1,071 research outputs found

    Review of the applications of principles of insect hearing to microscale acoustic engineering challenges

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    When looking for novel, simple, and energy-efficient solutions to engineering problems, nature has proved to be an incredibly valuable source of inspiration. The development of acoustic sensors has been a prolific field for bioinspired solutions. With a diverse array of evolutionary approaches to the problem of hearing at small scales (some widely different to the traditional concept of "ear"), insects in particular have served as a starting point for several designs. From locusts to moths, through crickets and mosquitoes among many others, the mechanisms found in nature to deal with small-scale acoustic detection and the engineering solutions they have inspired are reviewed. The present article is comprised of three main sections corresponding to the principal problems faced by insects, namely frequency discrimination, which is addressed by tonotopy, whether performed by a specific organ or directly on the tympana; directionality, with solutions including diverse adaptations to tympanal structure; and detection of weak signals, through what is known as active hearing. The three aforementioned problems concern tiny animals as much as human-manufactured microphones and have therefore been widely investigated. Even though bioinspired systems may not always provide perfect performance, they are sure to give us solutions with clever use of resources and minimal post-processing, being serious contenders for the best alternative depending on the requisites of the problem

    Advanced Materials and Technologies in Nanogenerators

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    This reprint discusses the various applications, new materials, and evolution in the field of nanogenerators. This lays the foundation for the popularization of their broad applications in energy science, environmental protection, wearable electronics, self-powered sensors, medical science, robotics, and artificial intelligence

    DECENTRALIZING THE INTERNET OF MEDICAL THINGS: THE INTERPLANETARY HEALTH LAYER

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    Medical mobile applications have the potential to revolutionize the healthcare industry by providing patients with easy access to their personal health information, enabling them to communicate with healthcare providers remotely and consequently improving patient outcomes by providing personalized health information. However, these applications are usually limited by privacy and security issues. A possible solution is to exploit decentralization distributing privacy concerns directly to users. Solutions enabling this vision are closely linked to Distributed Ledger Technologies that have the potential to revolutionize the healthcare industry by creating a secure and transparent system for managing patient data without a central authority. The decentralized nature of the technology allows for the creation of an international data layer that is accessible to authorized parties while preserving patient privacy. This thesis envisions the InterPlanetary Health Layer along with its implementation attempt called Halo Network and an Internet of Medical Things application called Balance as a use case. Throughout the thesis, we explore the benefits and limitations of using the technology, analyze potential use cases, and look out for future directions.Medical mobile applications have the potential to revolutionize the healthcare industry by providing patients with easy access to their personal health information, enabling them to communicate with healthcare providers remotely and consequently improving patient outcomes by providing personalized health information. However, these applications are usually limited by privacy and security issues. A possible solution is to exploit decentralization distributing privacy concerns directly to users. Solutions enabling this vision are closely linked to Distributed Ledger Technologies that have the potential to revolutionize the healthcare industry by creating a secure and transparent system for managing patient data without a central authority. The decentralized nature of the technology allows for the creation of an international data layer that is accessible to authorized parties while preserving patient privacy. This thesis envisions the InterPlanetary Health Layer along with its implementation attempt called Halo Network and an Internet of Medical Things application called Balance as a use case. Throughout the thesis, we explore the benefits and limitations of using the technology, analyze potential use cases, and look out for future directions

    Lux junior 2023: 16. Internationales Forum für den lichttechnischen Nachwuchs, 23. – 25. Juni 2023, Ilmenau : Tagungsband

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    Während des 16. Internationales Forums für den lichttechnischen Nachwuchs präsentieren Studenten, Doktoranden und junge Absolventen ihre Forschungs- und Entwicklungsergebnisse aus allen Bereichen der Lichttechnik. Die Themen bewegen sich dabei von Beleuchtungsanwendungen in verschiedensten Bereichen über Lichtmesstechnik, Kraftfahrzeugbeleuchung, LED-Anwendung bis zu nichtvisuellen Lichtwirkungen. Das Forum ist speziell für Studierende und junge Absolventen des Lichtbereiches konzipiert. Es bietet neben den Vorträgen und Postern die Möglichkeit zu Diskussionen und individuellem Austausch. In den 30 Jahren ihres Bestehens entwickelte sich die zweijährig stattfindende Tagung zu eine Traditionsveranstaltung, die das Fachgebiet Lichttechnik der TU Ilmenau gemeinsam mit der Bezirksgruppe Thüringen-Nordhessen der Deutschen Lichttechnischen Gesellschaft LiTG e. V. durchführt

    Acceleration profiles of adolescent soccer players across a season

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    The injury risk inherent to soccer can be affected by external training loads and intrinsic factors. These intrinsic factors (sex, mass, strength, coordination, etc.) in young athletes can be rapidly altered the near their peak height velocity (PHV) during puberty, modifying their movement complexity and, potentially, their injury risk. While quantification of movement complexity through multiscale entropy analysis have been used in past biomechanical investigations, no studies have incorporated this analysis on tibial accelerometry signals collected in these maturing athletes. The purpose of this study is to collect tibial acceleration data from youth soccer athletes during several discrete drills and determine discrete acceleration metrics or signal complexity differs across athletes based on their relation to PHV, sex, or over the course of a season. Some limited significant time fixed effects on tibial movement complexity were found during only two drills in our protocol, while several drills showed significant effects for PHV, sex, and time on acceleration peaks and integrals. However, in the case of both complexity and discrete acceleration statistical analyses, subsequent model performance and comparison to the null model suggests that the predictive power of our independent variables is limited in these contexts. The findings of this study lay the groundwork for future research examining tibial acceleration signals as they relate to external loading complexity and magnitude within the lower-extremities

    Locating nidi for high-frequency chest wall oscillation smart therapy via acoustic imaging of lung airways as a spatial network

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    High-frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO) therapy is one of the techniques to facilitate the draining of a patient’s lung secretion in pathological situations, and smart therapy with HFCWO devices equipped with multiple actuators can be achieved via locating nidi in the lung. In this paper, through developing a novel acoustic lung spatial model and utilizing acoustic imaging simulation, a new and effective method for assessing lung function with acoustic imaging is presented, which links acoustic lung images with pathologic changes. The structural similarity between the acoustic reference image based on actual lung sound and our model acoustic image based on the airway impedance was achieved by an index of 0.8987, with 1 as the exact score. Simulation studies based on the model are used to analyze the practicality and the extreme design of the acoustic imaging system on the resolution of the located nidus. For instance, a practical system design with sensor numbers between 4 and 35 may recognize a lower resolution nidus length of 73 mm to a better resolution nidus length of 22 mm. On the other hand, an extreme system design with more than 1000 sensors can recognize greater nidus resolution at under 10 mm. Additionally, this research may be utilized to offer recommendations for acoustic imaging system design and assess the number of sensors and sensing diameter in current acoustic imaging systems. Furthermore, the geographic detection of nidus length allows for analyzing of HFCWO therapy results

    The 26th Annual Boston University Undergraduate Research (UROP) Abstracts

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    The file is available to be viewed by anyone in the BU community. To view the file, click on "Login" or the Person icon top-right with your BU Kerberos password. You will then be able to see an option to View.Abstracts for the 2023 UROP Symposium, held at Boston University on October 20, 2023 at GSU Metcalf Ballroom. Cover and logo design by Morgan Danna. Booklet compiled by Molly Power
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