Une conception pour une production efficace, une approche basée modèles

International audienceThe concept of simultaneous engineering has been used for several years in the industry. However, it rarely aims to think the design of the product and the design of its industrial system (the factory) together. In this paper, we address the need to have a global view of architectural design and manufacturing throughout the entire design process. More precisely, we define a model-based approach which makes it possible to evaluate the impact of a product design on its manufacturability. This approach constitutes a first step, in a long-term perspective, to consider several high-level industrial systems and product designs together and choose the one that gives the best performances.Le concept d'ingénierie simultanée est utilisé depuis plusieurs années dans l'industrie. Cependant, il vise rarement à penser ensemble la conception du produit et la conception de son système industriel (l'usine). Dans cet article, nous abordons la nécessité d'avoir une vision globale de la conception architecturale et de la fabrication tout au long du processus de conception. Plus précisément, nous définissons une approche basée sur un modèle qui permet d'évaluer l'impact de la conception d'un produit sur sa faisabilité. Cette approche constitue une première étape, dans une perspective à long terme, pour considérer ensemble plusieurs systèmes industriels de haut niveau et plusieurs conceptions de produits afin de choisir celui qui donne les meilleures performances

Methodological approaches and techniques for designing ontologies in information systems requirements engineering

Programa doutoral em Information Systems and TechnologyThe way we interact with the world around us is changing as new challenges arise, embracing innovative business models, rethinking the organization and processes to maximize results, and evolving change management. Currently, and considering the projects executed, the methodologies used do not fully respond to the companies' needs. On the one hand, organizations are not familiar with the languages used in Information Systems, and on the other hand, they are often unable to validate requirements or business models. These are some of the difficulties encountered that lead us to think about formulating a new approach. Thus, the state of the art presented in this paper includes a study of the models involved in the software development process, where traditional methods and the rivalry of agile methods are present. In addition, a survey is made about Ontologies and what methods exist to conceive, transform, and represent them. Thus, after analyzing some of the various possibilities currently available, we began the process of evolving a method and developing an approach that would allow us to design ontologies. The method we evolved and adapted will allow us to derive terminologies from a specific domain, aggregating them in order to facilitate the construction of a catalog of terminologies. Next, the definition of an approach to designing ontologies will allow the construction of a domain-specific ontology. This approach allows in the first instance to integrate and store the data from different information systems of a given organization. In a second instance, the rules for mapping and building the ontology database are defined. Finally, a technological architecture is also proposed that will allow the mapping of an ontology through the construction of complex networks, allowing mapping and relating terminologies. This doctoral work encompasses numerous Research & Development (R&D) projects belonging to different domains such as Software Industry, Textile Industry, Robotic Industry and Smart Cities. Finally, a critical and descriptive analysis of the work done is performed, and we also point out perspectives for possible future work.A forma como interagimos com o mundo à nossa volta está a mudar à medida que novos desafios surgem, abraçando modelos empresariais inovadores, repensando a organização e os processos para maximizar os resultados, e evoluindo a gestão da mudança. Atualmente, e considerando os projetos executados, as metodologias utilizadas não respondem na totalidade às necessidades das empresas. Por um lado, as organizações não estão familiarizadas com as linguagens utilizadas nos Sistemas de Informação, por outro lado, são muitas vezes incapazes de validar requisitos ou modelos de negócio. Estas são algumas das dificuldades encontradas que nos levam a pensar na formulação de uma nova abordagem. Assim, o estado da arte apresentado neste documento inclui um estudo dos modelos envolvidos no processo de desenvolvimento de software, onde os métodos tradicionais e a rivalidade de métodos ágeis estão presentes. Além disso, é efetuado um levantamento sobre Ontologias e quais os métodos existentes para as conceber, transformar e representar. Assim, e após analisarmos algumas das várias possibilidades atualmente disponíveis, iniciou-se o processo de evolução de um método e desenvolvimento de uma abordagem que nos permitisse conceber ontologias. O método que evoluímos e adaptamos permitirá derivar terminologias de um domínio específico, agregando-as de forma a facilitar a construção de um catálogo de terminologias. Em seguida, a definição de uma abordagem para conceber ontologias permitirá a construção de uma ontologia de um domínio específico. Esta abordagem permite em primeira instância, integrar e armazenar os dados de diferentes sistemas de informação de uma determinada organização. Num segundo momento, são definidas as regras para o mapeamento e construção da base de dados ontológica. Finalmente, é também proposta uma arquitetura tecnológica que permitirá efetuar o mapeamento de uma ontologia através da construção de redes complexas, permitindo mapear e relacionar terminologias. Este trabalho de doutoramento engloba inúmeros projetos de Investigação & Desenvolvimento (I&D) pertencentes a diferentes domínios como por exemplo Indústria de Software, Indústria Têxtil, Indústria Robótica e Smart Cities. Finalmente, é realizada uma análise critica e descritiva do trabalho realizado, sendo que apontamos ainda perspetivas de possíveis trabalhos futuros

Actes des Sixièmes journées nationales du Groupement De Recherche CNRS du Génie de la Programmation et du Logiciel

National audienceCe document contient les actes des Sixièmes journées nationales du Groupement De Recherche CNRS du Génie de la Programmation et du Logiciel (GDR GPL) s'étant déroulées au CNAM à Paris du 11 au 13 juin 2014. Les contributions présentées dans ce document ont été sélectionnées par les différents groupes de travail du GDR. Il s'agit de résumés, de nouvelles versions, de posters et de démonstrations qui correspondent à des travaux qui ont déjà été validés par les comités de programmes d'autres conférences et revues et dont les droits appartiennent exclusivement à leurs auteurs

Exploration sémantique des modèles socio-environnementaux: Approche générique pour l'initialisation et l'observation des modèles de simulation complexes

Researchers have sought to deal with the complexity of socio-ecosystems including biophysical and social dynamics, and their interactions. In order to cope with this complexity, they need increasingly complex models, whose initialization, and observation are becoming very difficult to implement. However, no generic framework has yet been developed to address this issue. The objective of the thesis is a generic framework for specifying and implementing the initialization from numerous heterogeneous data, and the observation producing the desired indicators. The result is a set of tools and know-how, allowing thematicians to specify and automate the whole process of exploitation of a simulation model, from the initialization to the production of indicators. For this, we propose to formulate the initialization and observation as transformations among data and data structures. This formulation allows to use the Model Driven Engineering (MDE) concepts in order to implement the generic framework and the corresponding domain specific languages (DSL) allow thematicians to specify easier initialization and observation SES models.Les chercheurs veulent aborder toute la complexité des socio-écosystèmes (SES) afférents aux dynamiques biophysiques, sociales ainsi qu’à leurs interactions. Afin d'aborder cette complexité, ils ont recours à des modèles de simulation de plus en plus complexes, dont l'initialisation et l'observation sont devenues difficiles à mettre en œuvre. Toutefois, aucun cadre générique n'a encore été développé pour résoudre ce problème. L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer un cadre générique pour la spécification et la mise en œuvre de l'initialisation, à partir de nombreuses données hétérogènes, et l'observation pour produire les indicateurs souhaités par les thématiciens. Le résultat est un ensemble d’outils et de savoir-faire, permettant aux thématiciens de spécifier et d’automatiser l'ensemble du processus d'exploitation d’un modèle de simulation, de l'initialisation à la production des indicateurs. Pour cela, nous proposons de formuler l'initialisation et l'observation des modèles de simulation en des transformations entre données et structures de données. Cette formulation permet d'utiliser les concepts de l’ingénierie dirigée par les modèles (IDM) afin de mettre en œuvre des langages dédiés (DSL). Ces derniers fournissent les concepts nécessaires permettant aux thématiciens de spécifier plus facilement l’initialisation et l’observation de modèles de SES