standard digital signature algorithms (RSA, DSA, ECDSA), as well as HMAC, are compared in terms of message overhead and CPU time for generating and processing signatures

Multipath optimized link state routing for mobile ad hoc networks

International audienceMultipath routing protocols for Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) address the problem of scalability, security (confidentiality and integrity), lifetime of networks, instability of wireless transmissions, and their adaptation to applications. Our protocol, called MP-OLSR (MultiPath OLSR), is a multipath routing protocol based on OLSR. The Multipath Dijkstra Algorithm is proposed to obtain multiple paths. The algorithm gains great flexibility and extensibility by employing different link metrics and cost functions. In addition, route recovery and loop detection are implemented in MP-OLSR in order to improve quality of service regarding OLSR. The backward compatibility with OLSR based on IP source routing is also studied. Simulation based on Qualnet simulator is performed in different scenarios. A testbed is also set up to validate the protocol in real world. The results reveal that MP-OLSR is suitable for mobile, large and dense networks with large traffic, and could satisfy critical multimedia applications with high on time constraints

MANET Network Management and Performance Monitoring for NHDP and OLSRv2

Mobile Ad Hoc NETworks (MANETs) are generally thought of as infrastructureless and largely ``un-managed'' network deployments, capable of accommodating highly dynamic network topologies. Yet, while the network infrastructure may be ``un-managed'', monitoring the network performance and setting configuration parameters once deployed, remains important in order to ensure proper ``tuning'' and maintenance of a MANET. This memorandum describes a management framework for the MANET routing protocol OLSRv2, and its constituent protocol NHDP. It does so by presenting considerations for ``what to monitor and manage'' in an OLSRv2 network, and how. The approach developed is based on the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), and thus this paper details the various Management Information Bases (MIBs) for router status monitoring and control -- as well as a novel approach to history-based performance monitoring. While SNMP may not be optimally designed for MANETs, it is chosen due to it being the predominant protocol for IP network management -- and thus, efforts are made in this paper to ``adapt'' the management tools within the SNMP framework for reasonable behavior also in a MANET environment

A testbed based performance evaluation of smart grid wireless neighborhood area networks routing protocols

Smart Grid networks have a data communication network associated with the electrical energy distribution infrastructure. This network connects all the sub- scribers’ homes with the data control centers of the supplying companies, which in turn have access to the global Internet network. They are in charge of transporting the needed information between the elements that comprise the electricity network and the control centers. A part of these networks is the so-called Neighborhood Area Networks (NANs), which transports the data from the subscriber’s home to some data concentrators. This article presents a comparison of the performance of different routing protocols that can be used in this part of the data network, when a wireless technology is selected. For this comparison, a hardware testbed has been implemented, with a simple initial configuration, which allows the comparison of the OLSR v1, OLSR v2 and HWMP protocols. The numerical results are presented in terms of network throughput, protocol overhead, number of retransmissions, net- work transit and packet transfer times.This work was supported by the Spanish Research Council under project MAGOS (TEC2017-84197-C4-3-R), and Juan Pablo Astudillo León is the recipient of a full scholarship from the Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENESCYT), Ecuador.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Speed-Aware Routing for UAV Ad-Hoc Networks

In this paper we examine mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) composed by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Due to the high-mobility of the nodes, these networks are very dynamic and the existing routing protocols partly fail to provide a reliable communication. We present Predictive-OLSR an extension to the Optimized Link-State Routing (OLSR) protocol: it enables efficient routing in very dynamic conditions. The key idea is to exploit GPS information to aid the routing protocol. Predictive-OLSR weights the expected transmission count (ETX) metric, taking into account the relative speed between the nodes. We provide numerical results obtained by a MAC-layer emulator that integrates a flight simulator to reproduce realistic flight conditions. These numerical results show that Predictive-OLSR significantly outperforms OLSR and BABEL, providing a reliable communication even in very dynamic conditions.Comment: submitted to GlobeCom'13 Workshop - Wi-UA

Research on Quality of Service Based Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Quality of service (QoS) based routing protocols play a significant role in MANETs to maintain proper flow of data with efficient power consumption and without data loss. However, several network resource based technical challenges or issues are encountered in the design and implementation of QoS routing protocols that perform their routing function by considering the shortest route or the lowest cost. Furthermore, a secondary route is not reserved and alternative routes are not searched unless the established route is broken. The current structures of the state-of-the-art protocols for MANETs are not appropriate for today's high bandwidth and mobility requirements. Therefore, research on new routing protocols is needed, considering energy level, coverage, location, speed, movement, and link stability instead of only shortest path and lowest cost. This paper summarizes the main characteristics of QoS-based routing protocols to facilitate researchers to design and select QoS-based routing protocols. In this study, a wide range of protocols with their characteristics were classified according to QoS routing strategy, routing information update mechanism, interaction between network and MAC layer, QoS constraints, QoS guarantee type and number of discovered routes. In addition, the protocols were compared in terms of properties, design features, challenges and QoS metrics

Performance Analysis of SNMP in OLSRv2-routed MANETs

Mobile Ad Hoc NETworks (MANETs) are generally thought of as infrastructure-less and largely "un-managed", capable of accommodating highly dynamic network topologies. Yet, while the network may be un-managed, monitoring performance and setting configuration parameters post-deployment, remains important in order to ensure proper ''tuning'' and maintenance of a MANET. While SNMP is sometimes considered too ''heavy'' for MANETs -- a too chatty a protocol with too large protocol messages -- it remains the predominant management and monitoring protocol in the Internet, and many implementations exist. This \articleformat analyzes SNMP in an OLSRv2-routed MANET, with the purpose of investigating performance metrics, such as delivery ratio, delay, management overhead, collisions and performance monitoring accuracy. In order to address concerns both regarding SNMP being "heavy", as well as regarding the accuracy of performance reports obtained via SNMP polling in MANETs, where path delays can be highly variable, the utility of performance reporting proxies, i.e. the REPORT-MIB, is studied. The obtained results show that a significant benefit can be obtained by so deploying performance reporting proxies in an SNMP managed MANET. The investigations are supported by way of network simulations (NS2).Lorsquon parle de réseaux mobiles ad-hoc (MANETs), on pense généralement à des réseaux sans infrastructure et à des déploiements en réseaux largement non-gérés, pouvant s'adapter à des topologies de réseau très changeantes. Néanmoins, bien que l'infrastructure du réseau est de nature non-gérée, la surveillance des performances du réseau et le choix des paramètres de configuration une fois le réseau déployé demeurent primordiaux pour la maintenance et le réglage fin d'un réseau MANET. Alors que SNMP est parfois considéré trop "lourd" pour des MANETs, il demeure le protocole prédominant de management et monitorage d'Internet, et beaucoup implémentations du protocole existent. Ce rapport analyse SNMP dans des MANETs basés sur OLSRv2, avec l'intention de déterminer des métriques de performance, comme le taux de remise, délai, overhead et collisions dans le simulateur de réseaux NS2

QoE enhancement for H.264/SVC video transmission in MANET using MP-OLSR protocol

International audienceThis paper addresses the problem of enhancing video service quality for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) scenarios. We offer Multipath Optimized Link State (MP-OLSR) routing protocol for H.264/SVC bitstream forwarding in the MANET network. Besides the usage of a suitable routing protocol, the video quality can be further enhanced by using the scalable encoding feature of Scalable Video Coding (SVC) combined with Unequal Error Protection (UEP). SVC is an extension of the H.264/AVC video compression standard used for high-quality video bitstreams encoding, providing spatial, temporal and quality scalability. To evaluate video quality, the Video Quality Metric (VQM) is used. We chose 5 different video contents for our simulations characterized by various temporal and spatial complexities. These video references are taken from the Video Quality Expert Group (VQEG). The results show that multipath routing combined with UEP can effectively improve the quality of video communication over MANET in terms of VQM and successful video decoding

Cross-Layer Service Discovery Mechanism for OLSRv2 Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Service discovery plays an important role in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The lack of central infrastructure, limited resources and high mobility make service discovery a challenging issue for this kind of network. This article proposes a new service discovery mechanism for discovering and advertising services integrated into the Optimized Link State Routing Protocol Version 2 (OLSRv2). In previous studies, we demonstrated the validity of a similar service discovery mechanism integrated into the previous version of OLSR (OLSRv1). In order to advertise services, we have added a new type-length-value structure (TLV) to the OLSRv2 protocol, called service discovery message (SDM), according to the Generalized MANET Packet/Message Format defined in Request For Comments (RFC) 5444. Each node in the ad hoc network only advertises its own services. The advertisement frequency is a user-configurable parameter, so that it can be modified depending on the user requirements. Each node maintains two service tables, one to store information about its own services and another one to store information about the services it discovers in the network. We present simulation results, that compare our service discovery integrated into OLSRv2 with the one defined for OLSRv1 and with the integration of service discovery in Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol, in terms of service discovery ratio, service latency and network overhead.This work is partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Continuity of Service, Security and QoS for Transportation Systems (CONSEQUENCE) (TEC2010-20572-C02-01/02) and INcident monitoRing In Smart COmmunities (INRISCO) (TEC2014-54335-C4-2-R) projects. We thank the editor and anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which helped us to improve our manuscript

Comparison of NHDP and MHVB for Neighbor Discovery in Multi-hop Ad Hoc Networks

This document compares two protocols, MHVB and NHDP. While both protocols are intended for wireless multi-hop ad hoc networks, they differ fundamentally, both in operation and in purpose: MHVB is a location-based, general-purpose transport protocol for network wide information dissemination, whereas NHDP is a protocol enabling a router to acquire information describing its local network topology up to two hops away. Different as they may seem, these two protocols can, in certain situations, serve the same purpose. For example, MHVB can be employed by an ad hoc routing protocol in place of NHDP, for dissemination of topological information when location information is available. Similarly, NHDP may be used to carry certain location-based information, in place of MHVB. This document examines the viability of NHDP and MHVB for neighborhood discovery, and analyses their performance as such. Aside from the usual set of performance parameters, special interest is accorded to the "freshness" of neighborhood information, obtained through each of the protocols