More on a problem of Zarankiewicz

We show tight necessary and sufficient conditions on the sizes of small bipartite graphs whose union is a larger bipartite graph that has no large bipartite independent set. Our main result is a common generalization of two classical results in graph theory: the theorem of Kovari, Sos and Turan on the minimum number of edges in a bipartite graph that has no large independent set, and the theorem of Hansel (also Katona and Szemeredi and Krichevskii) on the sum of the sizes of bipartite graphs that can be used to construct a graph (non-necessarily bipartite) that has no large independent set. Our results unify the underlying combinatorial principles developed in the proof of tight lower bounds for depth-two superconcentrators

Dense H-free graphs are almost (Χ(H)-1)-partite

By using the Szemeredi Regularity Lemma, Alon and Sudakov recently extended the classical Andrasfai-Erdos-Sos theorem to cover general graphs. We prove, without using the Regularity Lemma, that the following stronger statement is true. Given any (r+1)-partite graph H whose smallest part has t vertices, there exists a constant C such that for any given ε>0 and sufficiently large n the following is true. Whenever G is an n-vertex graph with minimum degree δ(G)≥(1 − 3/3r−1 + ε)n, either G contains H, or we can delete f(n,H)≤Cn2−1/t edges from G to obtain an r-partite graph. Further, we are able to determine the correct order of magnitude of f(n,H) in terms of the Zarankiewicz extremal function

Density version of the Ramsey problem and the directed Ramsey problem

We discuss a variant of the Ramsey and the directed Ramsey problem. First, consider a complete graph on $n$ vertices and a two-coloring of the edges such that every edge is colored with at least one color and the number of bicolored edges $|E_{RB}|$ is given. The aim is to find the maximal size $f$ of a monochromatic clique which is guaranteed by such a coloring. Analogously, in the second problem we consider semicomplete digraph on $n$ vertices such that the number of bi-oriented edges $|E_{bi}|$ is given. The aim is to bound the size $F$ of the maximal transitive subtournament that is guaranteed by such a digraph. Applying probabilistic and analytic tools and constructive methods we show that if $|E_{RB}|=|E_{bi}| = p{n\choose 2}$, ($p\in [0,1)$), then $f, F < C_p\log(n)$ where $C_p$ only depend on $p$, while if $m={n \choose 2} - |E_{RB}| <n^{3/2}$ then $f= \Theta (\frac{n^2}{m+n})$. The latter case is strongly connected to Tur\'an-type extremal graph theory.Comment: 17 pages. Further lower bound added in case $|E_{RB}|=|E_{bi}| = p{n\choose 2}

Hard Instances of the Constrained Discrete Logarithm Problem

The discrete logarithm problem (DLP) generalizes to the constrained DLP, where the secret exponent $x$ belongs to a set known to the attacker. The complexity of generic algorithms for solving the constrained DLP depends on the choice of the set. Motivated by cryptographic applications, we study sets with succinct representation for which the constrained DLP is hard. We draw on earlier results due to Erd\"os et al. and Schnorr, develop geometric tools such as generalized Menelaus' theorem for proving lower bounds on the complexity of the constrained DLP, and construct sets with succinct representation with provable non-trivial lower bounds