707 research outputs found
Modélisation d'une interaction systÚme-résident contextuelle, personnalisée et adaptative pour l'assistance cognitive à la réalisation des activités de la vie quotidienne dans les maisons connectées
Alors que le nombre de personnes vivant avec des dĂ©ficits cognitifs qui dĂ©coulent dâun traumatisme craniocĂ©rĂ©bral (TCC) va en croissant, les technologies dâassistance sont de plus en plus dĂ©veloppĂ©es pour rĂ©soudre les problĂšmes quâils induisent dans la rĂ©alisation des activitĂ©s de la vie quotidienne. LâInternet des objets et lâintelligence ambiante offrent un cadre pour fournir des services dâassistance sensibles au contexte, adaptatifs, autonomes et personnalisĂ©s pour ces personnes ayant des besoins particuliers. Une revue de la littĂ©rature sur le sujet permet de constater que les systĂšmes existants offrent trĂšs souvent une assistance excessive, quand lâaide contient plus dâinformation que nĂ©cessaire ou quand elle est fournie automatiquement Ă chaque Ă©tape de lâactivitĂ©. Cette assistance, inadaptĂ©e aux besoins et aux capacitĂ©s de la personne, est contraire Ă certains principes de la rĂ©adaptation cognitive qui prĂŽnent la fourniture dâune assistance minimale pour encourager la personne Ă agir au meilleur de ses capacitĂ©s. Cette thĂšse propose des modĂšles pour automatiser lâassistance cognitive sous forme de dialogue contextuel entre une personne ayant des dĂ©ficits cognitifs dus au TCC et un systĂšme lui fournissant lâassistance appropriĂ©e qui lâencourage Ă rĂ©aliser ses activitĂ©s par lui-mĂȘme. Les principales contributions sont : (1) un modĂšle ontologique comme support de lâassistance cognitive dans les maisons connectĂ©es ; (2) un modĂšle dâinteraction entre lâagent intelligent dâune maison connectĂ©e et une personne ayant subi un TCC, dans le cadre de lâassistance cognitive. Le modĂšle ontologique proposĂ© sâappuie sur les actes de langages et les donnĂ©es probantes de la rĂ©adaptation cognitive afin que lâassistance reflĂšte la pratique clinique. Il vise Ă fournir aux maisons intelligentes la sĂ©mantique des donnĂ©es nĂ©cessaires pour caractĂ©riser les situations oĂč il y a besoin dâassistance, les messages dâassistance de gradations diffĂ©rentes et les rĂ©actions de la personne. InformĂ© par le modĂšle ontologique, le modĂšle dâinteraction basĂ© sur des arbres de comportement (« behaviour trees ») permet alors Ă un agent intelligent de planifier dynamiquement la diffusion de messages dâassistance progressifs avec des ajustements si nĂ©cessaire, en fonction du profil et du comportement du rĂ©sident de la maison connectĂ©e lors de lâaccomplissement de ses activitĂ©s. Une validation prĂ©liminaire montre lâapplicabilitĂ© des modĂšles dans lâimplĂ©mentation de scĂ©narios relatifs Ă lâutilisation sĂ©curitaire dâune cuisiniĂšre connectĂ©e dĂ©diĂ©e aux personnes ayant subi un TCC
TunneÌlisation Attentionnelle : DeÌfinitions de meÌtriques physiologiques et comportementales pour diagnostiquer la tunneÌlisation attentionnelle chez un opeÌrateur humain
LâincapaciteÌ aÌ deÌtecter les alarmes visuelles est un probleÌme crucial dans beaucoup de domaines comme lâautomobile (Crundall, Underwood, et Chapman 1999) et lâaeÌronautique (Thomas et Wickens 2004). DiffeÌrents modeÌles ont eÌteÌ proposeÌs pour deÌcrire ce pheÌnomeÌne comme eÌtant une reÌduction du champ visuel, aussi connu sous le nom de « tunneÌlisation visuelle » (Williams 1985), ou aÌ une dilution de lâattention visuelle (Crundall, Underwood, et Chapman 1999). Dâautres eÌtudes ont montreÌ que, en fonction de la taÌche expeÌrimentale, la deÌtection des stimuli visuels peÌripheÌriques eÌtait deÌteÌrioreÌe si ces stimuli eÌtaient placeÌs entre 2,2 et 10 degreÌs du champ visuel foveÌal (Plainis, Murray, et Chauhan 2001). Des auteurs sâappuyant sur le concept dâaveuglement attentionnel font lâhypotheÌse dâune explication purement attentionnelle du pheÌnomeÌne (Newby et Rock 1998) pour expliquer le rejet des stimuli inattendus dans le champ foveÌal et ce malgreÌ leur sallience (Simons et Chabris 1999). Ces auteurs postulent lâexistence dâun processus dâinhibition sur le locus du stimulus inattendu, un meÌcanisme deÌjaÌ deÌcrit par Posner (1987). La « tunneÌlisation attentionnelle », un concept adjacent, a eÌteÌ opeÌrationnaliseÌ dans le contexte des facteurs humains par Wickens (Wickens 2005). Cet auteur qui propose de la deÌfinir comme « lâallocation de lâattention aÌ un canal dâinformation particulier, aÌ un diagnostic dâun jeu dâhypotheÌses ou aÌ la reÌalisation dâune taÌche dite objectif, pour une dureÌe deÌpassant la dureÌe optimale, eÌtant donneÌ les couts associeÌs aÌ la neÌgligence des informations preÌsenteÌes par les autres canaux, ou aÌ de nouvelles hypotheÌses non envisageÌes, ou encore aÌ la non reÌalisation dâautres taÌches. ». Des expeÌriences reÌaliseÌes en simulateur de vol deÌmontrent que la tunneÌlisation attentionnelle peut conduire les pilotes aÌ neÌgliger des information critiques telles que des alarmes visuelles (Dehais, Tessier, et Chaudron 2003) et auditives (Dehais et al. 2010). Des travaux ont montreÌ que des solutions existent pour lutter contre ce pheÌnomeÌne, telles que les contre-mesures cognitives (Dehais, Tessier, et Chaudron 2003), la reÌgulation du niveau dâautomatisation (Parasuraman et Wickens 2008) ou la modification du partage dâautoriteÌ (Dehais, Mercier, et Tessier 2009).
DeÌs lors, un enjeu est de disposer de moyens de mesure pour deÌtecter la tunneÌlisation attentionnelle dans le but dâadapter en temps reÌel lâinteraction homme-machine selon les principes proposeÌs preÌceÌdemment
The Glacier Complexes of the Mountain Massifs of the North-West of Inner Asia and their Dynamics
The subject of this paper is
the glaciation of the mountain massifs
Mongun-Taiga, Tavan-Boghd-Ola, Turgeni-
Nuru, and Harhira-Nuru. The glaciation is
represented mostly by small forms that
sometimes form a single complex of domeshaped
peaks. According to the authors,
the modern glaciated area of the mountain
massifs is 21.2 km2 (Tavan-Boghd-Ola),
20.3 km2 (Mongun-Taiga), 42 km2 (Turgeni-
Nuru), and 33.1 km2 (Harhira-Nuru).
The area of the glaciers has been shrinking
since the mid 1960âs. In 1995â2008, the rate
of reduction of the glaciersâ area has grown
considerably: valley glaciers were rapidly
degrading and splitting; accumulation
of morainic material in the lower parts
of the glaciers accelerated. Small glaciers
transformed into snowfields and rock
glaciers. There has been also a degradation
of the highest parts of the glaciers and the
collapse of the glacial complexes with a
single zone of accumulation into isolated
from each other glaciers. Reduced snow
cover area has led to a rise in the firn
line and the disintegration of a common
accumulation area of the glacial complex.
In the of the Mongun-Taiga massif, in 1995â
2008, the firn line rose by 200â300 m. The
reduction of the glaciers significantly lagged
behind the change in the position of the
accumulation area boundary. In the past two
years, there has been a significant recovery
of the glaciers that could eventually lead to
their slower degradation or stabilization of
the glaciers in the study area
An assessment system for rating scientific journals in the field of ergonomics and human factors
A method for selecting and rating scientific and professional journals representing the discipline of ergonomics and human factors is proposed. The method is based upon the journal list, impact factors and citations provided by the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI), and the journal list published in the Ergonomics Abstracts. Three groups of journals were distinguished. The "ergonomics journals" focus exclusively on ergonomics or human factors. The "related journals" focus on other disciplines than ergonomics or human factors, but regularly publish ergonomics/human factors papers. The "basic journals" focus on other technical, medical or social sciences than ergonomics, but are important for the development of ergonomics/human factors. Journal quality was rated using a maximum of four categories: top quality (A-level), high quality (B-level), good quality (C-level)) and professional (P-level). The above methods were applied to develop journal ratings for the year 2003. A total of 24 'ergonomics journals', 58 'related journals' and 142 'basic journals' were classified.impact factor;rating;scientific journals
Analysis and Design of Mobile Collaborative Applications Using Contextual Elements
Collaborative mobile applications support users on the move in order to perform a collaborative task. One of the challenges when designing such applications is to consider the context where they will execute. Contextualized applications are easy to adopt by the users; unfortunately the design of contextualized tools is not evident. This paper presents a framework of contextual elements to be considered during the conception, analysis and design phases of a mobile collaborative application. This framework supports developers to identify non-functional requirements and part of the architectural design in order to get contextualized applications. The use of this framework is complementary to any structured software process. A framework use example is also presented as an illustration of its applicability
Architecture de contrÎle d'un robot de téléprésence et d'assistance aux soins à domicile
La population vieillissante provoque une croissance des coĂ»ts pour les soins hospitaliers. Pour Ă©viter que ces coĂ»ts deviennent trop importants, des robots de tĂ©lĂ©prĂ©sence et dâassistance aux soins et aux activitĂ©s quotidiennes sont envisageables afin de maintenir lâautonomie des personnes ĂągĂ©es Ă leur domicile. Cependant, les robots actuels possĂšdent individuellement des fonctionnalitĂ©s intĂ©ressantes, mais il serait bĂ©nĂ©fique de pouvoir rĂ©unir leurs capacitĂ©s. Une telle intĂ©gration est possible par lâutilisation dâune architecture dĂ©cisionnelle permettant de jumeler des capacitĂ©s de navigation, de suivi de la voix et dâacquisition dâinformations afin dâassister lâopĂ©rateur Ă distance, voir mĂȘme sây substituer.
Pour ce projet, lâarchitecture de contrĂŽle HBBA (Hybrid Behavior-Based Architecture) sert de pilier pour unifier les bibliothĂšques requises, RTAB-Map (Real-Time Appearance-Based Mapping) et ODAS (Open embeddeD Audition System), pour rĂ©aliser cette intĂ©gration. RTAB-Map est une bibliothĂšque permettant la localisation et la cartographie simultanĂ©e selon diffĂ©rentes configurations de capteurs tout en respectant les contraintes de traitement en ligne. ODAS est une bibliothĂšque permettant la localisation, le suivi et la sĂ©paration de sources sonores en milieux rĂ©els. Les objectifs sont dâĂ©valuer ces capacitĂ©s en environnement rĂ©el en dĂ©ployant la plateforme robotique dans diffĂ©rents domiciles, et dâĂ©valuer le potentiel dâune telle intĂ©gration en rĂ©alisant un scĂ©nario autonome dâassistance Ă la prise de mesure de signes vitaux.
La plateforme robotique Beam+ est utilisĂ©e pour rĂ©aliser cette intĂ©gration. La plateforme est bonifiĂ©e par lâajout dâune camĂ©ra RBG-D, dâune matrice de huit microphones, dâun ordinateur et de batteries supplĂ©mentaires. LâimplĂ©mentation rĂ©sultante, nommĂ©e SAM, a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e dans 10 domiciles pour caractĂ©riser la navigation et le suivi de conversation. Les rĂ©sultats de la navigation suggĂšrent que les capacitĂ©s de navigation fonctionnent selon certaines contraintes propres au positionement des capteurs et des conditions environnementales, impliquant la nĂ©cessitĂ© dâintervention de lâopĂ©rateur pour compenser. La modalitĂ© de suivi de la voix fonctionne bien dans des environnements calmes, mais des amĂ©liorations sont requises en milieu bruyant. Incidemment, la rĂ©alisation dâun scĂ©nario dâassistance complĂštement autonome est fonction des performances de la combinaison de ces fonctionnalitĂ©s, ce qui rend difficile dâenvisager le retrait complet dâun opĂ©rateur dans la boucle de dĂ©cision. LâintĂ©gration des modalitĂ©s avec HBBA sâavĂšre possible et concluante, et ouvre la porte Ă la rĂ©utilisabilitĂ© de lâimplĂ©mentation sur dâautres plateformes robotiques qui pourraient venir compenser face aux lacunes observĂ©es sur la mise en Ćuvre avec la plateforme Beam+
Opportunities for using eye tracking technology in manufacturing and logistics: Systematic literature review and research agenda
Workers play essential roles in manufacturing and logistics. Releasing workers from routine tasks and enabling them to focus on creative, value-adding activities can enhance their performance and wellbeing, and it is also key to the successful implementation of Industry 4.0. One technology that can help identify patterns of worker-system interaction is Eye Tracking (ET), which is a non-intrusive technology for measuring human eye movements. ET can provide moment-by-moment insights into the cognitive state of the subject during task execution, which can improve our understanding of how humans behave and make decisions within complex systems. It also enables explorations of the subjectâs interaction mode with the working environment. Earlier research has investigated the use of ET in manufacturing and logistics, but the literature is fragmented and has not yet been discussed in a literature review yet.
This article therefore conducts a systematic literature review to explore the applications of ET, summarise its benefits, and outline future research opportunities of using ET in manufacturing and logistics. We first propose a conceptual framework to guide our study and then conduct a systematic literature search in scholarly databases, obtaining 71 relevant papers. Building on the proposed framework, we systematically review the use of ET and categorize the identified papers according to their application in manufacturing (product development, production, quality inspection) and logistics. Our results reveal that ET has several use cases in the manufacturing sector, but that its application in logistics has not been studied extensively so far. We summarize the benefits of using ET in terms of process performance, human performance, and work environment and safety, and also discuss the methodological characteristics of the ET literature as well as typical ET measures used. We conclude by illustrating future avenues for ET research in manufacturing and logistics
A Software Engineered Voice-Enabled Job Recruitment Portal System
The inability of job seekers to get timely job information regarding the status of the application submitted via conventional job portal system which is usually dependent on
accessibility to the Internet has made so many job applicants to lose their placements.
Worse still, the epileptic services offered by Internet Service Providers and the poor infrastructures in most developing countries have greatly hindered the expected benefits from Internet usage. These have led to cases of online vacancies notifications unattended to simply because a job seeker is neither aware nor has access to the Internet. With an increasing patronage of mobile phones, a self-service job vacancy notification with audio
functionality or an automated job vacancy notification to all qualified job seekers through mobile phones will simply provide a solution to these challenges. In this paper, we present a Voice-enabled Job Recruitment Portal (JRP) System. The system is accessed through two interfaces â the voice userâs interface (VUI) and web interface. The VUI was developed using VoiceXML and the web interface using PHP, and both interfaces integrated with Apache and MySQL as the middleware and back-end component respectively. The JRP
proposed in this paper takes the hassle of job hunting from job seekers, provides job status information in real-time to the job seeker and offers other benefits such as, cost,
effectiveness, speed, accuracy, ease of documentation, convenience and better logistics to the employer in seeking the right candidate for a job
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