55 research outputs found

    2008 GREAT Day Program

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    SUNY Geneseo’s Second Annual GREAT Day.https://knightscholar.geneseo.edu/program-2007/1002/thumbnail.jp

    HOMUNCULUS Bearing Incorporeal Arcticulations

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    This dissertation studies ‘the Arctic in Change’. In contrast to a traditional research setting, its aim is to engage with questions that respond to both ‘the Arctic’ and ‘in Change’ as preformed answer and outcome. Since ‘the Arctic’ is not constituted by a single definition, mode, science, art, discipline, method, state, continent, image, symbol, instance, agent or unit, it is considered and treated with the means and matters of bricolage in the spirit of post-qualitative inquiry. Accordingly, this approach requires involvement from a multiplicity of theoretical, methodological and research material: the intra-actions of performativity theory, the genealogy of discursive material practices, studies on perception, visual culture, aesthetics and ethics, art & design, ecology and ethology, as well as the politics residing in them. Furthermore, the recognition of the partiality, influence and agency of the elements constituting this study beyond the rationalised and controlled research design requires a more fluid manner of writing, deriving from the ideals of writerly and open text, infused with inter- and intratextuality and co-conducted in phenomenological writing to produce a novel conduct in avoiding firm structuring and hierarchy while pursuing open-ended objectives. The analysis begins by compromising the cohesion of Arctic representations as objects with unaltered identities, exhibiting a diorama of a polar bear. The seemingly neutral and passive object occupies several inherited subject positions that emerge from it as material outcomes. The representation holds the capacity to record the audience’s corporeality through sensory and motoric traces and to perform through their bodies as fixed prepositions. The encounter endangers and re-establishes the participatory subject and object positions as co- and counter to each other. How representations are conducted is foremost a question of the manipulation of distance, which proceeds from aesthetics to epistemological and ontological conditions. Different characteristics emerge, disappear, become manageable or are in reach depending on their distance, which is defined as the relationship between the point of perception and the perceived. Attempts to overcome this distance with various scientific technologies and artistic techniques are inevitably influenced by what comes in-between. To penetrate the distance with direct bodily engagements for the purpose of Arctic investigation, is an act limited to the ontology of the knowing body. In order to perform under the natural and cultural environmental conditions related to the Arctic, the body is contained and reproduced as non-Arctic with specific material arrangements within the research vessel, from labour to recovery, to maintain it as a societal human subject. These discursive–material arrangements constitute the human body through an incorporeal–animal binary, constructed within the equipment of ergonomics and exercise inherited from agriculture and industrialisation. When the same adjustment, human–animal, is conducted in micro-space, it is transferred into the colonial project of discipline and cultivation as a rectilinear school: it emerges as an invasive species in the regional circular ‘ecology’ and as cultural violence towards the landscape that is formed by seasonal and regional movement that happens in circles, conducting the livelihood and the identity of the People. The reading and rewriting of the landscape, as well as the history and memory of the bodies within it, do not place these human–animal binaries beneath one another, but rather within an act of performative restructuring. While certain iconic animals, are considered representatives of the Arctic region, in the animal activist’s attempt to speak for the other, to witness animal subjectivity with documentary techniques and technologies, they do not succeed in ethically mediating or negotiating the subjectivity of the animal-other as such. Such technique produces a hybrid subjectivity of the human, animal and recording technology combined that also fails to free itself from the weight of the genealogy of the human–animal relations of trapping, hunting, slaughter and putting on display. While problematising the capability to engage with the animal subject as an animal, the study further indicates the ‘small other’ taking place in subject–object encounters, restating ‘in-between’ as ‘in-the-midst’. The human–animal relation contained in an artefact, and its capacity to contain and surface such genealogies, is finally studied in the context of contemporary political debate on the use, meaning and matter of the inuksuit, communities building and enacting stone figures erected traditionally by the Inuit for various purposes. While the inuksuit have been adopted by the national state with its colonial practices towards the indigenous peoples, the inukshuk re-emerges as a re-establishment of identity and power over life and region, natural, social and political bodies. The questions throughout the thesis suggest that ‘the Arctic’ is not accessible or returnable as the ‘truth’; it is not capable to exist in the Lacanian Real, resisting all definitions and relations. It is composed in linguistic, imaginary and symbolic manner and matter as a figuration ‘arcticulated’ into an entity existing only ‘in Change’. This entity is to be expressed with a figure that bends and reads in multiple modes. The Arctic is therefore a bearing in which one can dwell as a human being, where this being owes and invests itself in an intra-face, named a ‘homunculus’, a transferring and conducting of human characteristics. The outcomes ought to enable radical and critical thinking towards the ‘taken for granted’ truths of the Arctic as an object of inquiry through established metatheoretical conceptualisations. The ‘homunculus’ is offered as a guide for understanding the forms and matters of politics on the issue in a new way in order to have an impact on political science and beyond.Väitöskirjan tutkimuskohteena on ”Arktinen muutoksessa”. Perinteisesti tutkimuskysymyksestä johdettavan tutkimusasetelman sijaan tutkimuskohteen osat ”Arktinen” ja ”muutoksessa” tulkitaan ennakko-olettamina, tutkimusvastauksina, jolloin tutkimustavoitteeksi syntyy näihin lopputulemiin johtavien tutkimuskysymysten löytäminen. Koska Arktinen ei koostu yhdestä määritelmästä, modaliteetista, tieteen- tai taiteenalasta, oppiaineesta, metodista, valtiosta, mantereesta, kuvasta, symbolista, tilanteesta, toimijasta tai yksiköstä, käsitellään sitä brikolaasina jälkilaadullisen tutkimuksen hengessä. Lähestymistapa edellyttää useiden erilaisten teoreettisten, metodologisten ja tutkimusaineistollisten lähtökohtien hyödyntämistä performatiivisuusteoriasta genealogiaan, havainnon, visuaalisen kulttuurin, estetiikan, etiikan ja taiteen tutkimukseen, ekologiasta eläinten käyttäytymistieteeseen, sekä niiden poliittisen luonteen tunnistamiseen. Tavoitteen saavuttaminen edellyttää tiukasti kontrolloitua tutkimusasetelmaa ja raportointia joustavampaa kirjoittamistapaa, liikkuen fenomenologisesta kirjoittamisesta ja avoimesta tekstistä, intertekstuaalisuuteen ja intratekstiin, välttäen tutkimusta rajoittavia rakenteita ja hierarkioita, uudenlaisten sisältöjen ja avointen lopputulosten tuottamiseksi. Tutkimusanalyyttinen matka alkaa Arktisen representaatioiden koheesion ja identiteetin muuttumattomuuden kyseenalaistamisella. Tiedekeskuksen jääkarhudiorama ymmärretään performatiivisena artefaktina, joka ilmeisen neutraalina ja passiivisena esillepanona sisällyttää joukon polveutuvia subjektipositioita ja materiaalisia voimasuhteita. Jääkarhun representaatiolla on kapasiteetti tallentaa yleisön ruumiillisuus sensorisina ja motorisina jälkinä, ja liikuttaa yleisöään prepositioihin, asemoiden subjektin ja objektin tietynlaiseen keskinäissuhteeseen. Representaatioiden tuottamisessa on keskeisesti kysymys etäisyyden manipuloinnista, edeten estetiikasta, epistemologisiin ja ontologisiin kysymyksiin. Eri piirteet ilmaantuvat, katoavat, tulevat hallittaviksi tai tavoitettaviksi riippuen etäisyydestä eli suhteesta havaitsijan ja havainnoitavan välillä. Yritykset ylittää etäisyys tieteen käyttämien teknologioiden sekä taiteellisten tekniikoiden avulla tuottavat välittävän ja väliin tulevan tason, josta tulee erottamaton osa havainnoitavaa kohdetta. Yritys ylittää etäisyys Arktiseen suoran kehollisen kontaktin keinoin rajoittuu väistämättä tietävän kehon ontologiaan. Kuten tutkimusaluksella, Arktisen luonto- ja kulttuuriympäristössä suoriutuva keho on säilötty ja uudelleentuotettu ei-arktisena erityisillä materiaalisilla järjestelyillä ja tekniikoilla, säilyttääkseen inhimillisen kehon länsimaiseen yhteiskuntaan sovitettavana. Ihmiskehoa tukeva eläinten hyötykäytöstä liikkumisessa sekä maatalouden ja teollisuuden voimansiirrossa. Näin ollen ihmiskehoa muokkaavat diskursiivismateriaaliset käytännöt rakentuvat ihmisen ja eläimen yhdistävästä teknologisesta suhteesta, jossa eläimen ruumiillisuus on muutoin poissaolevana. Kun ihmisen ja eläimen agraarisesta suhteesta syntyvä mikro-tilallinen rakennekaava siirretään osaksi koloniaalista koulutusta ja kurinpitoa, ilmenee kultivointi suorakaiteenmuotoisena kouluympäristönä. Lineaarisuus ja suorakulmaiset muodot toimivat vieraslajin tavoin vaarantaen alueellisen kehällisen ekologian, toimien kulttuurisena väkivaltana kehällisen ja kausittaisen liikkeen muodostamaa maisemaa kohtaan, joka liittyy erottamattomana osana luontaiselinkeinoihin ja alueelliseen ryhmäidentiteettiin. Maiseman lukeminen ja uudelleenkirjoittaminen, ja sen sisältämien kehojen historia ja muisti, eivät aseta eläin-ihmis binaarin osapuolia toisilleen alisteisiksi, vaan keskinäiseen performatiiviseen suhteeseen. Tiettyjen ikonisten eläinten, kuten poron, tunnistetaan edustavan Arktista aluetta. Eläinaktivistiset yritykset todistaa eläimen subjektiivista kokemusta eri dokumentointitekniikoiden ja teknologioiden välittämänä epäonnistuvat todentamaan eläimen kokemuksen eettisesti. Kyseiset tekniikat tuottavat eläimen sijaan hybridisen subjektiviteetin koostuen ihmisen, eläimen ja tallentavan teknologian yhdistelmästä, joka ei onnistu vapautumaan tappamisen genealogiastaan, kuten ansapyynnistä, metsästyksestä, teurastuksesta ja voitonmerkeistä. Eläimen subjektiviteetin autenttisen esittämisen problematiikka paljastaa ”pienen toisen” läsnäolon subjektin ja objektin välisessä suhteessa, jolloin suhteen tarkastelu “toista” kohtaan muuttuu välisestä keskiseksi. Ihmisen ja eläimen suhteen genealogian tallentuminen artefaktiin, joka toimii niin säilönä kuin esiintulopintana, tutkitaan lopuksi osana poliittista debattia koskien Kanadan Inuiitti- yhteisöjen eri tarkoituksiin perinteisesti kivistä pystyttämien inuksuk-hahmojen käyttöä ja merkitystä. Inukshuk edelleen toimii maisemallisesti alkuperäiskansaan kuuluvia ihmisiä toisiinsa, elinkeinoonsa, sekä ympäristönsä eläimistöön konkreettisesti sitovana sosiaalisen ja poliittisena ruumiina, samalla kun kansallisvaltio on kolonisoinut sen käyttöä. Kysymykset läpi tutkielman johtavat ymmärrykseen että ”Arktinen” ei avaudu tai palaudu ”totuudeksi” Lacanilaisessa ymmärryksessä, jossa ”Todellinen” vastustaa kaikkia määritelmiä ja suhteellistuksia. Arktinen koostuu lingvistisestä, kuvitteellisesta, kuvallisesta ja symbolisesta hahmotelmasta, joka on ”arktikuloitu” olevaksi vain ”muutoksesssa”. Tämän kokonaisuuden voi ilmaista hahmolla, joka taipuu ja on luettavissa eri modaliteeteissa. Arktinen on siten asema ja suuntima, jossa voidaan säilyä ihmisinä, investoiden siihen oman inhimillisen jälkensä ’homunculuksen’. Tutkimustuloksen on tarkoitus mahdollistaa radikaali ja kriittinen tapa ajatella Arktista totuudellisuutta, joka on ”otettu annettuna”, kehitettyjen metateoreettisten konseptien avulla. Homunculus toimii oppaana ymmärrykseen arktisen poliittisuudesta, uudistaen käsityksiämme yli politiikkatieteen rajojen

    Hands-on science. Rethinking STEAM education in times of uncertainty

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    After over two years of major constraints imposed by the COVID pandemic, the education world is still trying to find ways to adapt in order to keep providing, in an effective way, its crucial contribution to the world’ development our societies need and expect

    Buddhist Encounters and Identities Across East Asia

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    Buddhist Encounters and Identities across East Asia offers a fascinating picture of the intricacies of regional and cross-regional networks and the complexity of Buddhist identities emerging across Asia.; Readership: All those interested in the history of Buddhism in East Asia and in East Asian Buddhist cultural practices, and anyone with an interest in the diffusion and transformation of Buddhism

    Technology and Management for Sustainable Buildings and Infrastructures

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    A total of 30 articles have been published in this special issue, and it consists of 27 research papers, 2 technical notes, and 1 review paper. A total of 104 authors from 9 countries including Korea, Spain, Taiwan, USA, Finland, China, Slovenia, the Netherlands, and Germany participated in writing and submitting very excellent papers that were finally published after the review process had been conducted according to very strict standards. Among the published papers, 13 papers directly addressed words such as sustainable, life cycle assessment (LCA) and CO2, and 17 papers indirectly dealt with energy and CO2 reduction effects. Among the published papers, there are 6 papers dealing with construction technology, but a majority, 24 papers deal with management techniques. The authors of the published papers used various analysis techniques to obtain the suggested solutions for each topic. Listed by key techniques, various techniques such as Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the Taguchi method, machine learning including Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), regression analysis, Strength–Weakness–Opportunity–Threat (SWOT), system dynamics, simulation and modeling, Building Information Model (BIM) with schedule, and graph and data analysis after experiments and observations are identified

    Deltakernes opplevelser med viltkikkingsturisme

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    This dissertation contributes to the wildlife watching tourism literature by investigating which elements are important to participants’ overall experiences and how these elements can contribute to the desired outcomes and/or reduce the negative impacts of wildlife watching tourism activities. Moreover, wild animals are unpredictable as main attractions, and attempts to make encounters more predictable often have negative impacts on the animals involved. Certain exploitative practices such as food provisioning and habituation are also illegal in many areas. Therefore, the thesis emphasizes how other elements than the actual target species encounters can enhance overall wildlife watching experiences, and results provide suggestions on how providers can facilitate high quality experiences while reducing negative impacts on wildlife. To achieve these goals, the thesis investigates participants’ main motivations, whether participant characteristics influence overall wildlife watching tourism experiences, destination loyalty and pro-environmental behavioral intentions, as well as which elements are important to participants during wildlife watching tourism activities. These issues were mainly investigated at Norwegian wildlife watching tourism destinations, and the thesis is a novel contribution to the literature on Norwegian wildlife watching tourism. The mixed methods research approach was adopted, and data collection was based on the convergent research design, in which different but complementary data on the same topic are obtained to investigate a research topic. Empirical results are based on participants surveys, participant observations, travel party interviews and digital content analysis. This is a compilation thesis, which consists of a synopsis and four research articles. The synopsis provides a snapshot of the main findings of the four papers, frames them theoretically and discuss the overall findings as well as their practical implications and main theoretical contributions. Article 1 investigates participants’ main motivations to participate in wildlife watching tourism and links between motivational factors, overall satisfaction and destination loyalty. Article 2 and Article 3 investigate which elements are important to participants during wildlife watching tourism experiences when the target species is encountered and when the target species is not encountered. Finally, Article 4 contributes to the discussion on wildlife watching tourism’s potential to foster pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors among participants, by investigating the relationships between two of the concepts used to study this issue: The theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1985) and involvement (Burke & Stets, 1999; Havitz & Dimanche, 1999), measured by centrality to life. Findings underline that there are several elements of importance to a wildlife watching tourism experience besides the actual target species encounter and that it is, in some cases, possible for participants to have positive experiences even in the absence of their target species. Elements that were important to participant experiences included the natural surroundings, encounters with other wildlife in the area, secondary more guaranteed side experiences and guiding, which was especially important both when the target species was encountered and when it was not encountered. Thus, findings indicate that providing high quality guiding should be a priority for wildlife watching tourism providers. The other supporting elements became more important to participants in cases when the target species was not encountered, indicating that they are especially important to consider when the target species is considered difficult to encounter. Another key priority is expectations management, as findings indicate that participants who are warned that encounters are not guaranteed are more likely to remain positive towards the wildlife watching activity provider in the absence of their target species. Additionally, findings indicate that participant characteristics influence overall experiences and at least two of the desired outcomes of wildlife watching tourism: destination loyalty and intentions to perform pro-environmental actions after joining a wildlife watching tourism activity. Therefore, wildlife watching tourism providers and managers of areas that are rich in wildlife should carefully consider which participants they would like to reach when they implement marketing and communication strategies.Denne doktoravhandlingen bidrar til litteraturen om viltkikkingsturisme gjennom å undersøke hvilke elementer som er viktige for deltakernes totalopplevelser, og hvordan disse elementene kan bidra til ønskede utfall og/eller redusere negative effekter av viltkikkingsaktiviteter. Ville dyr er uforutsigbare som hovedattraksjoner, og forsøk på å gjøre møter med ville dyr mer forutsigbare har ofte negativ innvirkning på dyrene som er involvert. Enkelte praksiser slik som bruk av åte eller habituering er også ulovlige i mange områder. Derfor fokuserer avhandlingen på hvordan andre elementer enn møtet med dyret man ønsker å se kan bidra til å forbedre totalopplevelsene til viltkikkingsturister, og resultatene inkluderer forslag til hvordan tilbydere kan legge til rette for gode opplevelser samtidig som de reduserer negative effekter på dyr. For å oppnå disse målene undersøker avhandlingen deltakernes hovedmotivasjon for å delta, hvorvidt deltakernes egne egenskaper påvirker opplevelsene deres, lojalitet til destinasjonen og intensjoner om å utføre miljøvennlige handlinger, samt hvilke elementer som er viktige for deltakere når de tar del i viltkikkingsaktiviteter. Disse temaene ble hovedsakelig undersøkt på norske destinasjoner for viltkikkingsturisme, og avhandlingen er et av de første studiene på norsk viltkikkingsturisme. Avhandlingen benyttet en kombinasjon av flere metoder, også kalt «mixed methods», og tok utgangspunkt i et konvergent forskningsdesign, hvor forskjellige men komplementære data om det samme temaet samles inn for å forstå et forskningsspørsmål eller tema. Funnene i avhandlingen er basert på spørreundersøkelser, deltakende observasjon, dybdeintervjuer og digital innholdsanalyse. Avhandlingen består av en kappe og fire frittstående artikler. Kappen inneholder en introduksjon til artiklene, teoretisk bakgrunn, sammendrag av de overordnede hovedfunnene, samt en diskusjon av de praktiske betydningene og teoretiske bidragene til avhandlingen. Artikkel 1 undersøker deltakernes hovedmotivasjon for å delta i viltkikkingsturisme og koblinger mellom motivasjonsfaktorer, fornøydhet og lojalitet til destinasjonen. Artikkel 2 og Artikkel 3 undersøker hvilke elementer som er viktige for deltakere når de deltar i viltkikkingsturisme, både når dyret de ønsker å se blir funnet og når det ikke blir funnet. Artikkel 4 bidrar til diskusjonen om viltkikkingsturismes potensial for å styrke intensjoner om å utføre miljøvennlige handlinger gjennom å undersøke koblinger mellom to konsepter som har blitt benyttet til å studere dette temaet: «The theory of planned behavior» (Ajzen, 1985) og «involvement» (Burke & Stets, 1999; Havitz & Dimanche, 1999), målt som «centrality to life». Funnene i avhandlingen understreker at det er flere elementer ved viltkikkingsopplevelser som er viktige ved siden av det å oppleve dyret man ønsker å se, og at det i noen tilfeller til og med er mulig for deltakerne å ha gode opplevelser selv om de ikke får se dette dyret. Andre viktige elementer ved opplevelsen inkluderer naturomgivelsene, møter med andre dyr i området, sekundære men mer garanterte sideopplevelser og guiding, som var spesielt viktig både når man fikk se dyret man ville se og når man ikke fikk se det. Dermed bør det å tilby guiding av høy kvalitet være et fokusområde for tilbydere av viltkikkingsturisme. De andre støtte-elementene ved opplevelsen ble viktigere for deltakere i tilfeller hvor de ikke fikk se dyret de hadde lyst til å se. Dette betyr at slike elementer er spesielt viktige å utvikle for opplevelser som er basert på arter som ansees som vanskelige å finne. Et annet viktig fokusområde er det å styre forventningene til deltakerne, da funnene viser at deltakere som fikk beskjed på forhånd om at det ikke var garantert at de fikk se dyret de ville se i mange tilfeller fortsatt var positive til tilbyderen sin da de ikke fikk det. Videre viser funnene i avhandlingen at deltakernes egne egenskaper også påvirker minst to ønskede utfall av viltkikkingsturisme: lojalitet til destinasjonen og intensjoner om å utføre miljøvennlige handlinger. Derfor bør tilbydere av viltkikkingsturisme og forvaltere av områder som har rikt dyreliv vurdere nøye hvilke deltakere de ønsker å nå når de iverksetter markedsføring og kommunikasjonsstrategier

    Modelling sustainable ecotourism development on the Coromandel Peninsula in Aotearoa / New Zealand; a holistic systems approach based on the idea of chaos and complexity in a human-activity system

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    This thesis studies ecotourism in the context of sustainable tourism development. The research is based on the premise that ecotourism and sustainable development can be expressed as operational theoretical concepts and as fields of empirical inquiry. Positioned in the realm of applied qualitative research in the social sciences, the study’s leitmotiv is that sustainable ecotourism development can be represented from an integrative perspective by designing a conceptual system model. The field work consists of an empirical inquiry placed in the Coromandel Peninsula in New Zealand/Aotearoa. By employing a regional case study to test the hypotheses of the thesis, the research attains an insight in the operationalisation of ecotourism and sustainable ecotourism development. It further produces new knowledge regarding the theorisation and conceptualisation of ecotourism and sustainable tourism development. Two main goals drive the study. The first is the exploration of the ontological, epistemological and ideological matrix of a holistic and systemic research perspective. The second goal is the examination of the methodological and practical utility of conceptual system modelling as a research approach. The adopted strategy allows for causal, correlative and teleological interpretations of the spatio-temporal physical and mental phenomena encountered. With reference to critical realism the modelling process is recognised as an abstraction of ‘actual reality’ as opposed to ‘real reality’. Critical realism as an ontology accounts for the different ‘situated knowledges’ and worldviews that are present in the Coromandel Peninsula. The model itself reflects the researcher’s perception of an ‘empirical reality’, which is depicted at three resolution levels. Progressively coupling the different scales, the model design focuses on: (1) The configuration and behavioural patterns of the system as a whole; (2) the attributes of nested subsystems and their influences on each other as well as on the whole system; (3) the properties of individual system constituents, the processes and relationships linking these elements, and their effects on subsets of the system as well as on the system as a whole. Structural and process analyses, as well as an aetiological account of the system’s variables, do justice to the experienced complexity. At each resolution level the research outcome entails two simultaneously developed models. Both show the characteristics of open, complex and adaptive human-activity systems. While the first model reflects the status quo of sustainable ecotourism development in the Coromandel Peninsula, the second one represents an idealised archetype that can be used as a grid for further improvements. Neither model offers a fait accompli. Having identified ecotourism and sustainable tourism development as subjective and dynamic problem areas, answers exist within a continuum of differential interpretations, satisfying changing interests, needs and expectations. Solutions are thus of a suggestive and tentative nature. On a theoretical level, the study utilises ideas derived from ‘general system theory’ and the ‘chaoplexity paradigm’. Conceptually, it expands the philosophical notion of methodological holism into a pluralistic approach. Methodological triangulation is employed to compensate for the anticipated shortcomings of individual methods. In a pragmatic sense ecotourism and sustainable tourism development are viewed as anthropogenic phenomena that emerge at the interface between humans and the natural environment. Human agency is interpreted as the fulcrum of the system’s evolution, which operates in both the mental and physical dimension. Assuming that humans possess ‘free will’, and that rational and irrational as well as emotive and intuitive behaviour are inherent faculties of our nature, the system’s dynamics can not be sufficiently described via linear causalities. Non-linear relations, and a complex combination of multivariate and contingent causation, are interpreted predominantly as a result of human encounter and interaction. Answers to what should be ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ in ecotourism practice are based on the adoption of a pluralistic moral stance. This approach allows for competitive as well as cooperative elements as inherent human character traits that drive decision-making processes. Based on the findings, the thesis concludes with a flexible template of systemic indices that can evaluate the environmental performance and development of ecotourism. It is argued that utilising the suggested set of complex indicators in conjunction bears the potential to enhance sustainable ecotourism development. The template’s adaptability to specific situational contexts is viewed as a prerequisite to cater for changing demands and expectations of individuals, local communities and regions

    Туризм

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    The textbook "Tourism" is the most complete specialized textbook for training specialists in the field of tourism in English. It is based on the most recent data on the main directions of the tourism industry development. In this we see the value and timeliness of this tutorial, which will help you on the one hand – to improve your English skills, and on the other – to ameliorate your knowledge in your professional context. The structure of this textbook is that – six chapters & eleven units. In the book there are a lot of authentic texts in English, developed exercises, dialogues, charts, colour inserts. This tutorial allows you to learn the professional vocabulary quickly and easily and make your level of English better.Даний підручник "Туризм" є найповнішим спеціалізованим навчальним підручником із професійної підготовки фахівців з англійської мови у сфері туризму. Він побудований на базі найсучасніших даних із основних напрямків розвитку туристичної галузі. У цьому полягає цінність і своєчасність даного навчального підручника, який допоможе, з одного боку, удосконалити знання англійської мови, а з іншого – поліпшити свої знання у професійній сфері. Структура даного підручника така – шість розділів та одинадцять параграфів. У підручнику велика кількість автентичних текстів англійською мовою; розроблені вправи, діалоги, схеми, кольорові вкладиші. Даний підручник дозволяє швидко і легко засвоїти професійну лексику і підвищити свій рівень знання англійської мови
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