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The management of Antarctic tourism: environmental issues, the adequacy of current regulations and policy options within the Antarctic Treaty system
SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:D196188 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
2008 GREAT Day Program
SUNY Geneseoâs Second Annual GREAT Day.https://knightscholar.geneseo.edu/program-2007/1002/thumbnail.jp
Technology and Management for Sustainable Buildings and Infrastructures
A total of 30 articles have been published in this special issue, and it consists of 27 research papers, 2 technical notes, and 1 review paper. A total of 104 authors from 9 countries including Korea, Spain, Taiwan, USA, Finland, China, Slovenia, the Netherlands, and Germany participated in writing and submitting very excellent papers that were finally published after the review process had been conducted according to very strict standards. Among the published papers, 13 papers directly addressed words such as sustainable, life cycle assessment (LCA) and CO2, and 17 papers indirectly dealt with energy and CO2 reduction effects. Among the published papers, there are 6 papers dealing with construction technology, but a majority, 24 papers deal with management techniques. The authors of the published papers used various analysis techniques to obtain the suggested solutions for each topic. Listed by key techniques, various techniques such as Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the Taguchi method, machine learning including Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), regression analysis, StrengthâWeaknessâOpportunityâThreat (SWOT), system dynamics, simulation and modeling, Building Information Model (BIM) with schedule, and graph and data analysis after experiments and observations are identified
Hands-on science. Rethinking STEAM education in times of uncertainty
After over two years of major constraints imposed by the COVID pandemic, the education world is still trying to find ways to adapt in order to keep providing, in an effective way, its crucial contribution to the worldâ development our societies need and expect
Deltakernes opplevelser med viltkikkingsturisme
This dissertation contributes to the wildlife watching tourism literature by investigating which elements are important to participantsâ overall experiences and how these elements can contribute to the desired outcomes and/or reduce the negative impacts of wildlife watching tourism activities. Moreover, wild animals are unpredictable as main attractions, and attempts to make encounters more predictable often have negative impacts on the animals involved. Certain exploitative practices such as food provisioning and habituation are also illegal in many areas. Therefore, the thesis emphasizes how other elements than the actual target species encounters can enhance overall wildlife watching experiences, and results provide suggestions on how providers can facilitate high quality experiences while reducing negative impacts on wildlife. To achieve these goals, the thesis investigates participantsâ main motivations, whether
participant characteristics influence overall wildlife watching tourism experiences, destination loyalty and pro-environmental behavioral intentions, as well as which elements are important to participants during wildlife watching tourism activities. These issues were mainly investigated at Norwegian wildlife watching tourism destinations, and the thesis is a novel contribution to the literature on Norwegian wildlife watching tourism. The mixed methods research approach was adopted, and data collection was based on the convergent research design, in which different but complementary data on the same topic are obtained to investigate a research topic. Empirical results are based on participants surveys, participant observations,
travel party interviews and digital content analysis.
This is a compilation thesis, which consists of a synopsis and four research articles. The synopsis provides a snapshot of the main findings of the four papers, frames them theoretically and discuss the overall findings as well as their practical implications and main theoretical contributions. Article 1 investigates participantsâ main motivations to participate in wildlife watching tourism and links between motivational factors, overall satisfaction and destination loyalty. Article 2 and Article 3 investigate which elements are important to participants during wildlife watching tourism experiences when the target species is encountered and when the target species is not encountered. Finally, Article 4 contributes to the discussion on wildlife watching tourismâs potential to foster pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors among participants, by investigating the relationships between two of the concepts used to study this issue: The theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1985) and involvement (Burke & Stets, 1999; Havitz & Dimanche, 1999), measured by centrality to life.
Findings underline that there are several elements of importance to a wildlife watching tourism experience besides the actual target species encounter and that it is, in some cases, possible for participants to have positive experiences even in the absence of their target species. Elements that were important to participant experiences included the natural surroundings, encounters with other wildlife in the area, secondary more guaranteed side experiences and guiding, which was especially important both when the target species was encountered and when it was not encountered. Thus, findings indicate that providing high quality guiding should be a priority for wildlife watching tourism providers. The other supporting elements became more important to participants in cases when the target species was not encountered, indicating that they are especially important to consider when the target species is considered difficult to encounter. Another key priority is expectations management, as findings indicate that participants who are warned that encounters are not guaranteed are more likely to remain positive towards the wildlife watching activity provider in the absence of their target species. Additionally, findings indicate that participant characteristics influence overall experiences and at least two of the desired outcomes of wildlife watching tourism: destination loyalty and intentions to perform pro-environmental actions after joining a wildlife watching tourism activity. Therefore, wildlife watching tourism providers and managers of areas that are rich in wildlife should carefully consider which participants they would like to reach when they implement marketing and communication strategies.Denne doktoravhandlingen bidrar til litteraturen om viltkikkingsturisme gjennom Ä undersÞke hvilke elementer som er viktige for deltakernes totalopplevelser, og hvordan disse elementene kan bidra til Þnskede utfall og/eller redusere negative effekter av viltkikkingsaktiviteter. Ville dyr er uforutsigbare som hovedattraksjoner, og forsÞk pÄ Ä gjÞre mÞter med ville dyr mer forutsigbare har ofte negativ innvirkning pÄ dyrene som er involvert. Enkelte praksiser slik som bruk av Äte eller habituering er ogsÄ ulovlige i mange omrÄder. Derfor fokuserer avhandlingen pÄ hvordan andre elementer enn mÞtet med dyret man Þnsker Ä se kan bidra til Ä forbedre totalopplevelsene til viltkikkingsturister, og resultatene inkluderer forslag til hvordan tilbydere kan legge til rette for gode opplevelser samtidig som de reduserer negative effekter pÄ dyr. For Ä oppnÄ disse mÄlene undersÞker avhandlingen deltakernes hovedmotivasjon for Ä delta, hvorvidt deltakernes egne egenskaper pÄvirker opplevelsene deres, lojalitet til destinasjonen og intensjoner om Ä utfÞre miljÞvennlige handlinger, samt hvilke elementer som er viktige for deltakere nÄr de tar del i viltkikkingsaktiviteter. Disse temaene ble hovedsakelig undersÞkt pÄ norske destinasjoner for viltkikkingsturisme, og avhandlingen er et av de fÞrste studiene pÄ norsk viltkikkingsturisme. Avhandlingen benyttet en kombinasjon av flere metoder, ogsÄ kalt «mixed methods», og tok utgangspunkt i et konvergent forskningsdesign, hvor forskjellige men komplementÊre data om det samme temaet samles inn for Ä forstÄ et forskningsspÞrsmÄl eller tema. Funnene i avhandlingen er basert pÄ spÞrreundersÞkelser, deltakende observasjon, dybdeintervjuer og digital innholdsanalyse.
Avhandlingen bestÄr av en kappe og fire frittstÄende artikler. Kappen inneholder en introduksjon til artiklene, teoretisk bakgrunn, sammendrag av de overordnede hovedfunnene, samt en diskusjon av de praktiske betydningene og teoretiske bidragene til avhandlingen. Artikkel 1 undersÞker deltakernes hovedmotivasjon for Ä delta i viltkikkingsturisme og koblinger mellom motivasjonsfaktorer, fornÞydhet og lojalitet til destinasjonen. Artikkel 2 og Artikkel 3 undersÞker hvilke elementer som er viktige for deltakere nÄr de deltar i viltkikkingsturisme, bÄde nÄr dyret de Þnsker Ä se blir funnet og nÄr det ikke blir funnet. Artikkel 4 bidrar til diskusjonen om viltkikkingsturismes potensial for Ä styrke intensjoner om Ä utfÞre miljÞvennlige handlinger gjennom Ä undersÞke koblinger mellom to konsepter som har blitt benyttet til Ä studere dette temaet: «The theory of planned behavior» (Ajzen, 1985) og «involvement» (Burke & Stets, 1999; Havitz & Dimanche, 1999), mÄlt som «centrality to life».
Funnene i avhandlingen understreker at det er flere elementer ved viltkikkingsopplevelser som er viktige ved siden av det Ä oppleve dyret man Þnsker Ä se, og at det i noen tilfeller til og med er mulig for deltakerne Ä ha gode opplevelser selv om de ikke fÄr se dette dyret. Andre viktige elementer ved opplevelsen inkluderer naturomgivelsene, mÞter med andre dyr i omrÄdet, sekundÊre men mer garanterte sideopplevelser og guiding, som var spesielt viktig bÄde nÄr man fikk se dyret man ville se og nÄr man ikke fikk se det. Dermed bÞr det Ä tilby guiding av hÞy kvalitet vÊre et fokusomrÄde for tilbydere av viltkikkingsturisme. De andre stÞtte-elementene ved opplevelsen ble viktigere for deltakere i tilfeller hvor de ikke fikk se dyret de hadde lyst til Ä se. Dette betyr at slike elementer er spesielt viktige Ä utvikle for opplevelser som er basert pÄ arter som ansees som vanskelige Ä finne. Et annet viktig fokusomrÄde er det Ä styre forventningene til deltakerne, da funnene viser at deltakere som fikk beskjed pÄ forhÄnd om at det ikke var garantert at de fikk se dyret de ville se i mange tilfeller fortsatt var positive til tilbyderen sin da de ikke fikk det. Videre viser funnene i avhandlingen at deltakernes egne egenskaper ogsÄ pÄvirker minst to Þnskede utfall av viltkikkingsturisme: lojalitet til destinasjonen og intensjoner om Ä utfÞre miljÞvennlige handlinger. Derfor bÞr tilbydere av viltkikkingsturisme og forvaltere av omrÄder som har rikt dyreliv vurdere nÞye hvilke deltakere de Þnsker Ä nÄ nÄr de iverksetter markedsfÞring og kommunikasjonsstrategier
Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, showing the operations, expenditures, and condition of the Institution for the year ending June 30, 1887
Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution. [2581-2582] Research related to the American Indian
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