Inclusive / exclusive cities

In order to understand the potential for joint effort for construction of better cities this book aims to develop a platform of knowledge and promote an informative debate about concepts, approaches and tools that are coherent with the complex nature of the cities and societies, but comprehensible and simple enough to be useful for institutions and citizens that are affected by the processes that are shaping cities. The questions that could be addressed and topics are: 1. Where and how could we identify and analyse the issues of social inclusion/exclusion in a transformation troubled cities and what can we learn from good and bad practices of social inclusion and/or exclusion? 2. Is there a new complexity of the relationship between cities and society, uncertainties, and questions to be addressed? What are the new approaches, tools and practices that will enhance democratization of urban development through better inclusiveness? 3. To what extent could urban disciplines be engaged with urban progress in terms of theory, practice and education in an era with new social networks, new political policies, new digital tools and new forms of art and culture? 4. How cities can encourage urban inclusion at a time of intense social and cultural transformations, especially through design and urban planning? Moreover, to what extent are urban plans able to facilitate communication between citizens and institutions, society and the form of the cities? -- With the support of ‘Europe for Citizens Programme’ 2007 - 201

The HBP1 tumor suppressor is a negative epigenetic regulator of MYCN driven neuroblastoma through interaction with the PRC2 complex

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Description des phénotypes cliniques des patientes diagnostiquées pour un cancer de l'ovaire de type épithélial à partir d'un entrepôt de données cliniques : un soutien pour la génomique fonctionnelle

Ce projet de maîtrise vise à décrire les phénotypes cliniques des patientes diagnostiquées pour un cancer de l'ovaire de type épithélial afin de soutenir la génomique fonctionnelle. Pour réaliser ce projet de recherche, quatre objectifs ont été réalisés : 1) proposer un modèle conceptuel décrivant les phénotypes cliniques des patientes à partir de données médicales enregistrées dans un entrepôt de données cliniques ; 2) à partir du modèle conceptuel, créer deux outils informatiques, dont l'un, le Master Specimen File (MSF) qui extrait des variables du modèle conceptuel issues des rapports de chirurgie et de pathologie des patientes (p. ex. histologie, stade, grade, etc.) afin de confirmer leurs diagnostics et de décrire leurs tissus de recherche selon des caractéristiques tissulaires, cellulaires et moléculaires. L'autre, le Clinical Response Database (CRD) , permet de visualiser d'autres variables (p. ex. traitements, résultats d'imagerie médicale et marqueurs tumoraux) pour déterminer l'ordre des traitements, les réponses aux traitements ainsi que les survies des patientes; 3) utiliser les deux outils informatiques au Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS) pour décrire les phénotypes cliniques de patientes recrutées pour le Laboratoire de génomique fonctionnelle de l'Université de Sherbrooke (LGFUS) ; et 4) réanalyser les résultats d'une étude publiée en 2009 par le LGFUS en effectuant un nouveau regroupement des patientes selon leurs phénotypes cliniques. L'utilisation des outils informatiques au CHUS a permis de décrire les phénotypes cliniques de 106 patientes diagnostiquées pour un cancer de l'ovaire de type épithélial. Ces outils ont permis de sélectionner les patientes dont les phénotypes cliniques correspondent à des critères de sélection établis par le LGFUS. Cette sélection a permis d'effectuer la réanalyse des résultats d'une étude génomique et de constater que les patientes ayant des phénotypes cliniques hétérogènes ont des moyennes de ratio d'événements d'épissage alternatif de gènes statistiquement différentes. De plus, cette reanalyse a permis d'obtenir de nouveaux résultats statistiquement significatifs et d'apporter de nouvelles hypothèses concernant le gène CDCA1 dans le cadre du cancer de l'ovaire de type épithélial

Drug development progress in duchenne muscular dystrophy

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe, progressive, and incurable X-linked disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Patients with DMD have an absence of functional dystrophin protein, which results in chronic damage of muscle fibers during contraction, thus leading to deterioration of muscle quality and loss of muscle mass over time. Although there is currently no cure for DMD, improvements in treatment care and management could delay disease progression and improve quality of life, thereby prolonging life expectancy for these patients. Furthermore, active research efforts are ongoing to develop therapeutic strategies that target dystrophin deficiency, such as gene replacement therapies, exon skipping, and readthrough therapy, as well as strategies that target secondary pathology of DMD, such as novel anti-inflammatory compounds, myostatin inhibitors, and cardioprotective compounds. Furthermore, longitudinal modeling approaches have been used to characterize the progression of MRI and functional endpoints for predictive purposes to inform Go/No Go decisions in drug development. This review showcases approved drugs or drug candidates along their development paths and also provides information on primary endpoints and enrollment size of Ph2/3 and Ph3 trials in the DMD space

Dichotomic role of NAADP/two-pore channel 2/Ca2+ signaling in regulating neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells

Poster Presentation - Stem Cells and Pluripotency: abstract no. 1866The mobilization of intracellular Ca2+stores is involved in diverse cellular functions, including cell proliferation and differentiation. At least three endogenous Ca2+mobilizing messengers have been identified, including inositol trisphosphate (IP3), cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose (cADPR), and nicotinic adenine acid dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP). Similar to IP3, NAADP can mobilize calcium release in a wide variety of cell types and species, from plants to animals. Moreover, it has been previously shown that NAADP but not IP3-mediated Ca2+increases can potently induce neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells. Recently, two pore channels (TPCs) have been identified as a novel family of NAADP-gated calcium release channels in endolysosome. Therefore, it is of great interest to examine the role of TPC2 in the neural differentiation of mouse ES cells. We found that the expression of TPC2 is markedly decreased during the initial ES cell entry into neural progenitors, and the levels of TPC2 gradually rebound during the late stages of neurogenesis. Correspondingly, perturbing the NAADP signaling by TPC2 knockdown accelerates mouse ES cell differentiation into neural progenitors but inhibits these neural progenitors from committing to the final neural lineage. Interestingly, TPC2 knockdown has no effect on the differentiation of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes of mouse ES cells. Overexpression of TPC2, on the other hand, inhibits mouse ES cell from entering the neural lineage. Taken together, our data indicate that the NAADP/TPC2-mediated Ca2+signaling pathway plays a temporal and dichotomic role in modulating the neural lineage entry of ES cells; in that NAADP signaling antagonizes ES cell entry to early neural progenitors, but promotes late neural differentiation.postprin