Modelando la Variabilidad de Características Complejas en Líneas de Productos Software

A pesar de la gran cantidad de trabajos y de herramientas existentes en el ámbito de las Líneas de Productos Software, muchos dominios de aplicación actuales como la ingeniería web no pueden verse beneficiados del uso de una Línea de Producto Software. Además, fuera del mundo académico, la empresa sigue siendo bastante reticente a usar este enfoque. En este artículo reflexionamos sobre las razones de esta falta de adopción, tanto desde el punto de vista de las características complejas que son imprescindibles en los sistemas actuales, como del soporte que las herramientas existentes proporcionan.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Magic P12-TIC181, HADAS TIN2015-64841-R (co- financiado con fondos FEDER), TASOVA MCIU-AEI. REF: TIN2017-90644-REDT, y MEDEA RTI2018-099213-B-I00

Spl needs an automatic holistic model for software reasoning with feature models

The number of features and their relations in a Software Product Line (SPL) may lead to have SPLs with a big number of potential products which may be difficult to manage. This number of potential products widely increases if, as well as functional features, extra–functional features are taken into account. There are several questions that a SPL engineer would like to ask to his SPL model such as: is it a valid model?, how many potential products a SPL has?, is there any product fulfilling the customer needs? and so forth. These types of questions are error prone to answer without an automatic support. The work reported in this position paper glipmses some misconceptions of previous related proposals: we uphold the need to have an holistic product line model were not distinction are made between functional and extra–functional features, we propose a model based on a formalism strong enough to support both type o features: contraint programming.Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología TIC2003-02737-C02-0

Estrategias de pruebas de líneas de producto de sistemas de tiempo real especificados con diagramas de estados jerárquicos

Las Líneas de Producto Software han aparecido en la ingeniería del software como una técnica cuyo objetivo es el de poder crear diferentes variantes software a partir de una infraestructura común, del mismo modo que se hace en otros sectores industriales. Un aspecto que hasta ahora no se ha investigado con tanta extensión es el de las Pruebas de Línea de Producto Software. La cuestión fundamental es decidir hasta qué punto es posible probar las diferents variantes de forma común. En el caso más optimista, probando una funcionalidad sobre la parte general se podría dar por probada sobre todas las variantes. Por contra, en el caso más pesimista, las pruebas de una Línea de Producto Software serían exactamente iguales que las pruebas de varios productos independientes que se hicieran de forma separada. Como término medio, aunque se pruebe la misma funcionalidad en todas las variantes, se podrian reutilizar por ejemplo la arquitectura de pruebas, los casos de prueba, el entorno de pruebas, etc. Buscando dar una solución al problema de las pruebas de Líneas de producto Software de tiempo real, la Tesis Doctoral propone un método de pruebas basado en los diagramas de estados jerárquicos del lenguaje UML para definir los casos de prueba. Se propone una técnica para asegurar la correspondencia (trazabilidad) de los requisitos con los casos de prueba, estructurándolos de forma semejante a los requisitos y estudiando cómo las variantes de los requisitos impactan sobre los diferentes elementos de prueba. También se define dentro del método un flujo de actividades, cuyo objetivo es la automatización de las pruebas para así poder probar las diferentes variantes de la Línea de Producto Software de forma eficiente. Este método tiene tres fases: el Diseño de Pruebas, donde se agrupan en clases de prueba los requisitos tanto genéricos como específicos de cada variante, y se modela cada clase de prueba mediante diagramas de estados jerárquicos y, si es preciso, escenarios en los cuales se incluyen de forma explícita sus requisitos asociados. En la fase de Implementación de Pruebas, estos diagramas se describen por medio de tablas de estados y eventos, con la información adicional necesaria (los datos de prueba) para generar automáticamente el código con los casos de prueba ejecutables. En la fase final de Ejecución de Pruebas, se realiza el caso de prueba sobre el sistema real y se registra el resultado obtenido. Como aportación final, se propone un metamodelo donde se muestran todos los elementos del método de pruebas y las relaciones que existen entre ellos. Para comprobar que la solución propuesta al problema de las pruebas de Líneas de Producto Software de Tiempo real es satisfactoria, se ha elegido una doble estrategia consistente en la aplicación del método sobre un caso industrial real y en la elaboración de un conjunto de herramientas software prototipo, con las cuales se ha demostrado la validez del método propuesto y se ha delimitado su alcance. El caso industrial real escogido ha sido el de una Línea de Productos Software Tiempo Real de sistemas de control del tráfico ferroviario, en el que el autor desarrolla desde hace diez años su actividad profesional, lo cual da a esta Tesis Doctoral un marcado carácter industrial, tanto por la relevancia práctica del tema elegido como por reflejar una experiencia de aplicación industrial real. Las herramientas software desarrolladas, tanto en el caso de aplicación industrial real, como en el ámbito de la Tesis Doctoral, sirven de soporte a la generación de casos de prueba a partir de los modelos de diagramas de estados, la ejecución automatizada de las pruebas, el análisis de los resultados o veredictos de las pruebas y la medición de cobertura de requisitos alcanzada en las pruebas

IC3:Information and Communication integration using VCoIP between 3 collaborating parties

This study develops a new communication and collaboration supported tool – IC3. In particular, this tool is an integration of open source video conference over internet protocol (VCoIP) and virtual network computing (VNC) projects. This integrated system supports both virtual communication and collaborated web information sharing. In addition, it aims to facilitate greater eye contact and seating arrangements. The results from a set of heuristic evaluations show that the IC3 system is an effective communication and collaboration tool, and it does improve users’ eye contact and feeling of sitting around a table.Unpublished115studio. (2006) Retrieved May 15, 2006 from www.115studio.com Baker, K., Greenberg, S., & Gutwin, C. (2001). Heuristic evaluation of groupware based on the mechanics of collaboration. In: Proceedings of the 8th IFIP Working Conference on Engineering for Human-Computer Interaction. May 11-13, Toronto, Canada. Barbour, C., & Barbour, N. (2001). Families, schools, and communities: Building partnerships for educating children. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill. Batchelor, J., & Goethals, G. (1972). Spatial arrangement in freely formed groups. Sociometry, 35, 270-279. Bier, E., & Freeman, S. (1991). MMM: A User Interface Architecture for Shared Editors on a Single Screen. In: Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, November, 79-87. Bocker, M., & Mühlbach, L. (1993). Communication Presence in Videocommunications, In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting, Santa Monica, USA. Booth, K., Fisher, B., Lin, C., & Argue, R. (2002). The “Mighty Mouse” Multi Screen Collaboration Tool. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, 209-212. Capilla, R., & Dueñas, J. (2002). Modelling Variability with Features in Distributed Architectures. Heidelberg: Springer Berlin. Collaborative VNC. (2006). Retrieved September 1, 2006, from http://www.benjie.org/software/linux/collaborative-vnc/ CPNMouse. (2006). Retrieved August 5, 2006, from http://cpnmouse.sourceforge.net/ Dabkowski, D. (2004). Encouraging active parent participation in IEP team meetings. Teaching Exceptional Children, 36, 34-39. Dommel, H-P., & Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J. (1997). Floor control for multimedia conferencing and collaboration. Multimedia Systems, 5, 23-38. Dommel, H-P., & Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J. (1999a). Efficacy of floor control protocols in distributed multimedia collaboration, Cluster Computing, 2, 17-33. Dommel, H-P., & Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J. (1999b). Group coordination support for synchronous internet collaboration. IEEE Internet Computing Magazine, Special Issue on Collaboration - Internet-style, 3, 74–80. Ellis, C., & Gibbs, S. (1989). Concurrency control in groupware systems. In: Proceedings of the 1989 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data, 18, 399–407. Eills, C., Gibbs, S., & Rein, G. (1991). Groupware: some issues and experiences. Communications of the ACM, 34, 38-57. Engelbart, D., & English, W. (1968). A research center for augmenting human intellect. In: Proceedings of Fall Joint Computing Conference, 33, 395-410, AFIPS Press. Esenther, A. (2002). Instant Co-Browsing: Lightweight Real-time Collaborative Web Browsing. In: Proceedings of the 11 International WWW Conference. May, 107-114. Garau, M., Slater, M., Bee, S., & Sasse, M. (2001). The impact of eye gaze on communication using humanoid avatars. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, March 31- April 5, 309-316. Gemmell, J., Toyama, K., Zitnick, C., Kang, T., & Seitz, S. (2000). Gaze awareness for video-conferencing: A software approach. IEEE Multimedia, 7, 26-35. Giesen, M., & McClaren, H. (1976). Discussion, distance and sex: changes in impressions and attraction during small group interaction. Sociometry, 39, 60-70. Greenberg, S., & Roseman, M. (1999). Groupware toolkits for synchronous work. In Beaudouin-Lafon, M. (ed.), Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Chapter 6, 135-168. John Wiley & Sons. Gutwin, C., Greenberg. S., & Roseman, M. (1996). Workspace Awareness in Real-Time Distributed Groupware: Framework, Widgets, and Evaluation. In: Proceedings of HCI'96: Conference on Computer Human Interaction: People and Computers, 281-298. Springer-Verlag. Conference held at Imperial College, London, August 20-23. Hayne, S., Pendergast, M. & Greenberg, S. (1994) “Implementing gesturing with cursors in Group Support Systems.” Journal of Management Information Systems, 10, 43–61. Hendrick, C., Giesen, M., & Coy, S. (1974). The social ecology of free seating arrangements in a small group interaction context. Sociometry, 37, 262-274. Hopf, K., Runde, D., & Borker, M. (1994). Advanced videocommunications with stereoscopy and individual perspectives. In: Towards a Pan-European Telecommunication Service Infrastructure - IS&N '94, Kugler et al. (eds.), Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. Hourcade, J., Iyer, V., & Bederson, B. (1999). Architecture and Implementation of a Java Package for Multiple Input Devices (MID). In: Proceedings of User Interface and Software Technology (UIST 99). Kolbehdari, M., Lizotte, D., Shires, G., & Trevor, S. (2006). Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Evolution in Converge Cmmunications. Intel Technology Journal, 10, 10-19. Lauwers, C., & Lantz, K. (1990). Collaboration awareness in support of collaboration transparency: Requirements for the next generation of shared window systems. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI’90 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, April, 303–311. Liu, J., Beldie, I., & Wopking, M. (1995). A Computational Approach to Establish Eye-contact in Videocommunication. In: the International Workshop on Stereoscopic and Three Dimen-sional Imaging (IWS3DI), 229–234. Santorini, Greece. Nakamura, M., Ma, J., Chiba, K., Shizuka, M., & Miyosh, Y. (2003). Design and Implementation of a P2P Shared Web Browser Using JXTA. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, 111-116. Nielsen, J. (1994). Heuristic evaluation. In Nielsen, J., and Mack, R.L. (Eds.), Usability Inspection Methods. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Nielsen, J. (2001). How to conduct a heuristic evaluation. Retrieved September 20, 2006 from http://www.useit.com/papers/heuristic/heuristic_evaluation.html Okada, K., Maeda, F., Ichikawa, Y., & Matsushita, Y. (1994). Multiparty videoconferencing at virtual social distance: MAJIC design. In: Proceedings of CSCW’94, Chapel Hill, NC, October, 279-291. Paulson, J., Succi, G., & Eberlein, A. (2004). An empirical study of open-source and closed-source software products. Transactions on Software Engineering, 30, 2004. Phillips, W. (1999). Architectures for Synchronous Groupware, Technical Report 1999-425, Department for Computing and Information Science, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Parsons, G. (1982). Basics of Communication. Retrieved October 2, 2006, from www.cedresources.ca/docs/modules/comm.doc Richardson, T., Stafford-Fraser, Q., Wood, K., & Hopper, A. (1998). Virtual network computing. IEEE Internet Computing, 2 , 33-38. Sellen, A. (1992). Speech patterns in video mediated conversations. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI’92, 5, 49-59. Takeuchi, A., & Naito, T. (1995). Situated facial displays: Towards social interaction. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI '95- Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1, 450–455. Tang, J. (1991). Findings from observational studies of collaborative work. International Journal of Man Machine Studies, 34, 143–160. Tse, E., & Greenberg, S. (2004). Rapidly prototyping single display groupware through the SDGToolkit. In: Proceedings of the Fifth Australasian User Interface Conference, volume 28 of CRPIT Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, 101–110. Varshney, U., Snow, A., McGivern, M., & Howard, C. (2002). Voice over IP. Communications of the ACM, 1, 89-96. Weiss, M. & Hwang, J. (1998). Internet telephony or circuit switched telephony: Which is cheaper? In: Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, Washington, DC, October 1998. Wilson, H. (2004). Videoconferencing at UNISA: Synchronous real-time discussions for student support. Paper presented at e-merge 2004 conference, South Africa. Yang, R., & Zhang, Z. (2002). Eye Gaze Correction with Stereovision for Video-Teleconferencing. In: Proceedings of the Seventh European Conference on Computer Vision, 2, 479-494. Copenhagen, Denmark

IC3:Information and Communication integration using VCoIP between 3 collaborating parties

This study develops a new communication and collaboration supported tool – IC3. In particular, this tool is an integration of open source video conference over internet protocol (VCoIP) and virtual network computing (VNC) projects. This integrated system supports both virtual communication and collaborated web information sharing. In addition, it aims to facilitate greater eye contact and seating arrangements. The results from a set of heuristic evaluations show that the IC3 system is an effective communication and collaboration tool, and it does improve users’ eye contact and feeling of sitting around a table.Unpublished115studio. (2006) Retrieved May 15, 2006 from www.115studio.com Baker, K., Greenberg, S., & Gutwin, C. (2001). Heuristic evaluation of groupware based on the mechanics of collaboration. In: Proceedings of the 8th IFIP Working Conference on Engineering for Human-Computer Interaction. May 11-13, Toronto, Canada. Barbour, C., & Barbour, N. (2001). Families, schools, and communities: Building partnerships for educating children. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill. Batchelor, J., & Goethals, G. (1972). Spatial arrangement in freely formed groups. Sociometry, 35, 270-279. Bier, E., & Freeman, S. (1991). MMM: A User Interface Architecture for Shared Editors on a Single Screen. In: Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, November, 79-87. Bocker, M., & Mühlbach, L. (1993). Communication Presence in Videocommunications, In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting, Santa Monica, USA. Booth, K., Fisher, B., Lin, C., & Argue, R. (2002). The “Mighty Mouse” Multi Screen Collaboration Tool. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, 209-212. Capilla, R., & Dueñas, J. (2002). Modelling Variability with Features in Distributed Architectures. Heidelberg: Springer Berlin. Collaborative VNC. (2006). Retrieved September 1, 2006, from http://www.benjie.org/software/linux/collaborative-vnc/ CPNMouse. (2006). Retrieved August 5, 2006, from http://cpnmouse.sourceforge.net/ Dabkowski, D. (2004). Encouraging active parent participation in IEP team meetings. Teaching Exceptional Children, 36, 34-39. Dommel, H-P., & Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J. (1997). Floor control for multimedia conferencing and collaboration. Multimedia Systems, 5, 23-38. Dommel, H-P., & Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J. (1999a). Efficacy of floor control protocols in distributed multimedia collaboration, Cluster Computing, 2, 17-33. Dommel, H-P., & Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J. (1999b). Group coordination support for synchronous internet collaboration. IEEE Internet Computing Magazine, Special Issue on Collaboration - Internet-style, 3, 74–80. Ellis, C., & Gibbs, S. (1989). Concurrency control in groupware systems. In: Proceedings of the 1989 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data, 18, 399–407. Eills, C., Gibbs, S., & Rein, G. (1991). Groupware: some issues and experiences. Communications of the ACM, 34, 38-57. Engelbart, D., & English, W. (1968). A research center for augmenting human intellect. In: Proceedings of Fall Joint Computing Conference, 33, 395-410, AFIPS Press. Esenther, A. (2002). Instant Co-Browsing: Lightweight Real-time Collaborative Web Browsing. In: Proceedings of the 11 International WWW Conference. May, 107-114. Garau, M., Slater, M., Bee, S., & Sasse, M. (2001). The impact of eye gaze on communication using humanoid avatars. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, March 31- April 5, 309-316. Gemmell, J., Toyama, K., Zitnick, C., Kang, T., & Seitz, S. (2000). Gaze awareness for video-conferencing: A software approach. IEEE Multimedia, 7, 26-35. Giesen, M., & McClaren, H. (1976). Discussion, distance and sex: changes in impressions and attraction during small group interaction. Sociometry, 39, 60-70. Greenberg, S., & Roseman, M. (1999). Groupware toolkits for synchronous work. In Beaudouin-Lafon, M. (ed.), Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Chapter 6, 135-168. John Wiley & Sons. Gutwin, C., Greenberg. S., & Roseman, M. (1996). Workspace Awareness in Real-Time Distributed Groupware: Framework, Widgets, and Evaluation. In: Proceedings of HCI'96: Conference on Computer Human Interaction: People and Computers, 281-298. Springer-Verlag. Conference held at Imperial College, London, August 20-23. Hayne, S., Pendergast, M. & Greenberg, S. (1994) “Implementing gesturing with cursors in Group Support Systems.” Journal of Management Information Systems, 10, 43–61. Hendrick, C., Giesen, M., & Coy, S. (1974). The social ecology of free seating arrangements in a small group interaction context. Sociometry, 37, 262-274. Hopf, K., Runde, D., & Borker, M. (1994). Advanced videocommunications with stereoscopy and individual perspectives. In: Towards a Pan-European Telecommunication Service Infrastructure - IS&N '94, Kugler et al. (eds.), Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. Hourcade, J., Iyer, V., & Bederson, B. (1999). Architecture and Implementation of a Java Package for Multiple Input Devices (MID). In: Proceedings of User Interface and Software Technology (UIST 99). Kolbehdari, M., Lizotte, D., Shires, G., & Trevor, S. (2006). Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Evolution in Converge Cmmunications. Intel Technology Journal, 10, 10-19. Lauwers, C., & Lantz, K. (1990). Collaboration awareness in support of collaboration transparency: Requirements for the next generation of shared window systems. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI’90 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, April, 303–311. Liu, J., Beldie, I., & Wopking, M. (1995). A Computational Approach to Establish Eye-contact in Videocommunication. In: the International Workshop on Stereoscopic and Three Dimen-sional Imaging (IWS3DI), 229–234. Santorini, Greece. Nakamura, M., Ma, J., Chiba, K., Shizuka, M., & Miyosh, Y. (2003). Design and Implementation of a P2P Shared Web Browser Using JXTA. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, 111-116. Nielsen, J. (1994). Heuristic evaluation. In Nielsen, J., and Mack, R.L. (Eds.), Usability Inspection Methods. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Nielsen, J. (2001). How to conduct a heuristic evaluation. Retrieved September 20, 2006 from http://www.useit.com/papers/heuristic/heuristic_evaluation.html Okada, K., Maeda, F., Ichikawa, Y., & Matsushita, Y. (1994). Multiparty videoconferencing at virtual social distance: MAJIC design. In: Proceedings of CSCW’94, Chapel Hill, NC, October, 279-291. Paulson, J., Succi, G., & Eberlein, A. (2004). An empirical study of open-source and closed-source software products. Transactions on Software Engineering, 30, 2004. Phillips, W. (1999). Architectures for Synchronous Groupware, Technical Report 1999-425, Department for Computing and Information Science, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Parsons, G. (1982). Basics of Communication. Retrieved October 2, 2006, from www.cedresources.ca/docs/modules/comm.doc Richardson, T., Stafford-Fraser, Q., Wood, K., & Hopper, A. (1998). Virtual network computing. IEEE Internet Computing, 2 , 33-38. Sellen, A. (1992). Speech patterns in video mediated conversations. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI’92, 5, 49-59. Takeuchi, A., & Naito, T. (1995). Situated facial displays: Towards social interaction. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI '95- Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1, 450–455. Tang, J. (1991). Findings from observational studies of collaborative work. International Journal of Man Machine Studies, 34, 143–160. Tse, E., & Greenberg, S. (2004). Rapidly prototyping single display groupware through the SDGToolkit. In: Proceedings of the Fifth Australasian User Interface Conference, volume 28 of CRPIT Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, 101–110. Varshney, U., Snow, A., McGivern, M., & Howard, C. (2002). Voice over IP. Communications of the ACM, 1, 89-96. Weiss, M. & Hwang, J. (1998). Internet telephony or circuit switched telephony: Which is cheaper? In: Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, Washington, DC, October 1998. Wilson, H. (2004). Videoconferencing at UNISA: Synchronous real-time discussions for student support. Paper presented at e-merge 2004 conference, South Africa. Yang, R., & Zhang, Z. (2002). Eye Gaze Correction with Stereovision for Video-Teleconferencing. In: Proceedings of the Seventh European Conference on Computer Vision, 2, 479-494. Copenhagen, Denmark