Inefficiencies in Digital Advertising Markets

Digital advertising markets are growing and attracting increased scrutiny. This article explores four market inefficiencies that remain poorly understood: ad effect measurement, frictions between and within advertising channel members, ad blocking, and ad fraud. Although these topics are not unique to digital advertising, each manifests in unique ways in markets for digital ads. The authors identify relevant findings in the academic literature, recent developments in practice, and promising topics for future research

The Nature of the Relationships Between Brand Loyalty and Advertising

abstract: In the recent years, more and more products come into the market, which provides thousands of choices for consumers. We live in a world full of brands, all trying to attract our attention. A critical part of this process is the criteria for selection. Research has found that criteria always derive from individuals’ experience, which finally creates a unique identity for certain products and brands that could be considered synonym with the specific product. This is a fast-growing phenomenon since the advent of the commodity economy period. In today’s competitive environment, modern consumers are the decision makers and the heart of a value exchange. They are becoming increasingly informed as they compare the attributes of different brands. Advertising has always been one of the important ways for companies to build strong relationships with consumers. This research aims to study the relationship between brand loyalty and advertising. This research is focused on two kind of advertisements; advertisements through social network and launch events, which have different characters, differences in broadcast frequency, and different promotion methods. Interview and survey were mainly used for this study. Research results conclude that: 1) The impact of the press conference is greater than advertising through social network and the effect of a precise advertisement is greater than repeated advertising for individuals. 2) Advertisements should be launched in a less forceful way than in the past. They should try to affect consumers subconsciously, to disguise the fact that they are advertisements and thus keep in sync with consumers, in order to help create loyalty through certain brand. 3) Consumers also want to have more interactions with firms and other users and to participate in the creation of brand-consumer relationships. 4) Advertisements have positive effect in creating brand image.Dissertation/ThesisMasters Thesis Design 201

ECOLOGY OF THE IMAGE

We know very little about the ecology of our designed world. Contrary to all appearances, design is not about making objects. It is rather about structuring the conditions for life. Design is our second nature, naturalising changes in our ways of living. Yet it also conceals dangers and diminishes our sensitivity to respond to them. The security offered by the televisual image — and the solace of design's promise to remove all environmental risks — are fictions. Ecology of the Image is a critical exploration of idealism in design. Drawing on hermeneutic phenomenology, socio-cultural and design theory, it argues that design is not a value-free practice but structures epistemological attitudes into the world. Ideas are material elements of our environments. This thesis offers an explanation of how idealism circulates within the designed world, fashioning our minds, bodies and environments. The televisual is analysed as a normative phenomenon that inducts us into a way of seeing and understanding the world. Its vision of the affluent good life inspires and gives purpose to desire, and sustains what Manzini has called 'product based well being'. The thesis argues that the televisual puts us out of touch with the consequences of its vision; it diminishes our capacity for forethought. This results in the generation of unacknowledged, yet self-endangering environmental feedback. Environmental problems force us to take account of design's hidden rationales. Only at five minutes to midnight, for example, do we realise that the stock and supply of potable water is endangered. The problem is not so much this late recognition, but that design led us to believe in water's abundance. This situation demands the development of an ecological understanding of our designed worlds that can inform future actions. The sign, particularly as it has been mobilised in cultural theory, plays a leading role in this design situation and the perceptions it supports. The sign is utilised for its ability to denaturalise appearances — to 'read' design's claims on the world. Finally, the thesis turns to the designer-in-training in the process of acquiring instrumental skills and worldviews. It proposes a research strategy that inscribes environmental consciousness into the design process — situating the designer in the midst of semiotic and material worlds. Through its observational methodology it outlines ways of first understanding, then of intervening and generating changes in our 'ideal' world

ECOLOGY OF THE IMAGE

We know very little about the ecology of our designed world. Contrary to all appearances, design is not about making objects. It is rather about structuring the conditions for life. Design is our second nature, naturalising changes in our ways of living. Yet it also conceals dangers and diminishes our sensitivity to respond to them. The security offered by the televisual image — and the solace of design's promise to remove all environmental risks — are fictions. Ecology of the Image is a critical exploration of idealism in design. Drawing on hermeneutic phenomenology, socio-cultural and design theory, it argues that design is not a value-free practice but structures epistemological attitudes into the world. Ideas are material elements of our environments. This thesis offers an explanation of how idealism circulates within the designed world, fashioning our minds, bodies and environments. The televisual is analysed as a normative phenomenon that inducts us into a way of seeing and understanding the world. Its vision of the affluent good life inspires and gives purpose to desire, and sustains what Manzini has called 'product based well being'. The thesis argues that the televisual puts us out of touch with the consequences of its vision; it diminishes our capacity for forethought. This results in the generation of unacknowledged, yet self-endangering environmental feedback. Environmental problems force us to take account of design's hidden rationales. Only at five minutes to midnight, for example, do we realise that the stock and supply of potable water is endangered. The problem is not so much this late recognition, but that design led us to believe in water's abundance. This situation demands the development of an ecological understanding of our designed worlds that can inform future actions. The sign, particularly as it has been mobilised in cultural theory, plays a leading role in this design situation and the perceptions it supports. The sign is utilised for its ability to denaturalise appearances — to 'read' design's claims on the world. Finally, the thesis turns to the designer-in-training in the process of acquiring instrumental skills and worldviews. It proposes a research strategy that inscribes environmental consciousness into the design process — situating the designer in the midst of semiotic and material worlds. Through its observational methodology it outlines ways of first understanding, then of intervening and generating changes in our 'ideal' world

An Empirical Analysis Of Marketing Activities in Indonesian Islamic Banking Industry

ABSTRACT Despite the fact that Indonesia is a predominantly Muslim country, the market share of Islamic banking sector in Indonesia stands around 4 percent in 2011 (Indonesian Central Bank, 2012:127). Although a plethora of study regarding the Indonesian Islamic banking industry has been conducted, not many of them touch the issue of low market share from marketing perspectives. This research aims at exploring and examining the marketing developed and utilised by the Islamic banking industry in Indonesia. In doing so, this study aims at measuring the perceptions, attitudes, and opinions of the participants having accounts in Islamic banks in evaluating various dimensions of Islamic banking marketing in terms of process, consequence and outcome as well as their general perceptions on Islamic finance and banking. The study also aims to evaluate the marketing of Islamic banks through the norms of the Islamic moral economy as well as the perceived practices of marketing activities. During the process of primary data collection, 1063 questionnaires were gathered and were divided into three categories: conventional banking only depositors (412 respondents), dual banking only depositors (523 respondents), and Shari’ah banking only depositors (128 respondents). In addition, interviews were conducted by leading individuals from the Islamic banking industry. Apart from that secondary data collection was also conducted from various secondary sources. In general, one could argue that the three group of respondent share similar demographical characteristics. For Shari’ah banking only depositor, the only difference lies in respondents’ marital status, while for conventional banking only depositor, the difference lies in the income. In addition, almost all respondents prefer to bank with local Shari’ah bank. The primary reason for this is neither nationalism nor Halal and Haram issue, but rather the excellence of the product. In overall, respondents who are married, Muslim, highly educated, and have a domicile in Java are likely to go for Shari’ah bank. Knowledge regarding Shari’ah bank is also explored and it is shown that the amount of particular areas of knowledge gets better as with attachment to Shari’ah bank. Furthermore, respondents’ perceptions on several issues are also presented. In general, respondents perceive Shari’ah bank as positive except when they think that Shari’ah bank is only for the needy. Nevertheless, contrasting opinions could be seen on the perceptions regarding Shari’ah banking product: the more respondents get attached to Shari’ah bank, the more they perceive Shari’ah bank’s depositing product to be competitive. However, the more respondents get attached to Shari’ah bank, the more they perceive Shari’ah bank’s housing and vehicle financing product to be uncompetitive. On the issue of advertisement, the more respondents get attached to Shari’ah bank, the more positive is their opinions towards the statements. Moreover, when asked on the perceptions of advertisement characteristics, all respondents showed encouraging views. The same views are held regarding the actual experience with Shari’ah bank. Finally, the results regarding the perceptions in actual service and advertisement of Shari’ah bank vary across the three respondent groups. In light of these findings, this research proposes that the industry applies greater transparency by having national Shari’ah rating system. In addition, the industry should concentrate more on the non-price aspects. Furthermore, Shari’ah banks should launch more innovative products and communicate those products in accordance to Shari’ah. Moreover, improvement in employees’ salary, training and facilities should be made in order to amplify the quality of service. Also, socialization should be conducted regarding the fact that the industry is not religion-specific

Consumers’ Obsession Becoming Retailers’ Possession: The Way That Retailers Are Benefiting from Consumers’ Presence on Social Media

Retailers can profit from consumers’ social media presence in two ways: (1) through inadequate privacy laws; and (2) through retailers’ reposting of consumers intellectual property uploaded to social media sites. The California Legislature passed the Online Privacy Protection Act (CalOPPA), which moved towards protecting the privacy rights of consumers. However, the Legislature’s inability to hold retailers accountable under CalOPPA leaves consumers susceptible to the invasive technologies retailers use to collect social media users’ information, which they in turn sell and profit from. To better protect consumers on social media, the legislature should first enact a privacy law restricting retailers’ and social media sites’ use of invasive technologies to collect and sell social media users’ personal information. The legislature must require all businesses to abide by a consumer’s request to opt-out of being tracked online. Part II of this Comment will explain how social media has created new ways for retailers to profit from online users’ private information. Part III will analyze the legal responses to the online privacy issue in terms of legal opinions and legislative attempts to protect the privacy of online consumers. Because social media sites provide retailers with massive amounts of personal and often private information from unsuspecting users, Part IV advocates for a privacy law that requires social media sites and retailers to honor the privacy requests of social media users. Lastly, Part V advocates for Congress to act on the proposed Consumer Privacy Bill of Rights Act (CPBRA) and dedicate a section of the bill to the regulation of social media sites’ and retailers’ use of consumer information