Mobile Phone:The Past,The Present and The Future

Since the introduction of cellular analogue phone in 1985 (first generation mobile phone), there has been a continuous improvement from the first generation to digital secondgeneration to 2.5 generation and now the third-generation. The ground is also being prepared for the fourth-generation mobile phone. Mobile technology has transformed our lives in ways that might have seemed unimaginable some years ago and yet we are still witnessing more transformations and many more are yet to come. This paper examines the concept of cellular communication, the development of mobile phones, the features in the past, the current trends and what to the future holds in general and specifically for Nigeria. The cost implications of the various generations over the previous ones to the end users are also discusse

Comparative Analysis of GSM and CDMA, Strength and Weakness, Future Challenges and Practical Solutions (A Case Study of MTN and NITEL Nigeria

Considering the strength, weakness, future challenges and practical solutions of GSM and CDMAA, this paper comprehensively compares GSM and CDMA by making use of telecommunication service operators in Nigeria as a case study. The paper starts with the review of telecommunication system in Nigeria by looking at the history of telecommunication in Nigeria, the evolution of cellular communication architecture, GSM and CDMA technology and presentation of a comparative analysis between GSM and CDMA. The services of GSM telecommunication operators in Nigeria were compared with the CDMA operators. Finally emphasis is laid on the duo of MTN and NITEL. Two Urban Cities were chosen in South west of Nigeria (namely: Lagos and Ibadan). Chi-square test statistic is implored to investigate the subscribers’ response on the type of services they enjoyed on their mobile phone. The discussion of result is presented based on the analysis of data extracted from the responses from the respondents and recommendations are made for further studies. Keywords: NITEL, CDMA, GSM, Cell, Cellular, EDGE, 1G, 2G, 3G, telecom

Who runs the radio commons? The role of strategic associations in governing transnational common pool resources

This thesis investigates how collective action is achieved in the governance of transnational common pool resources, taking the example of the electromagnetic radio spectrum as a global common. The thesis asks what determines variation in operational and collective choice property arrangements in common pool resources such as the radio spectrum. The radio spectrum represents the totality of radio frequencies used for wireless communications around the world. It is a transnational resource that exhibits properties of other common pool resources: a) high rivalry in consumption and b) difficulty in excluding non-contributing beneficiaries from its use. This study demonstrates that the presence of a public actor – even one with established authority at transnational level such as the Commission of the European Union – cannot fully explain variations in the configuration of property arrangements in the radio resource. Instead, this study finds that private actors in the electronic communications industry – i.e. service operators and system developers – define rules of access and rules of use in the transnational radio resource, by means of negotiating the configuration of technology systems used to extract value from the resource. In addition, this study finds that industry actors are able to define common operational rules to access and use a transnational frequency pool even in complex situations of heterogeneous economic interests and heterogeneous technology capabilities. They reduce uncertainty in these complex situations by increasing participation in decision-making and by developing mechanisms of information exchange and mutual monitoring in industry associations. When industry actors agree these common rules of management, and reinforce them with common rules of exclusion, they are more likely to negotiate operational arrangements based on principles of common exclusive property rather than individual exclusive property in the transnational radio resource. These findings are derived from the analysis of four case studies, which trace the development of operational rules in five radio frequency bands across time. By revealing the central role of industry associations in defining property arrangements in transnational commons such as the radio spectrum, this research seeks to contribute to the debate about the nature and scope of private transnational governance of common goods

GSM Security Issues

Import 05/08/2014Globální systém pro mobilní komunikaci (GSM) je v současnosti celosvětově nejrozšířenějším telekomunikačním systémem s více než 7 miliardami uživatelů. Tato diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou zabezpečení komunikace na rádiovém rozhraní systému GSM. Práce nejprve analyzuje bezpečnostní rizika v systému GSM, a popisuje již realizované a publikované útoky vůči tomuto systému. Na základě těchto poznatků je následně prakticky provedena realizace útoků vůči autentizačním a šifrovacím mechanismům sítě GSM, za využití volně dostupného software a hardware v podobě softwarově programovatelného rádia USRP (Universal Software Radio Peripheral) a DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial) přijímače.Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) is actually the most wordldwide used telecommunication system serving over 7 billion users. This master thesis points out security weaknesses in the radio interface of GSM. These weaknesses are analyzed and afterwards already realized attacks against GSM are described. Using open-source software and available hardware – USRP (Universal Software Radio Peripheral), DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial) receiver are realized several attacks against authentication and ciphering mechanisms in GSM.440 - Katedra telekomunikační technikyvýborn

Convergence: the next big step

Recently, web based multimedia services have gained popularity and have proven themselves to be viable means of communication. This has inspired the telecommunication service providers and network operators to reinvent themselves to try and provide value added IP centric services. There was need for a system which would allow new services to be introduced rapidly with reduced capital expense (CAPEX) and operational expense (OPEX) through increased efficiency in network utilization. Various organizations and standardization agencies have been working together to establish such a system. Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is a result of these efforts. IMS is an application level system. It is being developed by 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) and 3GPP2 (3rd Generation Partnership Project 2) in collaboration with IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union – Telecommunication Standardization Sector), and ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) etc. Initially, the main aim of IMS was to bring together the internet and the cellular world, but it has extended to include traditional wire line telecommunication systems as well. It utilizes existing internet protocols such as SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting protocol), and COPS (Common Open Policy Service) etc, and modifies them to meet the stringent requirements of reliable, real time communication systems. The advantages of IMS include easy service quality management (QoS), mobility management, service control and integration. At present a lot of attention is being paid to providing bundled up services in the home environment. Service providers have been successful in providing traditional telephony, high speed internet and cable services in a single package. But there is very little integration among these services. IMS can provide a way to integrate them as well as extend the possibility of various other services to be added to allow increased automation in the home environment. This thesis extends the concept of IMS to provide convergence and facilitate internetworking of the various bundled services available in the home environment; this may include but is not limited to communications (wired and wireless), entertainment, security etc. In this thesis, I present a converged home environment which has a number of elements providing a variety of communication and entertainment services. The proposed network would allow effective interworking of these elements, based on IMS architecture. My aim is to depict the possible advantages of using IMS to provide convergence, automation and integration at the residential level

Proceedings of the Second International Mobile Satellite Conference (IMSC 1990)

Presented here are the proceedings of the Second International Mobile Satellite Conference (IMSC), held June 17-20, 1990 in Ottawa, Canada. Topics covered include future mobile satellite communications concepts, aeronautical applications, modulation and coding, propagation and experimental systems, mobile terminal equipment, network architecture and control, regulatory and policy considerations, vehicle antennas, and speech compression

Soft handover issues in radio resource management for 3G WCDMA networks

PhDMobile terminals allow users to access services while on the move. This unique feature has driven the rapid growth in the mobile network industry, changing it from a new technology into a massive industry within less than two decades. Handover is the essential functionality for dealing with the mobility of the mobile users. Compared with the conventional hard handover employed in the GSM mobile networks, the soft handover used in IS-95 and being proposed for 3G has better performance on both link and system level. Previous work on soft handover has led to several algorithms being proposed and extensive research has been conducted on the performance analysis and parameters optimisation of these algorithms. Most of the previous analysis focused on the uplink direction. However, in future mobile networks, the downlink is more likely to be the bottleneck of the system capacity because of the asymmetric nature of new services, such as Internet traffic. In this thesis, an in-depth study of the soft handover effects on the downlink direction of WCDMA networks is carried out, leading to a new method of optimising soft handover for maximising the downlink capacity and a new power control approach