Enumeration and Motion Planning for Modular Mobile Robots

This report focuses on two different aspects of modular robots, the enumeration of distinct configurations of a modular robot and the generation of gaits for hybrid robots with wheels and legs. Given a particular set of modules from which the robot can be formed, a modular robot made up of these modules can attain a number of different configurations based on the relative attachment of the modules. The distinct configurations possible are enumerated for a locomotion system consisting of a base with multiple ports where wheel or leg modules can be attached. Given a particular configuration of the modular robot, we would like to generate a set of inputs that would drive the robot from an initial position to a desired position. The method used for this must be applicable to different kinds of modules that may be used for locomotion. The method presented here involves generating a set of constant inputs that will drive a drift-free system from an initial to a final desired position. Simulation results are generated for translation and rotation of the robot and motion along a Lie Bracket direction (sideways motion) for the hybrid mobile robot

High-Level Control Of Modular Robots

Reconfigurable modular robots can exhibit different specializations by rearranging the same set of parts comprising them. Actuating modular robots can be complicated because of the many degrees of freedom that scale exponentially with the size of the robot. Effectively controlling these robots directly relates to how well they can be used to complete meaningful tasks. This paper discusses an approach for creating provably correct controllers for modular robots from high-level tasks defined with structured English sentences. While this has been demonstrated with simple mobile robots, the problem was enriched by considering the uniqueness of reconfigurable modular robots. These requirements are expressed through traits in the high-level task specification that store information about the geometry and motion types of a robot. Given a high-level problem definition for a modular robot, the approach in this paper deals with generating all lower levels of control needed to solve it. Information about different robot characteristics is stored in a library, and two tools for populating this library have been developed. The first approach is a physics-based simulator and gait creator for manual generation of motion gaits. The second is a genetic algorithm framework that uses traits to evaluate performance under various metrics. Demonstration is done through simulation and with the CKBot hardware platform

A discrete/rhythmic pattern generating RNN

Biological research supports the concept that advanced motion emerges from modular building blocks, which generate both rhythmical and discrete patterns. Inspired by these ideas, roboticists try to implement such building blocks using different techniques. In this paper, we show how to build such module by using a recurrent neural network (RNN) to encapsulate both discrete and rhythmical motion patterns into a single network. We evaluate the proposed system on a planar robotic manipulator. For training, we record several handwriting motions by back driving the robot manipulator. Finally, we demonstrate the ability to learn multiple motions (even discrete and rhythmic) and evaluate the pattern generation robustness in the presence of perturbations

Modular Self-Reconfigurable Robot Systems

The field of modular self-reconfigurable robotic systems addresses the design, fabrication, motion planning, and control of autonomous kinematic machines with variable morphology. Modular self-reconfigurable systems have the promise of making significant technological advances to the field of robotics in general. Their promise of high versatility, high value, and high robustness may lead to a radical change in automation. Currently, a number of researchers have been addressing many of the challenges. While some progress has been made, it is clear that many challenges still exist. By illustrating several of the outstanding issues as grand challenges that have been collaboratively written by a large number of researchers in this field, this article has shown several of the key directions for the future of this growing fiel

Miniaturized modular manipulator design for high precision assembly and manipulation tasks

In this paper, design and control issues for the development of miniaturized manipulators which are aimed to be used in high precision assembly and manipulation tasks are presented. The developed manipulators are size adapted devices, miniaturized versions of conventional robots based on well-known kinematic structures. 3 degrees of freedom (DOF) delta robot and a 2 DOF pantograph mechanism enhanced with a rotational axis at the tip and a Z axis actuating the whole mechanism are given as examples of study. These parallel mechanisms are designed and developed to be used in modular assembly systems for the realization of high precision assembly and manipulation tasks. In that sense, modularity is addressed as an important design consideration. The design procedures are given in details in order to provide solutions for miniaturization and experimental results are given to show the achieved performances

The KALI multi-arm robot programming and control environment

The KALI distributed robot programming and control environment is described within the context of its use in the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) telerobot project. The purpose of KALI is to provide a flexible robot programming and control environment for coordinated multi-arm robots. Flexibility, both in hardware configuration and software, is desired so that it can be easily modified to test various concepts in robot programming and control, e.g., multi-arm control, force control, sensor integration, teleoperation, and shared control. In the programming environment, user programs written in the C programming language describe trajectories for multiple coordinated manipulators with the aid of KALI function libraries. A system of multiple coordinated manipulators is considered within the programming environment as one motion system. The user plans the trajectory of one controlled Cartesian frame associated with a motion system and describes the positions of the manipulators with respect to that frame. Smooth Cartesian trajectories are achieved through a blending of successive path segments. The manipulator and load dynamics are considered during trajectory generation so that given interface force limits are not exceeded